Education Project: Utopia or New Reality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Elena Tashlinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
World Science ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Education Project ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Science Philosophy

The article reveals the main specific features of Russian philosophy of the Enlightenment. The activity of the outstanding scientist Mikhail V. Lomonosov, his contribution to the development of domestic and world science and philosophy come to the forth. Russian Enlightenment is distinguished by the originality of the intellectual tradition. Knowledge of Western ideas leads to the emergence of domestic science, philosophy, literature. The desire for freedom, autonomy and progress in science during the century of Enlightenment was combined with adherence to spiritual traditions, and openness to foreign-language culture did not abolish patriotism and reverence for the state.

scholarly journals Russian Philosophy on the National Identity of National Science

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Saberova Marina Shamilyevna ◽  
Andrei Nikolayevich Osyanin ◽  
Pavel Yuryevich Shkapov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
World Science ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Social Unity

The paper discusses the issues of preserving the identity of national culture in the context of globali-zation. The authors emphasize that the maintenance of national identity means the formation and preser-vation of the national and cultural identity of socie-ty, which in turn is the key to social unity, a condi-tion for overcoming the most difficult problems. This research is based on the positions of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of history and phi-losophy of science, social philosophy, philosophy of culture, and philosophical anthropology. This study attempts to study the features of the national scientific culture, the manifestations of national and international elements in it. It becomes obvious that modern domestic science is a kind of collaboration of world science and certain reactions of the domes-tic scientific community, due to the heritage of the national scientific culture. Today, it is especially important to preserve the best traditions of Russian scientific culture and develop them using the achievements of world science.

A Russian Mystic Faces the Age of Rationalism and Revolution: Thought and Activity of Ivan Vladimirovich Lopukhin

1967 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-188
Author(s):  
Alexander Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
Extreme Degree ◽  
State Of Mind

It is generally accepted that even though rationalism was predominant during the eighteenth century, a significant mystical trend was simultaneously present. Thus it was not only the Age of Voltaire, Diderot, and Holbach, but also the Age of St. Martin, Eckartshausen and Madame Guyon. With increased Western influence on Russia, it was natural that Russia too would be affected by these contrary currents. The reforms of Peter the Great, animated by a utilitarian spirit, had brought about a secularization of Russian culture. Father Florovsky aptly summed up the state of mind of the Russian nobility as a result of the Petrine Revolution: “The consciousness of these new people had been extroverted to an extreme degree.” Some of the “new people,” indifferent to their previous Weltanschauung, Orthodoxy, adopted the philosophy of the Enlightenment, “Volter'ianstvo” (Voltairism). But “Volter'ianstvo” with its cult of reason and belief in a remote creator of the “world machine,“ did not permanently satisfy those with deeper religious longings. While conventional Orthodoxy, with its emphasis on external rites, could not fill the spiritual vacuum, Western mysticism, entering Russia chiefly through freemasonry, provided a satisfactory alternative to “Volter'ianstvo.”

Moral und Hypermoral

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Gehlen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Evolutionary Interpretation

Moral and Hypermoral, Arnold Gehlen´s final book-length publication, is an elaboration on basic theses which had initially been brought forward in Gehlen´s anthropological magnum opus "Der Mensch". In this respect, this draft of a "pluralistic ethics" is conceived as an elaboration on as well as a concretion of his doctrine of man. In this book, Gehlen set himself the task of combining anthropology, behavioral science, and sociology in a “genealogy of morality”, thus exposing four interdependent forms of ethics: from an ethos of "reciprocity" via “eudaimonism” and “humanitarianism” to an ethos of institutions, including the state. Gehlen made a decisive stand against the "abstract ethics of the Enlightenment": systematically, his book is primarily an anthropological justification of ethics, conceived as a "majority of moral authorities" and "social regulations." These are not subjected to an evolutionary interpretation, that is, as progress from an ethics of proximity to a world-encompassing morality. Moralities, whether based on instinct or arising from the needs of particular institutions, are always culturally shaped and set on different levels of abstraction. With its broad scope, the book belongs in the context of basic philosophical-sociological research known as philosophical anthropology.

