scholarly journals The Effect of Ergogenic Supplements and Mediterranean Diet on Cycling Performance. Differences According to Duration and Intensity.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Sousana Papadopoulou ◽  
Elpiniki Kroustalloudi ◽  
Ioannis Pagkalos ◽  
Anna Kokkinopoulou ◽  
Maria Hassapidou
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Ergogenic Aids ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Aims: To record the prevalence and the type of supplement use among cyclists and to estimate the effect of caffeine, carbohydrates, energy drinks and meddiet score on 200m and 4km cycling time-trial performances in a Greek sample.Methods: Fifty male cycling athletes aged 32±20 years participated in a randomized, double-blind study. The subjects were submitted to anthropometric measurements and body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance. All participants completed the meddiet Score questionnaire and a validated questionnaire about their ergogenic aids’ preference. The athletes performed two cycling trials (200m and 4km) and their records were taken down and were evaluated according to their consumption of caffeine, carbohydrates and energy drinks and their meddiet score. For the statistical analysis SPSS, v20 was used.Results: Greek cyclists had a mean BMI value of 23.65±2.74 and a mean body fat percentage of 15.82±8.33. Endurance and speed performances were improved with caffeine consumption when compared to no consumption (7.42±3.92min vs 12.5±3.16min, p<0.001 and 20.75±15.69sec vs 34.07±16.25sec, p<0.05, respectively), as well as with energy drinks’ consumption (8.77±4.15min vs 13.25±2.47min, p<0.001 and 20.35±14.08sec vs 39.14±14.38sec, p<0.001, respectively). Carbohydrates’ intake improved performance in the endurance test (7.60±3.72min vs 12.86±2.92min, p<0.001), but did not have a positive influence in the speed test (25.73±18.68sec vs 33.08±15.95sec, p>0.05).Conclusions: Ergogenic aids had a positive effect on the athletic performance in terms of speed and endurance in cyclists. 

Influence of Caffeine and Sodium Citrate Ingestion on 1,500-m Exercise Performance in Elite Wheelchair Athletes: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Leonie Flueck ◽  
Samuel Mettler ◽  
Claudio Perret
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Ergogenic Effect ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Wheelchair Athletes ◽  
National Team

The aim of this study was to investigate whether caffeine and/or sodium citrate have an ergogenic effect on the 1,500-m exercise performance in elite wheelchair athletes. A placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over and double-blind study design was conducted with the four treatments placebo, caffeine, sodium citrate and the combination of caffeine and sodium citrate. Nine healthy, elite wheelchair-racing athletes (median: [min; max] age: 28 y [23; 54]; height: 173 cm [165; 188]; weight: 62.9 kg [48.9; 68.4], category T53/54) completed the study. All athletes were national team members, including several Paralympic Games, World and European Championship medalists. The athletes performed a 1,500-m time trial four times on a wheelchair training roller. Time to complete 1,500-m, pH, bicarbonate and sodium concentration as well as lactate concentration were measured. The time to complete 1,500-m was not significantly different between the four treatments (placebo: 170.6 s [141.7; 232.0]; caffeine: 179.5 s [134.8; 239.6]; sodium citrate: 178.3 s [136.4; 247.1]; combination: 177.6 s [136.1; 256.2]). However, pH and bicarbonate concentrations were significantly increased with sodium citrate ingestion compared with placebo. Moreover, maximal lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the caffeine and the combination treatment compared with placebo. The supplementation with sodium citrate and/or caffeine did not provide an ergogenic effect on the 1,500-m exercise performance in wheelchair elite athletes.

Cocoa and unripe banana flour beverages improve anthropometric and biochemical markers in overweight women: A randomised double-blind study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fernanda Laurides Ribeiro de Oliveira Lomeu ◽  
Camilla Ribeiro Vieira ◽  
Flávia Della Lucia ◽  
Sandra Maria Oliveira Moraes Veiga ◽  
Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Banana Flour ◽  
Unripe Banana Flour

