Beyond Intelligence Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Nicolas ◽  
Zachary Levine
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Intelligence Testing ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The Many

Though Alfred Binet was a prolific writer, many of his 1893–1903 works are not well known. This is partly due to a lack of English translations of the many important papers and books that he and his collaborators created during this period. Binet’s insights into intelligence testing are widely celebrated, but the centennial of his death provides an occasion to reexamine his other psychological examinations. His studies included many diverse aspects of mental life, including memory research and the science of testimony. Indeed, Binet was a pioneer of psychology and produced important research on cognitive and experimental psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, and applied psychology. This paper seeks to elucidate these aspects of his work.

scholarly journals Distributions of p-values smaller than .05 in Psychology: What is going on?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris HJ Hartgerink ◽  
Robbie CM van Aert ◽  
Michèle B Nuijten ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts ◽  
Marcel ALM van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
P Values ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Over Time

Previous studies provided mixed findings on pecularities in p-value distributions in psychology. This paper examined 258,050 test results across 30,710 articles from eight high impact journals to investigate the existence of a peculiar prevalence of p-values just below .05 in the psychological literature, and a potential increase thereof over time. We indeed found evidence for a bump just below .05 in the distribution of exactly reported p-values in the journals Developmental Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, and Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, but the bump did not increase over the years and disappeared when using recalculated p-values. We found clear and direct evidence for the QRP ”incorrect rounding of p-value” (John et al., 2012) in all psychology journals. Finally, we also investigated monotonic excess of p-values, an effect of certain QRPs that has been neglected in previous research, and developed two measures to detect this by modeling the distributions of statistically significant p-values. Using simulations and applying the two measures to the retrieved test results, we argue that, although one of the measures suggests the use of QRPs in psychology, it is difficult to draw general conclusions concerning QRPs based on modeling of p-value distributions.

Collaborative Remembering

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Collaborative Memory ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many

Much information in our lives is remembered in a social context, as we often reminisce about shared experiences with others, and more generally remember in the social context of our communities and our cultures. Memory researchers across disciplines and subdisciplines are actively exploring collaborative remembering. However, despite this common interest and growing research area, there is currently relatively little crosstalk between perspectives. This is at least partly due to differences in the assumptions, methodologies, and conclusions that guide different approaches, and which can make it difficult to synthesize and compare methods and findings. The primary purpose of this book is to feature outstanding recent work on collaborative remembering across several fields and subfields (including developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, discourse processing, philosophy, neuropsychology, design, and media studies), to highlight the points of overlap and contrast, and to initiate conversations and debate both within and across the various perspectives. Toward that end, we present a comprehensive and field-defining set of chapters that illustrate the many different perspectives of collaborative memory research, and demonstrate the nuance and complexity of collaborative remembering within and across research traditions.

scholarly journals Distributions of p-values smaller than .05 in Psychology: What is going on?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris HJ Hartgerink ◽  
Robbie CM van Aert ◽  
Michèle B Nuijten ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts ◽  
Marcel ALM van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
P Values ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Over Time

Previous studies provided mixed findings on pecularities in p-value distributions in psychology. This paper examined 258,050 test results across 30,710 articles from eight high impact journals to investigate the existence of a peculiar prevalence of p-values just below .05 in the psychological literature, and a potential increase thereof over time. We indeed found evidence for a bump just below .05 in the distribution of exactly reported p-values in the journals Developmental Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, and Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, but the bump did not increase over the years and disappeared when using recalculated p-values. We found clear and direct evidence for the QRP ”incorrect rounding of p-value” (John et al., 2012) in all psychology journals. Finally, we also investigated monotonic excess of p-values, an effect of certain QRPs that has been neglected in previous research, and developed two measures to detect this by modeling the distributions of statistically significant p-values. Using simulations and applying the two measures to the retrieved test results, we argue that, although one of the measures suggests the use of QRPs in psychology, it is difficult to draw general conclusions concerning QRPs based on modeling of p-value distributions.

scholarly journals Distributions of p-values smaller than .05 in Psychology: What is going on?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris HJ Hartgerink ◽  
Robbie CM van Aert ◽  
Michèle B Nuijten ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts ◽  
Marcel ALM van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
P Values ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Over Time

Previous studies provided mixed findings on pecularities in p-value distributions in psychology. This paper examined 258,050 test results across 30,710 articles from eight high impact journals to investigate the existence of a peculiar prevalence of p-values just below .05 in the psychological literature, and a potential increase thereof over time. We indeed found evidence for a bump just below .05 in the distribution of exactly reported p-values in the journals Developmental Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, and Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, but the bump did not increase over the years and disappeared when using recalculated p-values. We found clear and direct evidence for the QRP ”incorrect rounding of p-value” (John et al., 2012) in all psychology journals. Finally, we also investigated monotonic excess of p-values, an effect of certain QRPs that has been neglected in previous research, and developed two measures to detect this by modeling the distributions of statistically significant p-values. Using simulations and applying the two measures to the retrieved test results, we argue that, although one of the measures suggests the use of QRPs in psychology, it is difficult to draw general conclusions concerning QRPs based on modeling of p-value distributions.

scholarly journals Distributions ofp-values smaller than .05 in psychology: what is going on?

