Discrimination of Sodium Tetraborate by Anastrepha suspensa Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-284
Author(s):  
Likui Yang ◽  
Herbert N. Nigg ◽  
Samuel E. Simpson ◽  
Suzanne Fraser ◽  
R. Edward Burns
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Sodium Tetraborate ◽  
Anastrepha Suspensa ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Feeding

Newly-emerged adults (4 h old) and 10-d-old Anastrepha suspensa Loew were exposed to 0 to 5% concentrations of sodium tetraborate for 7 d in choice and no-choice feeding tests. With an increase in sodium tetraborate concentration, mortality increased and occurred more quickly; egg production and egg hatch were reduced in both choice and no-choice tests. Fly mortality, egg production, and egg hatch indicated that flies fed about equally on control and sodium tetraborate-containing food when offered a choice. Egg production appeared to be more sensitive to sodium tetraborate than egg hatch. All flies died and no eggs were produced with 1, 3, and 5% sodium tetraborate even when flies were offered the choice of food without sodium tetraborate.

scholarly journals The Effects of Stomatal Size on Feeding Preference of Azalea Lace Bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Hemiptera: Tingidae), on Selected Cultivars of Evergreen Azalea

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant T. Kirker ◽  
Blair J. Sampson ◽  
Cecil T. Pounders ◽  
James M. Spiers ◽  
David W. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Delaware Valley ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Stomatal Length ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Economic Pest ◽  
Evergreen Azalea

Azalea lace bug (ALB), Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), is an important economic pest of azaleas in the southeastern United States. In this study, 33 commercially available cultivars of evergreen azalea, Rhododendron spp., were evaluated for S. pyrioides feeding preference in both choice and no-choice feeding bioassays. Mean stomatal length and area, which were hypothesized to affect ALB feeding preference, were also measured for each of 33 cultivars and results were correlated with indices of ALB feeding (mean feces) and fecundity (mean eggs). An azalea cultivar, Fourth of July, was least preferred by ALB in both no-choice and choice tests, whereas ‘Watchet’ was most preferred. Cultivars Fourth of July and Delaware Valley White had the smallest mean stomatal areas despite their disparate susceptibilities to ALB feeding. Although stomates through which ALB insert their proboscides vary in size among azalea cultivars, they confer no obvious resistance to ALB feeding preference. Therefore, the mechanism for lace bug resistance in azalea remains elusive.

scholarly journals Optimizing Egg Recovery From Wild Northern Corn Rootworm Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2737-2743
Author(s):  
Adriano E Pereira ◽  
Dalton C Ludwick ◽  
Julie Barry ◽  
Lance J Meinke ◽  
Daniel J Moellenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Diabrotica Barberi ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Northern Corn Rootworm

Abstract The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most important insect pests in the U.S. Corn Belt. Efforts to obtain eggs from wild northern corn rootworm populations using techniques developed for other rootworm species have been unsuccessful due to lack of oviposition. In 2016, we evaluated four oviposition media in choice tests within each of three female densities in 30.5 × 30.5 × 30.5 cm BugDorm cages. The number of eggs laid per female was significantly affected by female density and the interaction of female density × oviposition media, but oviposition was relatively poor in all oviposition media (1.2 eggs per female when averaging the three female densities and all oviposition media). Single females were also evaluated in nonchoice assays in 6 cm × 6 cm × 8 cm clear plastic boxes and averaged up to 108 eggs per female depending on the oviposition media. In 2017, the cumulative number of eggs laid per female in boxes with one female was not significantly different from the number of eggs laid per female in boxes with 3 females. In 2018, the cumulative number of eggs laid per female was not significantly different between female densities of 1, 3, 5, or 10 females per box. Total egg production per box therefore increased as female density increased. More than 27,000 wild northern corn rootworm eggs were collected from just 190 females when collected relatively early in the field season. We now have an efficient and robust system for obtaining eggs from wild northern corn rootworm females.

