The Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths in Free-Ranging Canids of Mazandaran, Northern Iran

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current knowledge on the epidemiology of importance zoonotic parasitic diseases in free-ranging canids of Mazandaran, north of Iran. Methods: Overall, 63 small intestinal samples of animals (20 stray dogs and 43 golden jackals) were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. The intestine contents were studied to detect and identify helminth infections. Additionally, 274 fecal samples (130 dogs, 35 fox, 90 golden jackal and 19 wolf) were examined by Sheather's flotation method for detection of Taenia eggs. Results: Sixty (95.2%) animals were infected with at least one species of intestinal helminth. the intestinal helminths were found in dogs and golden jackals included: Dipylidium caninum (25.3%), Uncinaria stenocephala (52.3%), Ancylostoma caninum (41.2%), Mesocestoides spp. (33.3%) and Toxocara canis (14.2%). In fecal examination, 2.5% of samples contained Taenia eggs, and through a species-specific PCR, 1.09% of these samples were confirmed positive for Echinococcus granulosus. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence and clear risks of zoonotic helminths in free-ranging carnivores in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Therefore, understanding the epidemiology of zoonotic parasite infection is useful for health care access both domestic animals and humans health.

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The prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x08067229 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Oluyomi A. Sowemimo

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Age Groups ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Trichuris Vulpis ◽

Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractA study of gastrointestinal parasites in 269 faecal samples from dogs (Canis familiaris) collected from Ile-Ife, Nigeria between January and December 2004, revealed seven helminth species:Toxocara canis33.8%,Ancylostomasp. 34.6%,Toxascaris leonina3.3%,Trichuris vulpis3.7%,Dipylidium caninum4.1%,Uncinaria stenocephala0.7% andTaeniasp. 1.1%. The faecal egg intensities, determined as mean eggs per gram of faeces ( ± SEM) were:T. canis393.8 ± 83.4,Ancylostomasp. 101.5 ± 32.8,T. leonina14.3 ± 7.9,T. vulpis3.4 ± 1.5,D. caninum2.2 ± 0.8,U. stenocephala0.2 ± 0.2. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in dogs of age 0–6 months than in older age groups. There was no significance difference in overall prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites between male (58.3%) and female (50.0%) dogs (P>0.05). The prevalence of helminth parasites was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in free-ranging than in kennelled dogs. The prevalence of helminth parasites was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in African shepherds than in Alsatians and other exotic breeds. Each helminth parasite had similar prevalences and intensities among both genders (P>0.05) except inT. vulpis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites may continue to rise due to lack of functional veterinary clinics for dog care in Ile-Ife. Therefore, there is the need to establish a veterinary facility in Ile-Ife.

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Molecular Study of Benzimidazole Resistance in Teladorsagia circumcincta Isolated from Sheep in North of Iran

Iranian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.18502/ijpa.v14i4.2108 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rahim NEMATI ◽

Aliasghar BAHARI ◽

Pezhman MAHMOODI ◽

Alireza SAZMAND

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Molecular Study ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Northern Iran ◽

The North ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

North Of Iran ◽

Allele Specific

Background: Resistance to benzimidazole (BZ) compounds is common in Teladorsagia circumcincta populations in sheep and goats worldwide. Given the importance of anthelmintic resistance and shortage of information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this prevalent nematode in Iran, this study was conducted. Methods: From June to September 2016, abomasa of 139 sheep of different sexes and ages in Amol City slaughterhouse, northern Iran were examined for isolation of nematodes. Totally 45 male T. circumcincta confirmed by both microscopical and nested-PCR-RFLP methods were included in this study. Susceptibility or resistance of each single T. circumcincta worm to benzimidazoles was assessed using allele-specific PCR. Results: Frequency of genotypes in the present study were 33.33% heterozygote BZ and 66.67% BZ homozygote sensitive. No homozygote resistant worm was found. Conclusion: Resistance against BZs in T. circumcincta of sheep has occurred at a low prevalence in the north of Iran. However, mutated genes might get dominant under drug selection in future. Hence, periodic investigations for early detection of mutated alleles in nematode populations using accurate and sensitive molecular methods such as PCR-RFLP is recommended.