Abstract. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a functional cocoa and unripe banana flour (UBF) beverage intake on the anthropometric and biochemical markers of overweight women. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial involved 60 female volunteers aged between 20 and 50 years. One group received a cocoa beverage (n = 30) and one group received a cocoa and UBF beverage (n = 30), for 6 weeks. The cocoa beverage showed 3.07 total g dietary fiber/serving and 29.55 mg gallic acid equivalentes/portion (GAE/portion). Cocoa and UBF beverage contained 8.48% resistant starch by weight, 4.37 g dietary fiber/full portion and 69.24 mg GAE/portion. Weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions were evaluated. Results: The UBF and cocoa beverage reduced waist circumference (−2.03 cm, P < 0.001) and the cocoa beverage reduced total cholesterol (−19.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and the LDL/HDL ratio (−0.32, P < 0.001); in addition, both beverages promoted the reduction of body fat percentage (−1.98%, P = 0.001 and −1.15%, P < 0.001 Cocoa/UPF group and Cocoa group respectively). Conclusion: The additional dietary fiber did not further improve health status.

scholarly journals Habitual Caffeine Consumption Does Not Affect the Ergogenicity of Coffee Ingestion During a 5 km Cycling Time Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neil D. Clarke ◽  
Darren L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Caffeinated Coffee ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

There is growing evidence that caffeine and coffee ingestion prior to exercise provide similar ergogenic benefits. However, there has been a long-standing paradigm that habitual caffeine intake may influence the ergogenicity of caffeine supplementation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of habitual caffeine intake on 5-km cycling time-trial performance following the ingestion of caffeinated coffee. Following institutional ethical approval, in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled design, 46 recreationally active participants (27 men and 19 women) completed a 5-km cycling time trial on a cycle ergometer 60 m in following the ingestion of 0.09 g/kg coffee providing 3 mg/kg of caffeine, or a placebo. Habitual caffeine consumption was assessed using a caffeine consumption questionnaire with low habitual caffeine consumption defined as <3 and ≥6 mg · kg−1 · day−1 defined as high. An analysis of covariance using habitual caffeine intake as a covariant was performed to establish if habitual caffeine consumption had an impact on the ergogenic effect of coffee ingestion. Sixteen participants were classified as high-caffeine users and 30 as low. Ingesting caffeinated coffee improved 5-km cycling time-trial performance by 8 ± 12 s; 95% confidence interval (CI) [5, 13]; p < .001; d = 0.30, with low, 9±14 s; 95% CI [3, 14]; p = .002; d = 0.18, and high, 8 ± 10 s; 95% CI [−1, 17]; p = .008; d = 0.06, users improving by a similar magnitude, 95% CI [−12, 12]; p = .946; d = 0.08. In conclusion, habitual caffeine consumption did not affect the ergogenicity of coffee ingestion prior to a 5-km cycling time trial.

Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Consumption in a 3-min All-Out Arm Crank Test in Paraplegic and Tetraplegic Compared With Able-Bodied Individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Leonie Flueck ◽  
Martina Lienert ◽  
Fabienne Schaufelberger ◽  
Jörg Krebs ◽  
Claudio Perret
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ergogenic Effects ◽  
High Interindividual Variability ◽  
Arm Crank Ergometer

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of caffeine supplementation on 3-min all-out arm crank exercise performance in paraplegic (P) and tetraplegic (T) compared with able-bodied (AB) participants. A placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover, and double-blind study design was chosen to investigate the differences between caffeine (CAF) and placebo (PLC). In total, 34 healthy, trained participants were tested. Seventeen were AB (median [minimum; maximum] VO2peak: 33.9 mL/min/kg [23.6; 57.6]), 10 were P (VO2peak: 34.4 mL/min/kg [19.5; 48.8]), and 7 were T (VO2peak: 13.6 mL/min/kg [8.6; 16.3]). All participants performed two 3-min all-out tests on an arm crank ergometer following the ingestion of either PLC or CAF. Power output parameters, plasma caffeine (PC), epinephrine (EPI), and norepinephrine (NOR) concentrations were assessed. CAF significantly increased average power over the first 30 s (p = .028) and 60 s (p = .005) in P, but not in T (p = .61; p = .87) nor in AB (p = .25; p = .44). Peak power was increased in the CAF trial in AB (+46 W) as well as in P (+21 W) but was not significantly different from PLC (AB: p = .10; P: p = .17). PC significantly increased in all groups (AB: p = .002; P: p = .005; T: p = .018) whereas EPI showed a significant increase only in AB (p = .002) and in P (p = .018). NOR increased significantly in AB (p = .018) but did not increase in the other groups. Caffeine seems to enhance short-duration exercise performance in P. In contrast, T showed a high interindividual variability and overall no ergogenic effect was detected in this group.

