Measuring the Costs of Limb Regeneration and Their Transgenerational Consequences in Two Nearctic Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1780-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Michaud ◽  
Ahmed H Abdelwahab ◽  
Mohamed H Bayoumy ◽  
S S Awadalla ◽  
M El-Gendy
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Regenerative Ability ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Parental Mating

Abstract We examined the ability of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville to regenerate, during pupation, a foreleg amputated in the fourth instar. Leg regeneration was complete for 80.7% of amputated H. convergens larvae, with 12.5% regenerating partially, and 6.8% showing no regeneration. Regeneration in C. maculata was 72.2% complete, 20.5% partial, and 7.2% none, but mortality following ablation was slightly higher than for H. convergens (7.4 vs. 0.6%). Ablation/regeneration caused a slight delay in pupation, but pupation time, fresh mass at emergence, and reproductive performance remained unaffected in either species. Reciprocal crosses were made between regenerated and unoperated beetles, and 12 progeny reared from the second clutch of each female in all treatments. Mating treatment affected eclosion time in H. convergens, whereas in C. maculata, larval development and pupation time were also affected. Considering all treatments, larval mortality was higher in H. convergens than in C. maculata, but lower when both H. convergens parents regenerated. Parental mating treatment did not affect adult weight in either species, but development of C. maculata progeny was faster when only the sire regenerated, and slower when the only the dame regenerated, whereas progeny of regenerated sires completed pupated faster than those sired by controls. We infer that genes activated during regeneration have pleiotropic effects with subtle, gender-specific, epigenetic consequences. If these pleiotropic effects are genetically linked to important traits, regenerative genetic elements could be conserved in coccinellids via natural selection acting on these traits, rather than on regenerative ability per se.

Mortality of the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Sorghum Panicles in Georgia

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glynn Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cotesia Marginiventris ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Geocoris Punctipes ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The mortality of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), on sorghum panicles in Georgia was determined in a 2-yr study. Percent total real mortality (rx) of H. zea exceeded 99% for each year and planting date. Percent total real mortality was highest for eggs followed by 1st instars. Parasitization and predation were the primary mortality factors for eggs on sorghum panicles. Larval mortality was due in part to predation, parasitization, and infection by pathogens. Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was the only egg parasitoid observed on sorghum panicles. Orius insidiosus (Say) was the predominant predator of H. zea. Other predators observed feeding on H. zea included the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), green lynx spiders, Peucetia viridans (Hentz), and lady beetles (mainly Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville). A variety of parasitoids attacked larvae on sorghum. The braconid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) parasitized small to medium-sized larvae. The tachinids Eucelatoria rubentis Coquillett and Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) parasitized large larvae. Two pathogens, HzNPV, a naturally-occurring nuclear polyhedrosis virus of H. zea, and the fungus, Entomophthora aulicae (Reichardt) G. Winter, caused mortality of larvae. In conclusion, biological control by natural enemies of H. zea on sorghum panicles resulted in significant mortality for this pest.

Effect of cotton genotypes on numbers of adult lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-689
Author(s):  
H. L. Bhardwaj ◽  
J. B. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Cotton Pests ◽  
Calcium Arsenate ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Cotton Fields

Predatory arthropods can play an important role in the natural control of cotton pests, including bollworms (Heliothis zea Boddie and H. virescens F.). Smith & Fontenot (1942) reported that widespread use of calcium arsenate in cotton fields reduced the number of coccinellids, which resulted in increased damage by pests. Ewing & Ivy (1943) confined several predacious insects collected from cotton (individually in jelly glasses fitted with slightly moistened blotting paper) and supplied them daily with eggs deposited by insectary-reared bollworm moths. The maximum number of eggs destroyed in a day by a single adult of the convergent lady beetle (Hippodama convergent Guerin-Meneville) was 275. Adults of another species of lady beetle (Coleomegilla fuscilabris Muls.) frequently consumed all the eggs given them, an adult on average consuming 22 eggs per day. All the 12 species of predacious insects found in cotton fields survived on bollworm eggs. Whitcomb & Bell (1964) showed that the three most common lady beetles in cotton fields in Arkansas were: (1) spotted lady beetles (Coleomegilla maculata De Geer), (2) convergent lady beetles, and (3) ninespotted lady beetles (Ciccinella novemnotata Herbst). They recorded 24 species of lady beetles, all feeding on lepidopterous eggs including those of bollworms. Many of these predators were captured while feeding on small bollworm larvae. Van den Bosch & Kagen (1966) proposed guidelines for the mass releases of convergent lady beetle adults as a pest control measure in cotton. Lingren, Ridgway & Jones (1968) reported from small-container experiments that adult females of convergent lady beetles consumed an average of 129·9 bollworm eggs per day.