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H.J. Hartgerink ◽  
Robbie C.M. van Aert ◽  
Michèle B. Nuijten ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts ◽  
Marcel A.L.M. van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Potential Increase ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Over Time

Previous studies provided mixed findings on pecularities inp-value distributions in psychology. This paper examined 258,050 test results across 30,710 articles from eight high impact journals to investigate the existence of a peculiar prevalence ofp-values just below .05 (i.e., a bump) in the psychological literature, and a potential increase thereof over time. We indeed found evidence for a bump just below .05 in the distribution of exactly reportedp-values in the journals Developmental Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, and Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, but the bump did not increase over the years and disappeared when using recalculatedp-values. We found clear and direct evidence for the QRP “incorrect rounding ofp-value” (John, Loewenstein & Prelec, 2012) in all psychology journals. Finally, we also investigated monotonic excess ofp-values, an effect of certain QRPs that has been neglected in previous research, and developed two measures to detect this by modeling the distributions of statistically significantp-values. Using simulations and applying the two measures to the retrieved test results, we argue that, although one of the measures suggests the use of QRPs in psychology, it is difficult to draw general conclusions concerning QRPs based on modeling ofp-value distributions.

Bringing Social Justice into the Statistics Classroom

2020 ◽  
pp. 009862832097987
Author(s):  
Tamera Garlington ◽  
Valerie M. Ryan ◽  
Catherine Nolty ◽  
Hannah Ilagan ◽  
Zachary J. Kunicki
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Student's Attitudes

Social justice is an American Psychological Association (APA) ethical principal which is often taught in content courses (e.g. social psychology, developmental psychology, introductory psychology) but rarely covered in psychological statistics courses. This is problematic, as psychology students may assume that bias is not an issue when implementing statistical tests and interpreting their results if social justice topics are not incorporated into statistics classrooms. The current study evaluated student’s attitudes toward a social justice lecture in a statistics classroom ( N = 100 students). Results show students had more favorable attitudes toward social justice and agreed it was important to cover in statistics classrooms. Future research should extend this work by seeking to replicate these findings and evaluating additional pedagogical tools to incorporate social justice into the statistics classroom.

Research trends in sociological studies on social security and welfare

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110053
Author(s):  
Koichi Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Broad Overview

This article reviews the research trends in welfare sociology (sociological studies on social security and welfare), one of the many subfields of active research in sociology in Japan. For this purpose, several research streams formed from the 1970s to the 2000s are described, and some of the most important research results produced within these in the past two decades are introduced. In the latter part of this article, a broad overview of the research trends in Japanese welfare sociology is attempted by focusing on the contents of the journal published by the Japan Welfare Sociology Association (JWSA).

scholarly journals How Good Are We At Evaluating Communicated Information?

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Hugo Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Large Groups

AbstractAre we gullible? Can we be easily influenced by what others tell us, even if they do not deserve our trust? Many strands of research, from social psychology to cultural evolution suggest that humans are by nature conformist and eager to follow prestigious leaders. By contrast, an evolutionary perspective suggests that humans should be vigilant towards communicated information, so as not to be misled too often. Work in experimental psychology shows that humans are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms that allow them to carefully evaluate communicated information. These open vigilance mechanisms lead us to reject messages that clash with our prior beliefs, unless the source of the message has earned our trust, or provides good arguments, in which case we can adaptively change our minds. These mechanisms make us largely immune to mass persuasion, explaining why propaganda, political campaigns, advertising, and other attempts at persuading large groups nearly always fall in deaf ears. However, some false beliefs manage to spread through communication. I argue that most popular false beliefs are held reflectively, which means that they have little effect on our thoughts and behaviors, and that many false beliefs can be socially beneficial. Accepting such beliefs thus reflects a much weaker failure in our evaluation of communicated information than might at first appear.

Tracing Bio-Political and Eugenic Connections in Education and Treatment of ‘Youth Problems’

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Judith Bessant
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Intelligence Testing ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
Student Violence ◽  
Biological Explanations ◽  
The Many

Against a backdrop of increasing popular concern about teenage street ‘gangs’, student violence in schools, high levels of youth joblessness and its perceived relationship to crime, substance abuse, suicide and homelessness, this article explores some of the biological explanations of ‘juvenile anti-social behaviour’. One of the many spheres in which eugenics has been influential is education, particularly in its application of psychology, intelligence testing and similar mechanisms for ensuring citizenship and the self-governance of young people. The article contextualises and critically analyses some of the current debates about education and young people within a critical historical analysis of eugenics.

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