DEGREE OF INVASION OF HORSES PARASCARIS EQUORUM UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF CONTENT

The significant dependence on the invasion of Parascaris equorum horses with different maintenance technologies was studied. Methods of helminthocoprooscopy revealed the spread of parascaridosis of horses kept in stable and herd conditions in the Pobeda farm in the Cheremshansky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The high invasion of animals with herd and stable housing is apparently associated with a large contamination of horse stalls, stables, care items and the surrounding area with parascaride eggs. The maximum parasiticidal infection of horses was established with stable maintenance. As a result of the studies, it was found that the maximum extent of invasion (EI) of horses in the examined farm with stable technology of keeping was 42.8 % and herd content was 37.5 %. The intensity of invasion (II) by parascarides varied from 23.7±3.4 to 77.3±5.6 ind. eggs in 1 g of feces, depending on the technology of maintenance.

Monitoring of the epizootic situation sheep strongyloidiasis on Ukrainian territory

One of the reasons that reduce the efficiency of sheep breeding development and lead to significant economic losses of the industry in Ukraine and the world is helminthic diseases, particularly strongyloidiasis caused by parasitic nematodes. Strongyloides parasitize in the small intestine of animals and lead to slow growth and development of young sheep, diarrhea, anemia, ataxia. At the high intensity of invasion - animals can die. The study aimed to analyze monitoring studies on the prevalence of strongyloidiasis in sheep in Ukraine based on statistical data of the reporting documentation of the State Research Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary Sanitary Examination during 2016–2020. Studies have shown that helminthiasis of sheep is a common invasion in farms of various forms of ownership in Ukraine, where the extent of the invasion ranged from 1.44 to 3.27 %. The share of helminthiasis of the digestive tract of sheep from the total number of detected helminthiasis reaches 84.21 %. The most common of the helminthiases of the gastrointestinal tract were nematodes; their share was 63.07 %. Trematodes and cestodes were diagnosed less frequently; their share among helminthiases of the digestive tract was 35.05 and 1.88 %, respectively. It was found that among the nematodes of the digestive tract parasitizing in sheep in Ukraine, the largest share was strongylidosis, in particular bunostomosis, nematodyrosis, hemonchosis (65.20 %), and strongyloidiasis (33.92 %). A smaller proportion were esophagostomosis (0.74 %) and trichurosis (0.14 %). Indicators of prevalence were: for strongylidosis (bunostomosis, nematodyrosis, hemonchosis) – 10.98 %, for strogiloidiasis – 4.48 %, for esophagostomosis – 0.42 %, for trichurosis – 0.21 %. In terms of years, the rates of damage to sheep by the causative agent of strongyloidiasis fluctuated significantly with the increasing prevalence of strongyloidiasis invasion during 2019–2020. Indicators of infestation of sheep with the causative agent of strongyloidiasis during the study period in Ukraine were at the level of 1.91 % (2018) to 16.14 % (2019). The data we obtained testify to the urgency of the problem of nematodes, particularly strongyloidiasis of sheep in Ukrainian farms, and lead to more thorough research on epizootological, biological features of the causative agent strongyloidiasis and the introduction of effective treatment and prevention measures.

Studying the Prevalence Dynamics of Helminthosis in the Sheep-Breeding Farms in Azerbaijan

The main purpose of the research work is to identify the prevalence of helminthiasis in private sheep-breeding farms of the Sheki, Zagatala and Oguz districts of the Republic of Azerbaijan. One of the urgent problems is the study of mixed invasions that cause damage to animal husbandry. Based on this, as a result of the investigations, the extensiveness and intensity of helminthiasis in sheep of different age groups were studied as a result of the examinations. Extensiveness of invasion: in Sheki district for moniesiasis — 26.6%, for fascioliasis — 20.8%, for dicroceliosis — 23.3%, in Zagatala district for moniesiasis — 21.6%, for fascioliasis — 15.8%, for dicroceliosis — 17.5%, in Oguz distirct for monieziasis — 30.8%, for fascioliasis — 25.8%, for dicroceliosis — 28.3% were identified during the scatological examinations conducted. Presence the intensity of invasion on average: in the Sheki district with Moniezia expansa — 2–6, Fasciola hepatica — 4–14, Dicrocoelium lanceatum — 7–21, in the Zagatala district with Moniezia expansa — 1–4, Fasciola hepatica — 3–11, Dicrocoelium lanceatum — 5–17, in the Oguz district with Moniezia expansa — 2–7, Fasciola hepatica — 5–18, Dicrocoelium lanceatum — 9–24 specimens were identified when examining during the autopsy.

Intestinal helminths of dogs in Samarkand and the Samarkand region and their epidemiological significance.

