scholarly journals Soil yeast abundance and diversity assessment in a hot climatic region, semi-arid ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Al-Atrash ◽  
Zwida K. Khadur ◽  
Anwar A. Khadim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arid Lands ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Maximum Quantity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Semi Arid

Background and Objectives: Yeasts are an important portion of microbial communities of soil due to their bioactivity for ecosystem safety. Soil yeast abundance and diversity are likely to be affected under harsh environmental and climatic conditions. In Iraq, human activity and climatic changes especially high temperature which may alter microbial communities in soil. Very little is known about yeast abundance and diversity in a hot climatic region. Materials and Methods: By PCR technique, soil yeast abundance and diversity were investigated under extreme environmental and climatic conditions, as well as the effects of soil properties and vegetation cover in semi-arid lands. Results: In all, 126 yeast strains were isolated and identified as belonging to 13 genera and 26 known species. The maximum quantity of yeast was 0.8 × 102 CFU g -1 of soil, with significantly varied in abundance and diversity depending on soil properties and presence of vegetation. Conclusion: The results show that soil yeast abundance in these regions was significantly decreased. However, semi-arid lands are still rich in yeast diversity, and many species have adapted to survive in such conditions.

The spatial differences in arylsulfatase enzyme activity on hillslopes along a climatic transect

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Shai Zwikel ◽  
Hanoch Lavee ◽  
Pariente Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rock Fragment ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Local Factor ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Semi Arid

The research was conducted in Israel at 4 sites located along a south-north transect, along which climatic conditions range from arid in the south, through semi-arid, and Mediterranean, to humid Mediterranean in the north. At each site soil samples were collected in summer, winter, and spring over a 2-year period, from 3 microenvironments, from depths of 0–20 and 50–100 mm. The selected microenvironments at the arid, semi-arid, and Mediterranean sites were ‘under shrub’, ‘between shrubs’, and ‘under rock fragments’; those at the humid Mediterranean site were ‘under shrub’, ‘between shrubs’, and ‘under tree’. Intracellular and extracellular arylsulfatase enzyme activities, and some soil properties, were examined. The research aims were: (1) to analyse the relationship between arylsulfatase enzyme activity and some soil properties; (2) to analyse the effects of soil components (local factor) and climatic conditions (regional factor) on arylsulfatase enzyme activity. At both arid sites the organic carbon content, which had a positive effect on arylsulfatase activity, was much higher under shrubs and somewhat higher under rock fragments than between shrubs. At the semi-arid site this was also true of the moisture content. However, at the arid site high soil salinity and dryness limited the enzyme activity, especially the intracellular activity, under shrubs and rock fragments, respectively. In contrast, at the semi-arid site the organic matter was the main limiting factor of enzyme activity. Thus, the intracellular and extracellular activities of the enzyme were considerably higher under shrubs, and somewhat higher under rock fragments, than between shrubs. With increasing rainfall amount towards the Mediterranean sites the enzyme activity increased sharply and the differences between the under shrub, under rock fragment, and between shrubs microenvironments decreased sharply, mainly as a result of the reduction in the spatial variations in organic carbon. At the humid Mediterranean site enzyme activity under trees was considerably higher than that in other microenvironments, and this was expressed in the more suitable environmental conditions under trees, i.e. higher content of organic carbon, moisture, and aggregates.

