Blister Beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) Occurring in Montana Alfalfa

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue L. Blodgett ◽  
Patricia M. Denke
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Label Information ◽  
Blister Beetle

Blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) may be an important pest of alfalfa that reduces the utility and value of forage rather than dry matter yield. Crop utility is compromised because of the threat of toxicity to livestock, particularly horses, if they are fed alfalfa hay that is contaminated with cantharidin. The chemical toxin, cantharidin, is contained in the hemolymph of blister beetles and may contaminate forage directly by beetles killed during harvest and incorporated into baled hay or indirectly by transfer of hemolymph from crushed beetles to forage. Risk of blister beetle contamination varies with blister beetle species and occurrence. Species composition and seasonal occurrence of blister beetles in Montana alfalfa was determined using two approaches: (1) archival information from pinned specimens maintained in the Montana Entomology Collection, and (2) a survey of alfalfa fields in Montana. Label information of museum specimens revealed Epicauta fabricii (LeConte), Epicauta pensylvanica (De Geer), Epicauta sericans LeConte, and Epicauta maculata (Say) had been collected or extracted from alfalfa. Four additional species, Lytta cyanipennis LeConte, Epicauta normaiis Werner, Epicauta ferruginea (Say), and Epicauta murina LeConte were collected during a 4-yr alfalfa field survey. All alfalfa cuttings in Montana potentially contain blister beetles with species composition changing throughout the growing season. However, blister beetle numbers were relatively low and no swarms were detected. Blister beetle species belonging to the Vittata Group, most frequently documented to cause horse death, were not found in the Montana Entomology Collection or collected during the field study. Risks of cantharidin contamination of baled alfalfa hay in Montana is low.

scholarly journals Ground-dwelling arthropod (Araneae, Coleoptera: Carabidae, Isopoda: Oniscidea) assemblages on Hungarian main road verges

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Diána Vona-Túri ◽  
Tünde Szmatona-Túri ◽  
Ferenc Kádár ◽  
Balázs Kiss ◽  
András Weiperth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Red List ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Dominance Relation ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Road Verges ◽  
Diverse Habitat

Abstract In this study, we research ground-dwelling arthropods along four road stretches, which represent the main verge habitats (arid grassland, agricultural area, forest, and wetland) of Hungary. Besides the faunistic investigation of arthropod communities, we described and compared dominance relation and species composition. We identified 83 carabids, 81 spiders, and 4 isopod species. Seven beetle species and one spider species are included in the invertebrate Red List of Hungary. The registered species were dominant on main road verges bordering arid grassland and wetland. Main road verges proved to be a diverse habitat; hence, it is important to carry on more investigation.

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

Further studies on Carrot virus Y: hosts, symptomatology, search for resistance, and tests for seed transmissibility

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. C. Jones ◽  
L. J. Smith ◽  
B. E. Gajda ◽  
T. N. Smith ◽  
L. J. Latham
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Wild Carrot ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Seed Transmissibility

Carrot virus Y (CarVY) was studied to provide information on its host range and symptoms, identify any alternative natural hosts and sources of host resistance in carrot germplasm, and determine whether it is seed-borne. Twenty-two species belonging to the Apiaceae were inoculated with CarVY by viruliferous aphids in the glasshouse. Systemic infection with CarVY developed in carrot itself, 4 other Daucus species, 5 herbs, 1 naturalised weed, and 2 Australian native plants. When 7 of these host species were exposed to infection in the field, all became infected systemically. In both glasshouse and field, the types of symptoms that developed in infected plants and their severity varied widely from host to host. Following inoculation with infective sap, the virus was detected in inoculated leaves of 1 additional species in the Apiacaeae, and 2 species of Chenopodiaceae. A field survey did not reveal any alternative hosts likely to be important as CarVY infection reservoirs. When 34 accessions of wild carrot germplasm and 16 of other Daucus spp. were inoculated with infective aphids, symptom severity varied widely among accessions but no source of extreme resistance to CarVY was found. Tests on seedlings grown from seed collected from individual infected plants or field plantings (most with CarVY incidences of >92%) of cultivated carrot (34 135 seeds), wild carrot (20 978 seeds), Anethum graveolens (22 921 seeds), and 3 other host species (3304 seeds) did not detect any seed transmission of CarVY. The implications of these results for control of the virus in carrot crops, minimising the losses it causes, and avoiding its introduction to new locations are discussed.