Consumption of Amino Acid Solutions by Anastrepha suspensa Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Herbert N. Nigg ◽  
Rhonda A. Schumann ◽  
Jing J. Yang ◽  
Suzanne Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Anastrepha Suspensa ◽  
Caribbean Fruit Fly ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Males And Females

The consumption of amino acids by Anastrepha suspensa Loew (Caribbean fruit fly) was quantified by measuring individual fly consumption. For no-choice tests, there were no differences in consumption between 0.2 M sucrose and 0.2 M sucrose plus L-alanine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, or L-serine solutions. There was increased consumption of 0.05 M L-lysine by 6-d males and of 0.03 M L-valine solutions by 6-d females compared to sucrose alone. Choice tests showed higher consumption of 0.2 M sucrose plus L-lysine, L-valine, and L-glycine, particularly by 6-d-old flies. There was a 3–8X increase in consumption of 0.05 M L-valine in 0.2 M sucrose for 6-d males and females. Commercial L-lysine, L-methionine, and L-taurine were not different from controls in no-choice tests; L-cysteine was about 95% inhibitory for consumption. Based on these data, better consumed A. suspensa baits might be formulated by eliminating L-cysteine and including 0.05 M L-valine.

Feeding preferences, growth, and development of Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Brassicaceae

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ulmer ◽  
C. Gillott ◽  
M. Erlandson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Feeding

AbstractThe growth (increase in body mass) and development (progression to specific instar) of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, were examined using up to 14 plant lines from five species of brassicaceous plants. Varietal and breeding lines of Brassica napus L., B. juncea L., B. rapa L., B. carinata L., and Sinapis alba L. were selected on the basis of differing seed and foliar glucosinolate levels. No-choice feeding experiments were conducted with larvae isolated on leaf discs, individual leaves, or entire plants of each line. The no-choice tests showed that M. configurata weight gain and development varied significantly among host plants tested. Two B. juncea lines (AC Vulcan and H-Allyl) and the S. alba lines (AC Pennant and L-GS) were the poorest hosts in terms of larval weight gain, and the two B. juncea lines also significantly slowed development relative to the other lines tested. Mamestra configurata feeding preference, which was examined using a series of paired leaf disc choice tests, was also significantly different among the lines examined. Two B. juncea lines (AC Vulcan and H-Allyl) were significantly less preferred than all the other lines examined. The data extends previous work indicating that specific foliar glucosinolates, such as sinigrin, which is predominant in B. juncea, and sinalbin, which is abundant in S. alba, may provide brassicaceous crops with some protection from M. configurata. Thus, it may be possible to use foliar glucosinolate levels as predictors of M. configurata feeding damage in the development of breeding lines for the genus Brassica.

PREY PREFERENCES OF CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA L. (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) LARVAE AND RELATIONSHIP OF PREY CONSUMPTION TO PREDATOR SIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Feeding Choice ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Choice Feeding

AbstractIn feeding choice tests, first- and second-instar larvae of Calosoma sycophanta L. preferred gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), pupae as prey but third-instar larvae most often consumed caterpillars. All beetle larvae preferred female pupae over male pupae. In non-choice feeding tests, older predator larvae consumed more gypsy moth fifth-instar larvae than the larger sixth-instar larvae, but the total weights of prey eaten in both cases were similar. First-instar larvae of C. sycophanta only partially consumed prey, and caterpillar size did not affect the total numbers eaten. Beetle larvae ate as many female gypsy moth pupae as male pupae, but larger larvae consumed greater weights of the former than of the latter. As a consequence, C. sycophanta larvae fed female pupae were larger than those provided with male pupae. However, for a given increase in size, third-instar larval beetles ingested the same weight of food no matter what the prey size was. Conversely, young beetle larvae seemed to require greater amounts of the body contents of large prey for a given size increase, probably because fluids from large prey were lost during predator attack. The information gained in this study may make it possible to use sizes of field-observed C. sycophanta larvae to predict numbers of prey they have killed.