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Monthly Population Fluctuations and Abundance Index (SISA) of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), as Potential Bridge Vectors of Pathogens to Humans and Animals in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96909/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Hassan Nikookar ◽

Mahmoud Fazeli Dinan ◽

Ahmadali Enayati

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Population Fluctuations ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Control Programmes ◽

North Of Iran ◽

Baseline Knowledge

Abstract Background: Seasonal activity patterns of mosquitoes are essential as baseline knowledge to understand the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the monthly dynamics of the mosquito populations and their relation to meteorological factors in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.Methods: Mosquito adults and larvae were collected from 16 counties of Mazandaran Province using different sampling techniques, once a month from May to December 2014. “Index of Species Abundance” (ISA) along with “Standardized ISA” (SISA) was used for assessing the most abundant species of mosquitoes based on the explanations of Robert and Hsi. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the relationships between the monthly population fluctuations and meteorological variables. Results: Overall, 23750 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and nineteen species were collected and identified. The highest population density of mosquitoes was in July and the lowest in May. The ISA/SISA indices showed the values of ISA/SISA: 1(larvae) and 1.25/0.973 (adult) in total catch human and shelter pit (ISA/SISA:1.68/0.938) for Culex pipiens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, respectively, species that had the highest activity peak in July. A significant positive correlation was observed between Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mean temperature (R: 0.766, P < 0.027).Conclusions: The results indicated that the mosquitoes are more active in July, Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the most abundant species, due to the potential of these species as vectors of numerous pathogens, control programmes can be planed based on their monthly activity pattern in the area.

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Intestinal helminths of dogs in Samarkand and the Samarkand region and their epidemiological significance.

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases (Russian Journal) ◽

10.17816/eid60025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vladimir Sergeevich Turitsin ◽

Sergei Sergeevich Kozlov ◽

Olesya D. Achilova

Keyword(s):

Toxocara Canis ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Intestinal Helminths ◽

Taenia Hydatigena ◽

Dipylidium Caninum ◽

Males And Females ◽

The City ◽

Epidemiological Significance ◽

Intensity Of Invasion ◽

Toxascaris Leonina

Aims: To study the intestinal helminth fauna of domestic and neglected dogs living in the city of Samarkand and adjacent areas of the Samarkand region and to assess their epidemiological significance. Materials and methods: 112 dogs of different ages from Samarkand and the surrounding area were examined. 45 animals were examined by the method of incomplete helminthological autopsy; diagnostic deworming was performed in 12 priotarny dogs; in 55 dogs, feces were examined once by the Fulleborn method. Results: In the examined dogs, 4 types of cestodes and 4 types of nematodes were found in the intestines. The most common type was dog tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum). The extent of invasion (EI) is 73.7%, the intensity of invasion (AI) is 5-56 copies. Taenia hydatigena tapeworm was detected during preventive deworming in 5 animals out of 12 (41.7%), and at autopsy in 18 dogs out of 45 (40%), AI 1-4 copies. The tapeworm of Echinicoccus granulosus was found in the autopsy of one dog out of 45 (EI-4.4%, AI-more than 350 copies). Mesocestoides lineatus cestodes were observed in the autopsy of 3 dogs (EI-6.7%, AI-1-2 copies). Trichuris (=Trichocephalus) vulpis lived in the caecum of 20 dissected animals (EI-88%, AI-5-23 copies). During coproscopy of feces of 55 dogs, whipworm eggs were found in 25 animals (45.5%). Males and females of Toxocara canis were found in the intestines during autopsy of 5 animals (EI -22%, AI-2-4 copies). Eggs Toxocara coproscopy found in the feces of dogs 9 out of 55 (16.4 percent). The EI of the nematode Toxascaris leonina averaged 14.0%. AI 1-3 copies. The nematode Pterygodermatites (=Rictularia) affinis was found in the singular (male) in the duodenum of one dissected dog. Conclusions: In domestic and neglected dogs living in the territory of Samarkand and the Samarkand region, it was possible to establish the presence of 8 species of intestinal helminths, of which three species are dangerous to humans and have important epidemiological significance: Echinicoccus granulosus, Dipylidium caninum and Toxocara canis.