High-moisture alfalfa hay conserved with a mixture of Pediococcus pentosaceus and chitinase has a similar feed value to that conserved at optimal moisture

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
L. Jin ◽  
E. Chevaux ◽  
T. McAllister ◽  
J. Baah ◽  
P. Drouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Pediococcus Pentosaceus ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Feed Value

Two separate experiments were conducted to compare the nutrient digestion and growth performance of beef cattle fed diets containing up to 77% of two conserved alfalfa hays. The two alfalfa hays were baled either at the optimum moisture (8.6%) or at a higher-than optimum moisture (21.4%) with application of a mixture of Pediococcus pentosaceus and chitinase at baling. Digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, rumen parameters, and growth performance were similar (P ≥ 0.16) for cattle fed either diet. A combination of P. pentosaceus and chitinase has the potential to preserve high-moisture alfalfa hay.

scholarly journals Endemics Versus Newcomers: The Ladybird Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Fauna of Gran Canaria

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Jerzy Romanowski ◽  
Piotr Ceryngier ◽  
Jaroslav Vĕtrovec ◽  
Marta Piotrowska ◽  
Karol Szawaryn
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Gran Canaria ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Ladybird Beetles ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Canarian Archipelago

Research on the fauna of beetles (Coleoptera) of the Canary Islands has a long tradition, which enables tracking changes in their species composition and arrival of new species. In this paper, we provide new faunistic data on the ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) recorded on Gran Canaria, one of the central islands of the archipelago, and then analyze available information on the Gran Canarian ladybird fauna from geographical and historical points of view. The field survey resulted in recording 1402 ladybird individuals belonging to 30 species. Ten of these species were new to Gran Canaria and three of them, Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus), Nephus bisignatus (Boheman), and Nephus ulbrichi Fürsch, had not previously been reported to be on any of the islands of the Canarian archipelago. Tetrabrachys tinerfensis (Hodgson) is synonymized with T. deserticola (Wollaston). Our survey and literature reports allowed us to recognize 42 species of Coccinellidae so far recorded on Gran Canaria. Seventeen of them (40%) belonged to the Canarian endemic and subendemic species, and 21 (50%) were newcomers and presumed newcomers. Colonization of Gran Canaria and other islands of the archipelago by ladybird species of various origins seems to be a frequent phenomenon that may pose a threat to the unique communities of the native Canarian species.

OCCURRENCE OF BLISTER BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE) IN GEORGIA ALFALFA

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525
Author(s):  
G. David Buntin
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Blister Beetle

Poisoning of livestock, particularly horses, has been associated with the consumption of alfalfa contaminated with dead blister beetles. Alfalfa fields in north and central Georgia were surveyed during 1987 and 1988 to determine which species infest the crop and assess the risk of each species for contaminating hay. Epicauta vittata (F.), Epicauta pestifera Werner and Epicauta pennsylvanica (DeGeer) were collected both years. Epicauta pestifera was most abundant in 1987, but E. pennsylvanica was most abundant in 1988. Epicauta vittata occurred in low numbers from mid-June through September. Densities of E. pestifera and E. pennsylvanica peaked on 25 August and about 22 September, respectively, in both years. Blister beetle densities were poorly correlated with grasshopper densities. Epicauta vittata was considered to pose the greatest risk of contaminating alfalfa hay in Georgia because of its previous association with livestock poisonings and its tendency to form aggregations in the field. Except for one specimen, no blister beetles were collected before 15 June and after 25 October. Therefore, cuttings harvested between these dates are at greatest risk of being contaminated by blister beetles.

EFFECT OF BARLEY SUPPLEMENT TO THE RATION OF DONOR ANIMALS USED IN IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY DETERMINATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rumen fluid from two sheep was used to determine in vitro dry matter digestibilities of 25 samples each from alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) and barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.). The sheep were fed either a good quality hay ad libitum and 1 kg rolled barley per day, or only the hay ad libitum, in a switchback design. The in vitro dry matter digestibilities of both alfalfa hay and barley were lower (P < 0.01) when the donor animal was fed hay and barley than when fed only hay.

Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
K. C. Olson ◽  
R. D. Wiedmeier ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Wheat Middlings

Two studies were conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of feeding different levels of whey ensiled with wheat straw and wheat middlings (whey silage) compared to control diets on production parameters in growing cattle. Whey silage was included in diets at 55 and 65.5% on a dry matter basis with net energy for maintenance and crude protein calculated to be similar to control diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings at 1.74 Mcal kg-1 and 13.4%, respectively. Dry matter intake averaged 8.41 versus 8.91 kg d-1 (P < 0.05) and 8.68 versus 7.09 kg d-1 (P < 0.05) when whey silage was included at either 55 or 65.5% of the diets compared to the control diets. Average daily gains of cattle fed whey silage incorporated at 55% was 1.00 versus 1.14 kg d-1 (P < 0.05), and reflected the difference in dry matter intake; no differences (P > 0.05) in feed efficiency (8.73:1 versus 8.71:1) were observed. However, the higher dry matter intake (DMI) of cattle fed diets with whey silage incorporated at 65.5% did not (P > 0.05) translate into higher average daily gain (1.23 versus 1.18 kg d-1), resulting in a higher (P < 0.05) feed to gain (7.00:1 versus 6.01:1) for the whey-based silage diets. Incorporation of whey silage in diets at 55% increased (P > 0.05) the dry matter digestibility by 12%, whereas incorporation at 65.5% decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter digestibility by 12% compared to control diets, with no differences (P > 0.05) in percent neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) at either level. We conclude that whey silage can be included at between 55 and 65.5% of the total dry matter in diets with no adverse effects on production compared to cattle fed diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings. Key words: Agricultural by products, crop residues, digestibility, growing cattle, production, whey silage

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