New Generation Vaccines for COVID-19 Based on Peptide, Viral Vector, Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell, DNA or mRNA

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Rezaei ◽  
Mahboobeh Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Artificial Antigen ◽  
Attenuated Virus ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
New Generation

At present, effective vaccines have been developed as the most successful approaches for preventing widespread infectious disease. The global efforts are focusing with the aim of eliminating and overcoming the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are developing vaccines from the date it was announced as a pandemic disease. In this study, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrial.gov, WHO reports, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer databases were searched for finding the relevant studies about the COVID-19 vaccines. This article provides an overview of multiple vaccines that have been manufactured from December 2020 up to April 2021 and also offers a perspective on their efficacy, safety, advantages, and limitations. Currently, there are several categories of COVID-19 vaccines based on Protein Subunit (PS), Inactivated Virus (IV), Virus Like Particle (VLP), Live Attenuated Virus (LAV), Viral Vector (replicating) (VVr) and Viral Vector (non-replicating) (VVnr) in progress or finalized as indicated by the WHO reporting of April 1, 2020.

Indian Lifestyle With Ayurveda Perspective During Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1396-1399
Author(s):  
Disha Bhatero ◽  
Punam Sawarkar ◽  
Gaurav Sawarkar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by novel Coronavirus. The overall prevalence rate of Covid-19 in Worldwide ( 9.94M )& it is (529 K) & (153 K) in India and Maharashtra. This situation can be considered under JanapadodhwansaVyadhi in Ayurveda. The primary purpose of Ayurveda  is the prevention of the disease in healthy individuals and eradication of disease, which are curable. Immunity comes under the Vyadhikshamatva. Further, Covid-19 infection is correlated with Vataj-Kaphaj Jwara. In Ayurveda Rasayana therapy to boost up immunity (Bala  & Vyadhikshamatva). The present study aimed to explore the concept of infectious disease and its prevention through different lifestyles described in Ayurveda. The above need-based information is collected from various Ayurvedicliterature (Laghutrayee, Bruhatryayi) along with numerous research articles from databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar. All collected data were depicted in narrative form and tabular manner under different heads. Considering the above aspect in the prevention of Covid-19, the role of Ayurveda intervention may be proved more beneficial in Covid-19. Further, adoption of code of conduct may efficiently overcome the current pandemic situation by maintaining good immunity & implementation of Ahar, Vihar Vidhis, Dincharya, and Rutucharya& Sadvritta  for improving disease resistance.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Cationic Polymer Blends for Fabrication of Enhanced Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Treat Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 7913-7923
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Rhodes ◽  
Ariel Isser ◽  
John W. Hickey ◽  
Elana Ben-Akiva ◽  
Randall A. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
Artificial Antigen ◽  
Antigen Presenting

scholarly journals Bioengineering of Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells and Lymphoid Organs

Theranostics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 3504-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Wujin Sun ◽  
Yanqi Ye ◽  
Hunter N. Bomba ◽  
Zhen Gu
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Artificial Antigen ◽  
Antigen Presenting

A phase 1 study of RTX-321, an engineered red blood cell as an artificial antigen-presenting cell expressing HLA-A*02 with the HPV-16 E7 peptide and 4-1BB ligand with membrane-bound IL-12 for the treatment of HPV 16-positive cancers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS2664-TPS2664
Author(s):  
Johanna C. Bendell ◽  
Alexander I. Spira ◽  
Ramez Nassef Eskander ◽  
Ezra E.W. Cohen ◽  
Geoffrey Kuesters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Dose Escalation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Costimulatory Molecule ◽  
Cellular Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Artificial Antigen ◽  
Antigen Presenting

TPS2664 Background: High-risk strains of HPV (HPV 16/18) have been associated with the development of multiple cancers, and the associated viral antigens are validated targets from immunotherapy approaches. We engineered red blood cells into allogeneic, off-the-shelf, artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) that express a human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 peptide bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01, the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB ligand (L), and the cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 on the cell surface. This aAPC, RTX-321, activated HPV specific T-cells and promoted effector function in vitro. In animal models using a murine surrogate system, this aAPC approach resulted in robust antigen-specific T-cell expansion, NK cell expansion, tumor control, memory formation and antigen spreading, which led to a broad and robust antitumor immune response . The presence of 4-1BBL and IL-12 induced minimal toxicities in these models due to restriction of the biodistribution of the aAPC to the vasculature and spleen. RTX-321 is a potential in vivo cellular immunotherapy for treating HPV 16-positive cancers including cervical, head and neck and anal cancers. Methods: The RTX-321-01 study is a phase 1 multi-center, dose-escalation study of RTX-321 administered intravenously every 3 weeks in HLA-A*02:01-positive patients with relapsed or refractory HPV 16-positive cancers of the cervix or anal canal, or squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (HNSCC). Patients with cervical cancer or HNSCC will undergo testing for the presence of the HPV 16 virus or provide confirmation from archival tumor tissue prior to enrollment. Patients with anal cancer will not be required to have prospective determination of HPV 16-positive status prior to enrollment given the high incidence in this indication (approximately 80-85 percent of anal cancers). Approximately 18 patients will be enrolled across dose level cohorts to identify the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of RTX-321, followed by RP2D expansion cohorts in specific indications. The starting dose is 1 billion (1x109) cells administered intravenously every 3 weeks (Q3W) and the dose will escalate by half-log increments, following a Bayesian logarithmic regression model (BLRM) with overdose control. Translational studies will investigate the activation and expansion of HPV16 E7 antigen-specific responses as well as broad innate and adaptive responses in multiple peripheral blood samples over the first 3 cycles of therapy as well as in optional paired tumor biopsies. At this time, the study is open and enrolling patients in the first dose escalation cohort (NCT04672980). Clinical trial information: NCT04672980.

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