scholarly journals Effects of short-term caffeine consumption on speech and sound reception in individuals with normal hearing

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Taghavi ◽  
Ahmad Geshani ◽  
Nematollah Rouhbakhsh ◽  
Shoreh Jalaie ◽  
Akram Pourbakht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Noise Tolerance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acceptable Noise Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sound Reception

Background and Aim: Caffeine consumes targeted attention to the signal, which is expected to lead to increased noise tolerance and ultimately improved speech perception. In the current study, the effect of short-term caffeine consumption on speech and noise simultaneous reception function was evaluated using acceptable noise level (ANL) test.Methods: In this interventional double-blind study, 90 cases (45 male, 45 female) aged 18−34 years were randomly assigned into three groups: the test groups, 3 and 5 mg/kg caffeine, and the control group, just placebo. The ANL test was recorded before and one hour after intervention. The results were compared before and after taking caffeine in three groups.Results: The statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in ANL result in dose 3 mg/kg caffeine before and one hour after intervention (p=0.043) and there was a significant difference in ANL result in dose 5 mg/kg caffeine before and one hour after intervention (p=0.001). Also, there was a significant difference in ANL before and one hour after taking caffeine between the group receiving 3 mg/kg dose of caffeine and the 5 mg/kg dose of caffeine (p=0.015).Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, after an hour of caffeine consumption, the ANL decreases. In other words, the individuals tolerate higher levels of speech noise. This is also dependent on the dose of caffeine.

scholarly journals The Influence of Caffeine and Genistein Ingestion on Plasma Triglycerides Status in Male Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Mateusz Danielik ◽  
Karolina Łoźna ◽  
Monika Bronkowska
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Triglyceride Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Background Scientific literature provides more and more information on compounds supporting fat metabolism. More research is needed to fully characterize the effects of compounds that increase concentration triglycerides. The aim of our study was to test the influence of caffeine and genistein consumption on triglyceride status in athletes.Methods Fourteen Polish adult sub-elite soccer players (23.1 ± 2.1 years; 179.6 ± 8.5 cm; 74.1 ± 8.5 kg; 12.4 ± 3.8% body fat) were accepted for research. The athletes for this randomized, double-blind study were joining fasted. After consuming a standardized milk meal, participants took caffeine (400 mg), genistein (120 mg), or placebo (400 mg of vitamin C). Athletes ate the compound if it saw a sequentially increase and decrease in triglyceride concentration after eating the test meal. Participants had their glucose levels measured every 15 minutes with a glucometer (Accu-Chek Active) and their triglyceride levels with CardioChek PA. The subject was terminating the study when he had sequentially increased and decreased triglyceride concentration after the compound. If no such reaction occurred, measurements were taken for up to 90 minutes. In order to determine statistically significant differences between the variables, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney tests were used. The significance level of α = 0.05 was adopted for both of these tests. The relationships between the variables were determined using the Spearman R correlation. The correlations were statistically significant at p ≤ 0.100.Results A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the initial and maximum triglyceride concentration after caffeine consumption compared to placebo (p = 0.049). After consuming caffeine, the athletes had a significant difference in trigliceride concentration at 30 min (p = 0.018) and 60 min (p = 0.036) compared to placebo. In the group taking genistein, only a statistically significant difference was noticed compared to placebo only in 60 min (p = 0.029).Conclusion Our research results show that after acute caffeine and genistein supplementation, triglyceride concentration increase in soccer players.

scholarly journals Caffeine, Energy Beverage Consumption, Fitness, and Sleep in U.S. Army Aviation Personnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 641-650
Author(s):  
Asma S. Bukhari ◽  
John A. Caldwell ◽  
Adam J. DiChiara ◽  
Ellen P. Merrill ◽  
Alan O. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Additional Education