“Russian” Spengler and the Destiny of World History in Russian Philosophy in the Beginning of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Alexandra I. Vakulinskaya
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
In The Beginning

This article deals with the history of Russian philosophers ‘acquaintance with the ideas of O. Spengler, set forth in his work “The Decline of the West”. The authors point out that the initial orientation of Russian thought towards Historiosophy, problems of history and ontology became the key factor of Spengler’s popularity in Russia. The article considers and analyzes critical and methodological approaches to the theory of cultural and historical types by O. Spengler and N. Ya. Danilevsky within the framework of Russian philosophical thought. The authors pay attention to the ideological influence of the United States as the country which adheres to the ideas of the Enlightenment, as well as to German thinkers, who visited this country in the early twentieth century. It is concluded that the global scenario of the human civilization development, that used to be the mainstream of its formation before the events of the beginning of this year, is unsuitable and untenable. The authors insist on the important role of the theory of cultural and historical types supported and developed by Russian emigration representatives, and focus on the importance of the religious factor in the process of cultural revival.

Interaction of Russian business with science: Points of contact and stumbling blocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-138
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Simachev ◽  
M. G. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The Impact

The paper assesses the influence of science–business cooperation on the activity of firms, analyzes the factors of interaction of Russian companies with academic organizations and universities in the research sphere, identifies barriers to the development of cooperation between business and science. It has been established that companies whose source of innovation was external R&D were more likely to grow over the past 5 years and to create new products. However, a significant effect of the impact of cooperation with domestic research organizations was found only for the dynamics of exports. It is shown that cooperation with domestic science is more typical for high-tech industries and large Russian businesses. The factor inducing firms to outsource research is a significant level of competition. The high cost of external research services and their insufficient quality hinder the development of scientific and production cooperation. One can point to such a barrier as low interest of research organizations in the volume of orders that firms can offer. This is caused by weak institutional change in the Russian science, preservation of its orientation at the state and major players, which significantly limits the opportunities for institutional interaction of small innovative firms with science. It has been shown that the state quite effectively “pushes” companies to interact with research organizations and universities, but the results of such interaction are often unsatisfactory for firms.

Foreign Language Offerings and Enrollments in Public High Schools

PMLA ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 70 (4-Part2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers ◽  
State Department Of Education

The Accompanying table gives the most recent data obtainable on the extent to which foreign languages are offered and studied in public secondary schools in the United States. The last national survey was made by the U. S. Office of Education in 1948–49, and comparisons are made with the results of this survey to show the subsequent gain or loss in each state for which more recent figures could be obtained. For some states the data are incomplete because the state department of education does not know, and apparently does not care to find out, what the pupils in the high schools are currently studying. In seventeen states, the information existed only on reports filed by each high school, and it was assembled through the help of foreign language teachers who went to the state department of education and spent days tabulating the reports.

Russian Enlightenment as a Source of National Philosophy Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-1) ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Ivan Kokovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
The West ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

The study is devoted to the philosophical understanding of the problem of the cultural origins of Russian philosophy. In the author’s opinion, the source of diversity of modern approaches to the phenomenon of Russian Philosophy is, first of all, the absence of a unified methodological approach. The diversity of research on the phenomenon of the Russian philosophy origins is also a consequence of research susceptibility to certain methodological influences. The paper aims to identify a number of philosophical, historical, literary approaches to the problem of the genesis of the eighteenth century Russian Enlightenment. It is necessary to clarify the mechanisms and procedures for the reception of Western European ideas and concepts by Russian Enlightenment during the eighteenth century. On the basis of adaptation of natural law terms, the author considers certain trends in the theory of reconstruction of the Enlightenment phenomenon in Russia. He reveals a number of significant features of the process of reconstruction of the Enlightenment ideology formation on Russian soil, including the idea that European concepts and theories are assimilated by the domestic semiosphere in the form in which they existed in the culture of the West. The author highlights the idea, that researchers were convinced that Russia of the XVIII century already had a national philosophy. The paper also draws attention to the lack of analytical interest in the problems of transformation of the language of expression of political phenomena. In the same row, there is also the idea that the process of reception of the enlightenment heritage of the West had a revolutionary, not an evolutionary, specificity, and was devoid of cultural prerequisites. Basing on the material of historical and historical-philosophical studies, the author considers the possibilities of constructing a methodologically integral reconstruction, chronologically covering the entire period of the XVIII century. The research methodology is based on the approach that includes an analytical description of the problems of the thematic fields of discourse, concepts and theories of the Enlightenment on the Russian soil. The result of the analysis is the systematization of contradictions in the process of analyzing the phenomena of the Russian Enlightenment in the XVIII century.

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