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Molecular Genotyping of the Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran

Iranian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.730 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zeynab HEDAYATI ◽

Ahmad DARYANI ◽

Shahabeddin SARVI ◽

Shirzad GHOLAMI ◽

Mehdi SHARIF ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Pcr Products ◽

North Of Iran ◽

Control Procedures ◽

Nad1 Gene ◽

Formalin Fixed

Background: The larval stage of the tapeworm (cestode) Echinococcus granulosus is the etiological agent of hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis, which is the zoonotic parasitic disease causing morbidity and mortality in both humans and livestock. Due to a lack of accurate data on the human isolates of E. granulosus in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, the current study aimed to survey the population genetic pattern of cystic echinococcosis isolated from humans by sequencing the mitochondrial genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1). Methods: Overall, 47 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPT) blocks were collected from patients' files in various pathology departments of Mazandaran Province in Iran from 2003 to 2015. PCR was performed to amplify a 398bp DNA fragment of mitochondrial nad1. PCR products were sequenced by Bioneer Corporation (South Korea), and the resulting data were analyzed via relevant software to determine the genotypes. Results: The nad1 gene was successfully amplified on 10 from all of the E. granulosus isolates. Overall, 66.6% and 33.3% of the isolates in the studied area displayed the G1 and G2-G3 genotypes, respectively. Conclusion: This study may provide the foundation for further studies in revealing the regional transmission patterns and also in designing adequate control procedures.

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Intestinal helminth infections in the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) from Vojvodina: Hotspot area of multilocular echinococcosis in Serbia

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2021.00030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Milan Miljević ◽

Dušan Lalošević ◽

Verica Simin ◽

Jelena Blagojević ◽

Borislav Čabrilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Golden Jackal ◽

Intestinal Helminths ◽

Risk Area ◽

Taenia Hydatigena ◽

High Risk Area ◽

Total Prevalence

Abstract In the present study, 64 golden jackals were examined for intestinal helminths in three regions of Vojvodina, Serbia. Among the examined jackals 57.8% were infected with at least one parasite species. Using the intestinal scraping technique (SCT), eight species of intestinal helminths were found: Alaria alata (7.8%), Toxascaris leonina (9.4%), Toxocara canis (4.7%), Uncinaria stenocephala (20.3%), Echinococcus multilocularis (14.1%), Mesocestoides sp. (42.2%), Taenia pisiformis, and Taenia hydatigena (the overall prevalence of Taenia infection was 6.3%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. leonina in jackals from Serbia. In comparison with the SCT results, coprological tests were less sensitive and specific for parasite identification, as only two nematode species (T. leonina and T. canis) as well as ancylostomatid and taeniid eggs were identified. The total prevalence of intestinal helminths was higher in males (71.9% males, 45% females), but the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 3.76; P = 0.052). Co-infection with two species of intestinal helminths was found in 35% of the examined golden jackal individuals, three-species co-infection was demonstrated in 21.6%, whereas four-species co-infection was detected in 2.7% of the golden jackals examined. Echinococcus multilocularis has previously been recorded in jackals and foxes in Serbia, but only in Vojvodina. Our results corroborate the findings of previous studies, and indicate that the Vojvodina Province, more specifically the Srem region, is probably a high-risk area for E. multilocularis transmission to humans.

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Population Fluctuations and Abundance Indices of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicid), as the Potential Bridge Vectors of Pathogens to Humans and Animals in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases ◽

10.18502/jad.v15i2.7490 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Hassan Nikookar ◽

Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan ◽

Ahmadali Enayati

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Population Fluctuations ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