A model of egg production by Heterodera schachtii (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2085-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Caswell ◽  
Ivan J. Thomason
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Egg Production Rate ◽  
Sugarbeet Cyst Nematode ◽  
The Relationship

Egg production by the sugarbeet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, infecting sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris, was assessed at temperatures of 13, 18, 24, and 30 °C in constant-temperature tanks. The minimum-threshold temperature for degree-day accumulation relative to egg production was identified as 8 °C. The relationship between cumulative degree-days (DD) (base 8 °C) and egg production was examined. Egg production began between 160 and 270 DD after hatch and reached a maximum between 390 and 480 DD. Observed egg production (Y) across all temperatures was described as a logistic function of degree-days: Y = 202/(1 + 23726 e−0.034 DD) (r2 = 0.84; P < 0.05). The model depicts initiation of egg production at 140 DD, a maximum average egg production of 202 eggs per female reached at approximately 410 DD, and a maximum rate of egg production of 1.7 eggs/DD reached at approximately 290 DD. The accuracy of the model was limited because observed cumulative egg production was confounded by egg hatch. Accordingly, the cumulative egg production data were adjusted for egg hatch. The adjusted cumulative egg production (Y) was described as a logistic function of cumulative degree-days: Y = 420/(1 + 3319 e−0.023 DD) (r2 = 0.98; P < 0.05). The function depicts egg production initiated at approximately 120 DD. Average maximum egg production is 420 eggs per female occurring at approximately 680 DD, with a maximum egg-production rate of 2.4 eggs/DD occurring at approximately 350 DD.

The Optimum Diet of Spray-Dried Animal Blood Cells as Protein Source for Adult Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustin Sagel ◽  
Dennis R. Berkebile ◽  
John E. Foster ◽  
Steven R. Skoda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spray Dried

Spray-dried animal blood cells were evaluated as a protein source for mass rearing adult screwworms, Cochliomyia hominiorax Coquerel. Males and females were fed control diets of either a corn syrup carrageenan-gelled diet (Control 1) or corn syrup carrageenan-gelled diet plus 0.05% vitamins (Control 2). Three tests compared these control diets with eight concentrations of protein similarly formulated as the Control 2: 0.16, 0.20 or 0.24% (Test 1), 2, 4 or 6% (Test 2) and 1.25, 2.0 or 2.75% (Test 3). Differences in mean egg production, mortality, fertility and egg hatch were not significant (P = 0.05) in Test 1. The higher concentrations of protein in Test 2, concentrations of 2 and 4% protein laid significantly greater number of eggs than those fed the control diets or 6% protein. In Test 3, flies fed protein laid more eggs than did those fed the control diets. A diet of 2% protein from spray-dried-animal blood cells for may be used as an alternative to the diet used for rearing adult screwworms.

scholarly journals Termite Resistance of a Fast-Growing Pine Wood Treated by In Situ Polymerization of Three Different Precursors

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Andrey Pereira Acosta ◽  
Jalel Labidi ◽  
Kelvin Techera Barbosa ◽  
Nidria Cruz ◽  
Rafael de Avila Delucis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Choice Feeding

This study aims to compare the resistance against subterranean termites of wood–polymer composites produced by in situ polymerization. The biological tests were carried out by choice and no-choice feeding tests. Poly (furfuryl alcohol), poly(styrene) and poly (methyl methacrylate) were studied here. They were impregnated into a Brazilian fast-growing pine wood using a vacuum:pressure method and then cured under simple heating. These treatments were evaluated using chemical (by infrared spectroscopy) and morphological (by scanning electron microscopy) analyses. The termite attack was evaluated by mass loss determination and photography. In general, all the treatments were effective in protecting the fast-growing pine wood. Results obtained by no-choice tests indicated that the treatment solution with 75% of furfuryl alcohol was less effective than the others, which indicates that both choice and no-choice tests may be important in a comprehensive study on the termites resistance of solid woods.

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