scholarly journals The first Saratov professor of psychology A. A. Krogius: On the 150th anniversary of the scientist

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
Alla L. Yuzhaninova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
World Science ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Soviet Psychology ◽  
Newspaper Articles

The article is devoted to the 150th anniversary of the outstanding scientist of the XX century A. A. Krogius (1871–1933), who was at the origin of Russian experimental psychology and pedology in the early 1900s, the founder of Russian typhlopsychology. Krogius was a European-famous psychologist and worked for 12 years (1919–1931) at the Saratov University, becoming the first professor of psychology in Saratov. The article considers the features of the appearance of a successful petersburgian Krogius in provincial Saratov in 1919, presents the specifics of his work at the Saratov University, analyzes the discrepancies that appeared in the Saratov period of the scientist’s life between the principles of Soviet psychology that were being formed at that time and the methodology of Krogius’ research. Using the example of his fate and the biographical method, as well as the psychological analysis of documentary sources, newspaper articles, letters, diary entries, the author showed the peculiarities of development in the 1920s and 1930s both Russian and regional Saratov psychology, associated with the rejection of the previous scientific traditions formed in domestic psychology as part of European and world science, and the process of formation of a new Soviet psychology, sometimes associated with the destruction of the specific destinies of its participants.

scholarly journals "WEST-EAST-WEST" - LINE OF CONTINUITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
J. Arzymatov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
World Science ◽  
Natural Scientist ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
East West

In the article the author tries to show the place and role in the development of world science of the outstanding scientist of medieval Central Asia Abu Raikhan Beruni. The study of the scientific heritage of Beruni shows that in his person we have a natural scientist and a great philosopher of his time. There is reason to conclude that Beruni provided one of the moments of the continuity of the development of science in the form of a triad.

scholarly journals By an anniversary of the birth of Johann Peter Müller — 220 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
U. V. Buyvalenko ◽  
A. R. Levshina
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
World Science ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
University Of Berlin ◽  
The University ◽  
Animal World

July 14, 2021 marks the 220th anniversary of an outstanding scientist and physician — Johann Peter Müller. It is thanks to his works that we know what the «endocrine gland» is, understand the taxonomy of the animal world and the essence of ontogenesis. Professor, researcher, wonderful teacher, director of the anatomical and physiological museum of the University of Berlin — he succeeded in any role in life. Mueller’s discoveries were recognized during his lifetime, textbooks were published under his leadership, and scientific articles were published. The value of the professor’s work is high to this day, which once again proves the colossal contribution of Johann Müller in the formation of world science.

Resisting the abolition myth: Journalistic turning points in the Dutch memory of slavery

2020 ◽  
pp. 175069801990097
Author(s):  
Diantha Vliet
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
News Media ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
Racial Tension ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Newspaper Articles

The date 1 July 2013 marked the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the Netherlands, and though the Dutch memory of slavery had previously been largely silenced, the interests of the Afro-Dutch community and recent racial tension transformed the anniversary into a national commemoration. By looking at the emergence of narrative themes and agents in mainstream news media, this article asks whether the commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the Netherlands provided an opportunity for the proliferation of counter-narratives and the inclusion of ethnic memories of slavery in the official narrative. This analysis of 222 newspaper articles shows that 2013 was a turning point in the utilization of slavery memory. The narrative transitioned from an abolitionist memorial regime, telling only of the end of slavery, to a victimary regime that allowed for more open discussion on the realities and lasting consequences of slavery.

Education Project: Utopia or New Reality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Elena Tashlinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
World Science ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Education Project ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Science Philosophy

The article reveals the main specific features of Russian philosophy of the Enlightenment. The activity of the outstanding scientist Mikhail V. Lomonosov, his contribution to the development of domestic and world science and philosophy come to the forth. Russian Enlightenment is distinguished by the originality of the intellectual tradition. Knowledge of Western ideas leads to the emergence of domestic science, philosophy, literature. The desire for freedom, autonomy and progress in science during the century of Enlightenment was combined with adherence to spiritual traditions, and openness to foreign-language culture did not abolish patriotism and reverence for the state.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGY OF DIFFICULT CHILDHOOD TO THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF V.P. KASHCHENKO (1870–1943)

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-261
Author(s):  
Marina A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Education And Development

The subject of this publication is the psychological analysis of the system of pedagogical correction (therapeutic pedagogy) developed by the famous Russian educator Vsevolod Petrovich Kashchenko, specialist in the field of education of difficult children. The author concentrates on some data of V.P. Kashchenko’s scientific biography that are directly related to the opening of a unique medical and pedagogical institution in 1908 — a sanatorium-school for disabled children. It led to the emergence of a network of special institutions for children with developmental disabilities in the years to follow, especially in the Soviet period. Methods. The article analyzes the terms used by V.P. Kashchenko: “defective child”, “difficult child”, “special childhood”. The concept of “difficult child” was introduced by V.P. Kashchenko to denote a group of children with marked behavioral disorders and character traits that disrupt their successful socialization, and in particular cause problems in learning the curriculum, and often lead to asocial behavior in school years. Subsequently, the meaning of this term changed, but now it is used in a sense close to how it was regarded by V.P. Kashchenko. Results. General characteristics of V.P. Kashchenko’s effective and practically proven system of education for children with behavioral disorders are given. An attempt is made to identify the psychological foundations of V.P. Kashchenko’s pedagogical correction. The main principle is social conditioning of children’s exclusivity, in particular difficult character traits, that are corrected by the complex system of methods developed by V.P. Kashchenko. The psychological analysis of V.P. Kashchenko’s pedagogical system is based on the ideas of Russian scientists on the unity of education and development, the commonality of the laws of mental development of normal children and those with developmental disorders. It is concluded that it is reasonable to refer to V.P. Kashchenko’s scientific heritage as a source of psychological and pedagogical information in the field of raising children with developmental disorders. The article is dedicated to V.P. Kashchenko 150th anniversary celebrated this year

Beyond Intelligence Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Nicolas ◽  
Zachary Levine
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Intelligence Testing ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The Many

Though Alfred Binet was a prolific writer, many of his 1893–1903 works are not well known. This is partly due to a lack of English translations of the many important papers and books that he and his collaborators created during this period. Binet’s insights into intelligence testing are widely celebrated, but the centennial of his death provides an occasion to reexamine his other psychological examinations. His studies included many diverse aspects of mental life, including memory research and the science of testimony. Indeed, Binet was a pioneer of psychology and produced important research on cognitive and experimental psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, and applied psychology. This paper seeks to elucidate these aspects of his work.

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