North Of Iran ◽

Baseline Knowledge ◽

Vector Borne

Background: Seasonal activity patterns of mosquitoes are essential as baseline knowledge to understand the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the monthly dynamics of the mosquito populations and their relation to meteorological factors in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. Methods: Mosquito adults and larvae were collected from 16 counties of Mazandaran Province using different sampling techniques, once a month from May to December 2014. “Index of Species Abundance” (ISA) along with “Standardized ISA” (SISA) was used for assessing the most abundant species of mosquitoes based on the explanations of Robert and Hsi. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the relationships between the monthly population fluctuations and meteorological variables. Results: Overall, 23750 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and nineteen species were collected and identified. The highest population density of mosquitoes was in July and the lowest in May. The ISA/SISA indices for Culex pipiens were both 1 for larvae and 1.25/0.973 for adults in total catch performed in human dwellings. For Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the ISA/SISA were 1.68/0.938 in pit shelter method. A significant positive correlation was observed between population fluctuations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mean temperature (R: 0.766, P< 0.027). Conclusions: The results indicated that the mosquitoes are more active in July, and Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the most abundant species. Considering the potential of these species as vectors of numerous pathogens, control programs can be planed based on their monthly activity pattern in the area.

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Throughfall nutrients in a degraded indigenous Fagus orientalis forest and a Picea abies plantation in the of North of Iran

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2015243-06764 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. e035 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Parisa Abbasian ◽

Pedram Attarod ◽

Seyed M.M. Sadeghi ◽

John T. Van Stan II ◽

Seyed M. Hojjati

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Nutrient Cycling ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Hydrological Process ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Fagus Orientalis ◽

P Concentration ◽

North Of Iran

Aim of study: The objective of this study was to compare the quantity and quality of TF (throughfall) in an indigenous, but degraded, stand of Fagus orientalis and Picea abies plantation.Area of study: Forests of Kelar-Dasht region located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran.Material and Methods: TF measured by twenty collectors that were distributed randomly underneath each stand. For 21 storms sampled in 2012 (August-December) and 2013 (April-June), we analyzed pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NO3-, and P of gross rainfall (GR) and TF.Main results: Cumulative interception (I) for F. orientalis and P. abies were 114.2 mm and 194.8 mm of the total GR, respectively. The amount of K+ (13.4 mg L-1) and Ca2+ (0.9 mg L-1) were higher (for both elements, p = 0.001) in the TF of P. abies compared to those of F. orientalis (6.8 and 0.5, mg L-1, respectively) and GR (3.2 and 0.37 mg L-1, respectively). Conversely, mean P concentration was doubled (p = 0.022) in the TF of F. orientalis (11.1 mg L-1) compared to GR (5.8 mg L-1).Research highlights: P. abies plantations may provide a solution for reforestation of degraded F. orientalis forests of northern Iran, yet how P. abies plantations differentially affect the quality and quantity of rainfall reaching subcanopy soils (TF) compared to F. orientalis is unknown. Understanding the connection between hydrological processes and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems is crucial for choosing the appropriate species to rehabilitate the degraded indigenous forests with nonindigenous species. Keywords: concentration; hydrological process; interception; reforestation.

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Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections

Parasitology Open ◽

10.1017/pao.2017.21 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Samia Lahmar ◽

Ines Arfa ◽

Siddik Ben Othmen ◽

Walid Jguirim ◽

Yousra Saïd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

First Record ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Intestinal Helminths ◽

Taenia Hydatigena ◽

Stray Dogs ◽

Zoonotic Infections ◽

The Status

Abstract Sixteen intestinal helminth species were recovered from 271 necropsied stray dogs during a survey undertaken in Raoued and Soukra, two northeastern rural regions of Tunisia. Recorded parasites included trematodes (Brachylaemus sp., Phagicola italica, Heterophyes heterophyes), cestodes (Echinococcus granulosus, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium noelleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Mesocestoides litteratus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia multiceps), nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis) and one acanthocephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. This is the first record of Brachylaemus sp., P. italica, H. heterophyes, D. noelleri and M. hirudinaceus in dogs from Tunisia. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 5·16% of dogs with a higher intensity of infection recorded in younger animals (303 worms/infected dog). Molecular analysis confirmed E. granulosus sensu stricto as the cause of canine echinococcosis. This epidemiological study investigating the status of intestinal helminths of dogs recorded a prevalence of 98·89% and a mean intensity of 87·62 worms per infected dog and confirmed the infection of 95·14% of dogs with helminths of potential zoonotic concern. Results of this study emphasize the need to interrupt parasite transmission using preventive approaches in zoonoses control programmes mainly against cystic echinococcosis, as well as reducing transmission to other animals by regular dog dosing treatments and proper management of dog populations.

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