scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Qingdao, 2009-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jia ◽  
Fei Kong ◽  
Xueling Xin ◽  
Jiwei Liang ◽  
Hualei Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: In China, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks have become an important issue recent years. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD outbreaks in Qingdao during 2009- 2018, and provided evidences for prevention and control of the disease. Methods: Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, and throat swabs were detected for enterovirus RNA using RT-PCR. Results: Overall, 116 HFMD outbreaks were reported in Qingdao during 2009-2018, with the epidemic of the outbreaks exhibiting a decreasing tendency. The characteristics of outbreaks presented two patterns, including two-peak pattern and rural area to urban-rural fringe area to urban areas pattern. Male patients were predominant in these outbreaks. The location of the outbreaks changed from nursery to community. Non-EV71/CA16 enteroviruses were gradually becoming predominant enteroviruses serotypes. The durations of outbreaks were positively correlated with response times and the number of cases. Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics analysis of HFMD outbreaks could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control the disease. Reporting and handling promptly are the keys to control epidemic outbreaks of HFMD.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terdsak Yano ◽  
Sith Premashthira ◽  
Tosapol Dejyong ◽  
Sahatchai Tangtrongsup ◽  
Mo D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

scholarly journals Forecasting Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Cases Using a Wavelet-based SARIMA-NNAR Hybrid Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongchao Yu ◽  
Huifen Feng ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Jing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Hybrid Models ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) is one of the most common diseases in children, which has high morbidity. Reliable forecasting is significant for prevention and control. Recently, hybrid models have been becoming popular and wavelet analysis has been widely used. Better prediction accuracy may be achieved with wavelet-based hybrid models. Thus, our aim is to forecast number of HFMD cases with wavelet-based hybrid models.Materials and methods: We fitted a wavelet-based SARIMA(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average)-NNAR(neural network nonlinear autoregressive) hybrid model with HFMD weekly cases from 2009 to 2016 in Zhengzhou, China. At the same time, single SARIMA model, simplex NNAR model and pure SARIMA-NNAR hybrid model were established as well for comparison and estimation.Results: The wavelet-based SARIMA-NNAR hybrid model had an excellent performance whether in fitting or in forecasting compared to other models. Its fitted and forecasting time series were approximate to the actual observed time series.Conclusions: This wavelet-based SARIMA-NNAR hybrid model that we fitted is suitable for forecasting number of HFMD cases. It will facilitate prevention and control of HFMD.

scholarly journals Synthetic peptide vaccine for Foot-and-Mouth Disease: synthesis, characterization and immunogenicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Mansuroğlu ◽  
Serap Derman ◽  
Kadriye Kızılbey ◽  
Sezen Canım Ateş ◽  
Zeynep Mustafaeva Akdeste
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Free Peptide ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundThe conjugations of antigenic synthetic peptide sequences with carrier polymers have opened new possibilities for the treatment of diseases. In this study, 135–161 peptide sequence of VP1 capsid protein of Foot-and-Mouth Disease was cross-linked with P(VP-co-AA) copolymer by covalent conjugation using water-soluble carbodiimide at different ratio of components (γ=5, 7, 9, 11, 15) for the first time in the literature.Materials and methodsBioconjugates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy to identify occurrences of the conjugates. After characterization, γ=15 bioconjugate was determined as optimum conjugate for immunization studies and IC50 value is calculated as 1.227 mg/mL. By determining the nontoxic range, indirect ELISA were performed to evaluate the immune response elicited in balb/c mice by either peptide or P(VP-co-AA)-peptide bioconjugates (γ=15). Two injections were applied to each group and high immune responses were obtained against γ=15 conjugate compared to free peptide and control.Results and conclusionAt the end of 9-week, the general pattern of immunoreactivity was acquired as γ=15>>peptide>control. Peptide formulated in the conjugated form had higher antibody response than free peptide and control (p<0.01, for all in both cases), this conjugate formulation put forward the adjuvant activity of P(VP-co-AA) polymer.

Assessment of foot-and-mouth disease risk areas in mainland China based spatial multi-criteria decision analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Haoran ◽  
Xiao Jianhua ◽  
Ouyang Maolin ◽  
Gao Hongyan ◽  
Bie Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. Results Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong), northern (Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). We found spring as the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC = 0.8532). Conclusions These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and provinces can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shandong, China, 2009–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
Dapeng Sun ◽  
Shujun Ding ◽  
Michael J. Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

scholarly journals Epidemiological study on hand, foot and mouth disease in Tongzhou District, Beijing, 2013–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2615-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Liu ◽  
Xiu-Mei Sun ◽  
Xiao-Wei Sun ◽  
Yu-Qing Yang ◽  
Cong-Hui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Enterovirus A71 ◽  
Tongzhou District ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Tongzhou District, Beijing between 2013 and 2017. Methods Data on HFMD infections from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 were collected from the Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System and analysed. Serotyping of enteroviruses from samples from patients with HFMD was undertaken using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 15 341 patients with HFMD were reported and 32 patients (0.2%) were classified as having severe HFMD. The annual mean incidence rate of HFMD was 219.3/100 000 of the general population. The incidence and case-severity rates of HFMD generally decreased between 2013 and 2017. In the floating migrant population, the incidence and cases-severity rates of HFMD were significantly higher than in the local population. The peak incidence and severity-case rates were at 2 years of age and > 90% of patients were ≤5 years. Enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 were the predominant pathogens in 2013–2017. Conclusions During the 5-year period 2013–2017, the incidence rate and case-severity rate of HFMD generally decreased in Tongzhou District, Beijing. The floating migrant population and children ≤5 years of age were at the highest risk of HFMD.

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