scholarly journals Limited Transmission of the Ectoparasitic FungusHesperomyces virescensbetween Lady Beetles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted E. Cottrell ◽  
Eric W. Riddick
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Aphidophagous Lady Beetles ◽  
Bodily Contact

The ectoparasitic fungusHesperomyces virescensThaxter (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) commonly infects the invasive lady beetleHarmonia axyridis(Pallas) and several other aphidophagous lady beetles in North America and Europe. We tested the hypothesis that bodily contact between adults of different lady beetle species supports horizontal transmission ofH. virescens. We used laboratory assays to determine whetherH. axyridisorOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) harboringH. virescens(i.e., source beetles) transmit the fungus to noninfected target beetlesH. axyridis,O. v-nigrum,Coccinella septempunctataL.,Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer), orHippodamia convergensGuerin-Meneville. Results indicate that intraspecific transmission (i.e., for the source beetlesH. axyridisandO. v-nigrum) was common but interspecific transmission (i.e., from sourceH. axyridisorO. v-nigrumto target species) was low. Interspecific transmission occurred at low rates fromH. axyridisto bothC. septempunctataandO. v-nigrumand fromO. v-nigrumto bothC. septempunctataandH. convergens. Based upon our laboratory assays of forced pairings/groupings of source and target beetles, we predict that horizontal transmission ofH. virescensbetween species of aphidophagous coccinellids is possible but likely rare.

Differences in Anatis mali Auct. and Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake to Changes in the Quality and Quantity of the Larval Food (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Maximum Quantity ◽  
Food Intake Rate

AbstractCapacity to adjust to variable resources of food is a useful criterion for assessing the regulatory influence of predators on the population of prey. Anatis mali Auct. was better adapted than Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake to tolerate a shortage of food. When the food supply was increased, survival and adult weight increased in both species – adult weight to a much greater extent in A. mali than in C. maculata, and developmental time decreased in A. mali, but was unchanged in C. maculata. C. maculata was better able to withstand regularly occurring periods of intermittent feeding than a shortage near the end of its development.The conversion ratio of third-instar A. mali larvae and the growth rate of C. maculata larvae were higher when individuals were fed on Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) than on Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). Between the minimum food requirement and the maximum quantity eaten, the conversion ratio of A. mali decreased whereas that of C. maculata remained constant except at the highest quantities of food where the rate of intake increased and the ratio decreased. Relative food intake rate is an accurate criterion for comparing stages and species of predators that are fed on various foods.

Limb regeneration in adult amphibia

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Scadding
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
Regenerative Ability

This paper reports a histological analysis of limb regeneration capacity in 20 species of amphibians. These data, along with a survey of other species reported in the literature, are used as a basis for the following generalizations. (1) Limb regeneration in the amphibians is not an all-or-none process, but regenerative capacity covers a continuum from normal regeneration to total absence of regenerative ability. (2) In adult anurans, regenerative outgrowth is common in discoglossids and pipids, occurs frequently in hylids, rarely in ranids, and has never been reported in bufonids. In the anurans, there is no correlation between size and regenerative capacity. (3) In the urodeles, limb regeneration capacity is correlated with size. Urodele species with a mean snout–vent length over 100 mm regenerate heteromorphically or not at all. Those under 75 mm regenerate consistently normally. Those species of intermediate size give variable responses to limb amputation, and may regenerate normally, heteromorphically, or not at all. Hypotheses that might explain differences in regenerative ability are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of biological parameters of Eriopis connexa (Germar, 1824) and Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer, 1775) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed with alternative prey developed at the Integrated Center for Pest Management - UFRRJ