scholarly journals Organic Farming Improves Soil Microbial Abundance and Diversity under Greenhouse Condition: A Case Study in Shanghai (Eastern China)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Liao ◽  
Yun Liang ◽  
Danfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Available N ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Agricultural practices have significant impacts on soil properties and microbial communities; however, little is known about their responses to open field and plastic tunnels under organic and conventional farming. We therefore investigated the responses of soil chemical variables and microbial communities to different agricultural management and cultivation types, including organic management in open field (OF), organic management in plastic tunnels (OP), conventional management in open field (CF) and conventional management in plastic tunnels (CP), by using a pyrosequencing approach of 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Both factors had significant influences on the soil properties and microbial communities. Organic farming increased the nutrient-related soil variables compared to conventional farming regardless of cultivation type, especially for the available N and P, which were increased by 137% and 711%, respectively, in OP compared to CP. Additionally, OP had the highest microbial abundance and diversity among treatments, whereas no difference was found between OF, CF and CP. Furthermore, OP possessed diverse differential bacteria which were mainly related to the organic material turnover (e.g., Roseiflexus, Planctomyces and Butyrivibrio) and plant growth promotion (e.g., Nostoc, Glycomyces and Bacillus). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nutrient levels (e.g., available N and available P) and total Zn content were significantly correlated to the structure of the microbial community. Overall, our results showed that the long-term organic farming with high fertilizer input increased soil nutrient levels and microbial abundance and diversity under plastic-tunnel condition compared to other cultivation systems.

SUSTAINABLE YIELD GROUNDWATER IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID LANDS IN TEXAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Green ◽  
◽  
F. Paul Bertetti ◽  
Beth Fratesi ◽  
Nathaniel J. Toll
Keyword(s):  
Arid Lands ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Amendment Addition on Soil Properties, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Grape Yield in Semi-Arid Vineyard Agroecosystems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Antonio Marín-Martínez ◽  
Alberto Sanz-Cobeña ◽  
Mª Angeles Bustamante ◽  
Enrique Agulló ◽  
Concepción Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Grape Yield

In semi-arid vineyard agroecosystems, highly vulnerable in the context of climate change, the soil organic matter (OM) content is crucial to the improvement of soil fertility and grape productivity. The impact of OM, from compost and animal manure, on soil properties (e.g., pH, oxidisable organic C, organic N, NH4+-N and NO3−-N), grape yield and direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in vineyards was assessed. For this purpose, two wine grape varieties were chosen and managed differently: with a rain-fed non-trellising vineyard of Monastrell, a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Monastrell and a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon. The studied fertiliser treatments were without organic amendments (C), sheep/goat manure (SGM) and distillery organic waste compost (DC). The SGM and DC treatments were applied at a rate of 4600 kg ha−1 (fresh weight, FW) and 5000 kg ha−1 FW, respectively. The use of organic amendments improved soil fertility and grape yield, especially in the drip-irrigated trellising vineyards. Increased CO2 emissions were coincident with higher grape yields and manure application (maximum CO2 emissions = 1518 mg C-CO2 m−2 d−1). In contrast, N2O emissions, mainly produced through nitrification, were decreased in the plots showing higher grape production (minimum N2O emissions = −0.090 mg N2O-N m−2 d−1). In all plots, the CH4 fluxes were negative during most of the experiment (−1.073−0.403 mg CH4-C m−2 d−1), indicating that these ecosystems can represent a significant sink for atmospheric CH4. According to our results, the optimal vineyard management, considering soil properties, yield and GHG mitigation together, was the use of compost in a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard with the grape variety Monastrell.

scholarly journals Climatic Zone and Soil Properties Determine the Biodiversity of the Soil Bacterial Communities Associated to Native Plants from Desert Areas of North-Central Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Elisa Bona ◽  
Nadia Massa ◽  
Omrane Toumatia ◽  
Giorgia Novello ◽  
Patrizia Cesaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Plant Microbiota ◽  
Semi Arid

Algeria is the largest country in Africa characterized by semi-arid and arid sites, located in the North, and hypersaline zones in the center and South of the country. Several autochthonous plants are well known as medicinal plants, having in common tolerance to aridity, drought and salinity. In their natural environment, they live with a great amount of microbial species that altogether are indicated as plant microbiota, while the plants are now viewed as a “holobiont”. In this work, the microbiota of the soil associated to the roots of fourteen economically relevant autochthonous plants from Algeria have been characterized by an innovative metagenomic approach with a dual purpose: (i) to deepen the knowledge of the arid and semi-arid environment and (ii) to characterize the composition of bacterial communities associated with indigenous plants with a strong economic/commercial interest, in order to make possible the improvement of their cultivation. The results presented in this work highlighted specific signatures which are mainly determined by climatic zone and soil properties more than by the plant species.

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