BACKGROUND: Caffeine-containing products and dietary supplements are widely used by military populations, but little is known about their use by aviation personnel. This study assessed self-reported sleep, fitness, work-schedules, and caffeine/energy drink use.METHODS: A standardized survey was conducted in person by study personnel using tablet computers. A total of 188 aircrew members from the Combat Aviation Brigade at Fort Campbell, KY, participated in the survey. Focus groups were conducted with a subset of 47 subjects.RESULTS: The majority of subjects reported their physical fitness, health, and diets were good. They reported sleeping about 6 h per day and stated they needed additional sleep to feel fully rested. Their caffeine consumption averaged 346 ± 23 mg · d−1 with most derived from coffee (139 ± 12 mg · d−1) and energy drinks (110 ± 13 mg · d−1). About half (55%) of participants used energy drinks at least once per week and they consumed greater amounts of caffeine than nonusers. Focus group data indicated crewmembers primarily consumed energy drinks to enhance performance degraded by variations in work schedules and lack of sufficient sleep. Participants expressed a desire for additional education on diets and energy drinks as well as on aeromedical policies governing energy drink and supplement use.CONCLUSIONS: Caffeinated products, including coffee and energy drinks, are routinely used by Army aircrews to increase alertness. Aircrew personnel consider them generally safe, but would like to receive education about these beverages, other dietary issues, and Army policies governing their use in aircrew.Bukhari AS, Caldwell JA, DiChiara AJ, Merrill EP, Wright AO, Cole RE, Hatch-McChesney A, McGraw SM, Lieberman HR. Caffeine, energy beverage consumption, fitness, and sleep in U.S. Army aviation personnel. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(8):641–650.

Effects of Phosphate Loading on Metabolic and Myocardial Responses to Maximal and Endurance Exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Gary W. Miller ◽  
Deborah Schenck ◽  
Charles W. Cortes ◽  
Victor Miriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Phosphate Loading

Six trained male cyclists and triathletes participated in a double blind study to determine the effects of phosphate loading on maximal and endurance exercise performance. Subjects ingested either 1 gm of tribasic sodium phosphate or a glucose placebo four times daily for 3 days prior to performing either an incremental maximal cycling test or a simulated 40-km time trial on a computerized race simulator. They continued the supplementation protocol for an additional day and then performed the remaining maximal or performance exercise test. Subjects observed a 17-day washout period between testing sessions and repeated the experiment with the alternate supplement regimen in identical fashion. Metabolic data were collected at 15-sec intervals while venous blood samples and 2D-echocardiographic data were collected during each stage of exercise during the maximal exercise test and at 8-km intervals during the 404cm time trial. Results indicate that phosphate loading attenuated anaerobic threshold, increased myocardial ejection fraction and fractional shortening, increased maximal oxidative capacity, and enhanced endurance performance in competitive cyclists and triathletes.

No significant effect of caffeine on five kilometer running performance after muscle damage

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ali M. Al-Nawaiseh ◽  
Robert C. Pritchett ◽  
Kelly Kerr Pritchett ◽  
Mo’ath F. Bataineh ◽  
Akef M. Taifour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Delayed Onset

Abstract. Caffeine has documented hypoalgesic effects during exercise. However, there is a lack of research focusing on caffeine’s potential analgesic effects to ameliorate delayed onset muscle soreness. A placebo controlled randomized cross-over trial was carried out to determine if 5 mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgBW) of caffeine attenuates muscle pain and improves 5 k running performance following delayed onset muscle soreness. Prior to participating, eleven runners (9 male; 2 female; age, 24.5 ± 6.3 years; height, 173.6 ± 7.8 cm; body mass, 66.3 ± 7.5 kg; BMI, 23.18 kg/m2 ± 1.6; VO2max 61.0 ± 6.1 ml/kg/min−1), were asked to discontinue supplement use for 72 hours and abstain from caffeine consumption for 48 hours. Participants performed a 30-minute downhill run on a treadmill set at −10% grade at 70% VO2max to induce delayed onset of muscle soreness. Participants then returned 48 hours after to complete a 5 k time trial run where they consumed either 5 mg/kgBW of caffeine or a placebo. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were taken every two minutes during the trial. There was no detectable statistical difference between 5 k performance between caffeine (1074.9 ± 119.7 sec) or placebo (1053.8 ± 86.8 sec) ( p = .41). Algometer readings were similar between both treatments for muscle soreness in the rectus femoris ( p = .791) and the vastus medialis oblique ( p = .371). Muscle soreness ratings were found to be greater in the caffeine condition compared to the placebo condition ( p = .030). There was no effect of treatment on rating of perceived exertion between conditions ( p = .574). The present study suggests that caffeine is not effective at reducing muscle soreness, rating of perceived exertion, or improving running performance in a time trial in the presence of muscle soreness.

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