Aims: To study the intestinal helminth fauna of domestic and neglected dogs living in the city of Samarkand and adjacent areas of the Samarkand region and to assess their epidemiological significance. Materials and methods: 112 dogs of different ages from Samarkand and the surrounding area were examined. 45 animals were examined by the method of incomplete helminthological autopsy; diagnostic deworming was performed in 12 priotarny dogs; in 55 dogs, feces were examined once by the Fulleborn method. Results: In the examined dogs, 4 types of cestodes and 4 types of nematodes were found in the intestines. The most common type was dog tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum). The extent of invasion (EI) is 73.7%, the intensity of invasion (AI) is 5-56 copies. Taenia hydatigena tapeworm was detected during preventive deworming in 5 animals out of 12 (41.7%), and at autopsy in 18 dogs out of 45 (40%), AI 1-4 copies. The tapeworm of Echinicoccus granulosus was found in the autopsy of one dog out of 45 (EI-4.4%, AI-more than 350 copies). Mesocestoides lineatus cestodes were observed in the autopsy of 3 dogs (EI-6.7%, AI-1-2 copies). Trichuris (=Trichocephalus) vulpis lived in the caecum of 20 dissected animals (EI-88%, AI-5-23 copies). During coproscopy of feces of 55 dogs, whipworm eggs were found in 25 animals (45.5%). Males and females of Toxocara canis were found in the intestines during autopsy of 5 animals (EI -22%, AI-2-4 copies). Eggs Toxocara coproscopy found in the feces of dogs 9 out of 55 (16.4 percent). The EI of the nematode Toxascaris leonina averaged 14.0%. AI 1-3 copies. The nematode Pterygodermatites (=Rictularia) affinis was found in the singular (male) in the duodenum of one dissected dog. Conclusions: In domestic and neglected dogs living in the territory of Samarkand and the Samarkand region, it was possible to establish the presence of 8 species of intestinal helminths, of which three species are dangerous to humans and have important epidemiological significance: Echinicoccus granulosus, Dipylidium caninum and Toxocara canis.

RATE OF INFECTION OF DOMESTIC CHICKENS WITH HELMINTHS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES OF AZERBAIJAN

Within the framework of these studies during 2014-2015, the levels of extensiveness and intensity of infection by various types of helminths were studied for three age groups of chickens from local breeds, reared in outdoor stabling conditions and walking areas of family poultry farms in mountainous (Khizi district), foothill (Khachmaz district) and lowland (Saatly district) territories. In studies carried out in these three climatic zones, intense infection of birds with helminths at 3-4 months of age, making uo withA.galli EI 62.3, H. gallinarum EI 50.8, II 1-30, R.tetragona IE 36, 6, 1-14, S.trachea EI 29.1, C.obsignata EI 17.7 %, II 1-13, in 5-7 months of age Sinqamus II 1-19, in adults Askaridia II 1-36, were recorded in foothill areas. A low level of extensiveness and intensity of invasion of infected birds was found in lowland areas, and a medium level in foothill areas. One of the main reasons for this is low temperature and high relative humidity in mountainous areas, high air temperature and low relative humidity in low-lying areas and a suitable air temperature and relative humidity in foothill areas for the development of helminth eggs in the external environment.

DISTRIBUTION OF CHORIOPTOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE

The work was carried out in the conditions of OOO "Bryansk Meat Company" in Tula, Kaluga and Oryol regions. In the period from October to December 2020, we examined 235 animals of beef breed, of which 86 cows (2–3 years old), 90 calves (7–8 months old) and 59 stud bulls (1.5–2 years old) were of the Aberdeen Angus breed. According to the results of morphological studies, a mite of the genus Chorioptes bovis was diagnosed. The epizootological situation with respect to Chorioptes bovis was studied for three farms "Belolipka" in the Tula region, "Uteshevo" in the Kaluga region and "Rabotkogo" in the Oryol region. The keeping in the farms of OOO «BMK» is loose; in summer, the animals are driven to natural pastures, and in winter, they are in winter enclosures. To confirm the diagnosis of chorioptosis, a deep scraping with an abdominal scalpel in the area of the tailhead in the center of the lesion was taken before the appearance of the ichor. The approximate area of the skin lesion was 10–20 cm2 . We have established the greatest prevalence 93.8% with an intensity of invasion 33.1(12–49)±1.02 specimens/cm2 , which were detected in the Oryol region, as well as the lowest prevalence 80% with intensity of invasion 24.8(10–42)±0.96 specimens/cm2 in the Kaluga region.