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
D. P. Almeida ◽  
G. C. M. Berber ◽  
E. L. Aguiar-Menezes ◽  
A. L. S. Resende
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Ephestia Kuehniella ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Eriopis Connexa ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of live larvae of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as alternative prey used in the E. connexa and C. maculata rearings developed at the Integrated Center for Pest Management (CIMP) (UFRRJ, Seropédica campus, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), in comparison to the use of flour moth eggs, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), sterilized by ultraviolet radiation. The obtained results showed that the larvae of the two lady beetles developed adequately, as well as generating fertile adults and viable eggs when fed on live larvae of D. melanogaster, similar to E. kuehniella eggs. It can be concluded that the live larvae of this fly can replace the eggs of the flour moth in the rearing of the two lady beetles in the laboratory.

An Improved Artificial Diet for Rearing Propylea japonica (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-387
Author(s):  
Jin Liu ◽  
Xiao-Peng Zhang ◽  
Dong-Chao Li ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Bao-Jie Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Optimal Diet ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Development Duration

Abstract Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important natural enemy of insect pests of agricultural importance. An artificial diet is needed when insects upon which the predators feed are in limited supply. Larval mortality, duration of larval development, duration of the pupal stage, and adult weight were compared for various concentrations of nine ingredients of an artificial diet in an L9(3)4 multi-index orthogonal array design. A range analysis (“R” method) coupled with an integrated balance method determined that the theoretically optimal diet for P. japonica larvae was 6 g ground powder of Mythimna separata (Walker), 2 g yeast extract, 1 g sucrose, 0.08 g olive oil, and 29.42 g basic diet. After further testing, we found that this diet yielded a higher larval survival rate, longer larval period, longer pupal period, greater adult weight, and higher eclosion rate of P. japonica compared with the eight artificial diets tested.

Survey of Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Sweet Corn Using Yellow Sticky Cards

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Michael S. Orfanedes ◽  
Laura H. Pedersen ◽  
Jonathan J. Kirkwyland ◽  
E. Richard Hoebeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Peak Abundance ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

Yellow cards coated with adhesive were used to survey for the presence, relative abundance and seasonal patterns of lady beetles in research and commercial fields of processing sweet corn in central and western New York in 1992 and 1993. The lady beetles species recorded, in order of abundance were: Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, Coccinella septempunctata L., Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say), Hippodamia parenthesis (Say), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.), Cycloneda munda (Say), Hippodamia glacialis glacialis (F.), Adalia bipunctata (L.), Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant, and Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown. Coleomegilla maculata lengi was in sufficient number to reflect seasonal patterns. Coleomegilla maculata lengi populations rapidly increased in early July, peaked in late July or early August and then rapidly declined. The timing of C. maculata lengi peak abundance was more closely related to day-of-year than to stage of crop development based on accumulated degree days from planting. The pattern of capture of C. maculata lengi at incremental distances into the field did not indicate colonization from the field edge.

scholarly journals Incorporating a Sorghum Habitat for Enhancing Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Cotton

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Tillman ◽  
T. E. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) prey on insect pests in cotton. The objective of this 2 yr on-farm study was to document the impact of a grain sorghum trap crop on the density of Coccinellidae on nearby cotton.Scymnusspp.,Coccinella septempunctata(L.),Hippodamia convergensGuérin-Méneville,Harmonia axyridis(Pallas),Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer),Cycloneda munda(Say), andOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) were found in sorghum over both years. Lady beetle compositions in sorghum and cotton and in yellow pyramidal traps were similar. For both years, density of lady beetles generally was higher on cotton with sorghum than on control cotton. Our results indicate that sorghum was a source of lady beetles in cotton, and thus incorporation of a sorghum habitat in farmscapes with cotton has great potential to enhance biocontrol of insect pests in cotton.

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