DYNAMICS OF HORSE INFECTION WITH THE TREMATODE SCHISTOSOMA TURKESTANICUM SKRJABIN, 1913 IN KARAKALPAKSTAN

The dynamics of infection of horses with the trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum Skrjabin, 1913 in Karakalpakstan was studied. We carried out scientific research in various regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan in 2016–2020. When determining the infection of horses with trematodes in the districts of Karakalpakstan, we used methods of complete and incomplete helminthological dissection by K. I. Skriabin (1928). A total of 143 horses were examined by the complete dissection method. The article presents the results of studies carried out on the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Helminths were found in all 143 horses examined during the study. The trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum Skrjabin, 1913 was among the identified helminths, which is very common in this region. The parasitic worms Schistosoma turkestanicum were found to belong to the Plathelminthes type, the Trematoda class. The study results indicate that the simultaneous presence of mixed (associative) invasions by trematodes was observed in horses. It was established that trematodes found in horses parasitize on blood vessels of the bile ducts, gallbladder, liver and intestinal mesentery. The prevalence of the trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum in horses was 18.8%, and the intensity of invasion was 3876–12538 specimens. The trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum, depending on the development cycle, develops in the presence of an intermediate host. Freshwater mollusks Lymnaea auricularia, belonging to the family Lymnaeidae perform the function of an intermediate host.

DISTRIBUTION AND ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF PRODUCTS OF SMALL CATTLE SLAUGHTER IN ECHINOCOCCOSIS ON THE MARKETS OF DUSHANBE

This article provides data on the research work carried out to identify echinococcosis among small cattle of different age groups in the Republic of Tajikistan. Echinococcosis of farm animals with a high intensity of invasion is recorded in all areas studied by us, in the valley, foothill and mountain zones. Thus, out of the examined 23 364 organs from slaughtered sheep, 17 850 animals, or 76.40%, were affected by echinococcus. In the farms of the valley zone with distant-pasture sheep breeding, the average prevalence was 72.4%, in the foothill zone with distant-pasture sheep breeding – 90.4%, and in the mountain zone – 59.3%. Slaughtered livestock has a high prevalence not only in the context of zones and districts, but also within farms of the same district, depending on the conditions of keeping the sheep and the number of dogs in the flocks. Thus, in farms with distant-pasture sheep breeding in the valley zone of the same district, the infection rate reached 75.0%, while in the mountain zone only 54.2%. The study for echinococcosis of cattle of different sex and age groups found the same pattern as in sheep, i.e. the prevalence increased with age: from 12% in animals under 2 years old to 39.4% in animals of 3–4 years old and 41.6% in animals older than 5 years.

HELMINTHES OF CATFISH (SILURUS GLANIS L.) IN WATER BODIES OF THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER

Study of the species composition of catfish helminths in water bodies of the middle reaches of the Syrdarya river. The material was collected in 2019–2021 in natural and artificial reservoirs of the middle reaches of the Syrdarya river. We examined 216 specimens of the catfish by methods of complete parasitological dissection proposed by V.A. Dogel (1933), A.P. Markevich (1950) and I.E. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya (1952). The helminths found were undergone laboratory inspection according to generally accepted methods of I.E. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya (1952), A.A. Shigin (1986) and O.N. Bauer (1987). As the research results show, the prevalence in catfish was 31.5% with the intensity of invasion 1–70 specimens. 29 species of helminths were recorded in the catfish: 7 species of cestodes, 10 species of trematodes, 9 species of nematodes, and 3 species of proboscis worms, which belong to 27 genera, 19 families, 11 orders and 4 classes. Events of mono- and associative invasions have been reported. From 29 species of helminths found, 17 species were found in the larval form, and 12 species in the sexually mature form. In natural and artificial reservoirs of the Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan, the catfish is infected with 29 species of helminths. The total infection rate in fish is 31.5%. This parameter varies depending on the season of the year

ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS OF THE INTERMEDIATE HOST PROTOSTRONGYLUS SPP.

This paper presents the results of studies of the population of land mollusks of different biotopes, depending on the relief features of the area and the infestation of mollusks with larvae of pulmonary nematodes. The infestation of mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae in the steppe zone was only 338, including 160 mollusks with Protostrongylus spp. (13.3%) from the number of 1200 mollusks studied. The number of infected mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae in areas around water bodies was only 535 specimens, including 192 specimens with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (16.3%), in woodlands this figure was 350 specimens with Protostrongylidae larvae, including 130 with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (13.0%). In lowland meadows was 400 copies of mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae, and 180 copies with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (13.8%). A high percentage of shellfish infected with the larvae of Protostrongylus spp. set in rural pastures 440 (21.0%). A relatively high percentage of infestation in mollusks in areas around reservoirs is 5 specimens per 1 mollusk. The intensity of invasion (II) is the highest in mollusks uncovered in presell pastures and amounted to 9 larval specimens; the lowest intensity of invasion in woodland mollusks is 1 specimen per 1 mollusk.