scholarly journals Practicing patients’ rights in Iran: a review of evidence

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahere Sharifi ◽  
Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki ◽  
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad ◽  
Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patient Rights ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
The Right ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Protection of patients' rights is critical in improving healthcare quality, and hence this study aimed at reviewing patient rights’ practices in healthcare organizations of Iran. Using systematic search, this review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Several keywords, including "patient rights", "patient bills of rights" and "patients rights’ charter" were searched bilingually in the databases of SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 2010 to 2021, and then, following a three-tier screening using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists, 76 articles were extracted. The degree of compliance with the Patients' Rights Charter (PRC) in healthcare organizations was 60.88% on average. As to the observance of the PRC dimensions, respectively, the highest and lowest scores were related to the "right to privacy and confidentiality" (70.16%) and "right to access an efficient complaining system" (53.01 %). Respect for patients' rights in organizations was assessed at a moderate level, and some aspects of patients' rights should be attended to immediately. Therefore, discrepancies in the dimensions of patients' rights and their implementation by organizations should be on the agenda of healthcare managers and policymakers.

Is the Correct Anatomical Placement of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) Electrodes Essential to Diagnosis in the Clinical Setting A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Stavros Hadjiantoni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Ecg Morphology

Abstract Background: Anatomical misplacement of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode(s) is common, with significant impact on clinical diagnosis. Reasons are multi-faceted, with this review examining the consequential effects of misplacement to ECG morphology, diagnosis, prognosis, patient outcomes, and potential impact to patient care pathway. Objectives: This review examined the significance of misplacement, its’ commonality and ensuing effect on patient safety, accurate ECG acquisition and diagnosis, with evaluation of reasons for such misplacement.Methodology: Review of available literature was conducted using electronic databases. In-line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta – analysis protocols (PRISMA) 2015 checklist, this review was conducted with search criteria, search terms, eligibility for inclusion/ exclusion criteria, extraction and data analysis predetermined by the authors. Keywords were arranged according to grouping of terms surrounding ECG, anatomical placement, and diagnosis. The search strategy was conducted during September/October 2019. Scoping searches were conducted alongside reference lists of included studies hand searched (Snowballing) for further relevant studies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to methodically appraise papers (CASP, 2019). Screening of titles and abstracts of identified citations was performed by a single reviewer. Eligible articles then full text screened independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were discussed and resolved by a third reviewer. In instances of unclear reporting, authors were contacted to provide further information and clarity. Assessment of relevant literature and critical appraisal of primary research, pertaining to the clinical diagnosis and effects of anatomical misplacement of ECG electrodes, formulate the thematic discussion drawn by this review. Results: This review identified a plethora of causes, ranging from: operator error; lack of anatomical awareness; inaccurate assessment of anatomical landmarks; obesity; differences in anatomy/gender; levels of undress and lack of appreciation of consequences of misplacement, both modifiable and non-modifiable attributable to electrode misplacement. Clinical diagnosis can be altered owing to erroneous placement of electrodes. ECG morphology is altered due to incorrect anatomical misplacement, culminating substandard practice, a missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and potential harm. Conclusion: Correct anatomical placement of ECG electrodes is essential to diagnosis in the clinical setting. Peer-led educational intervention with mandatory training is essential to improve practice. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42019152461

Patients' Rights and Medical Personnel Duties in the Field of Hospital Care

2016 ◽  
pp. 282-297
Author(s):  
Bogusław Sygit ◽  
Damian Wąsik
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Patient Rights ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Consent To Treatment ◽  
The Right

The aim of this chapter is to describe selected universal rights of the patient. The authors specify the seven types of patient rights: the right to appropriate organization of treatment on equal terms, the right to respect patient's dignity and privacy, the right to full and comprehensible information on the state of health, the right of access to medical documentation, the right to self-determination - to agree to provide health care services, the right to respect for private and family life and religion and the right to seek compensation and other benefits in the event of damage to the result of medical malpractice. This classification is the basis to discuss the specifics of each of them with reference to specific examples of their implementation or violations. The chapter specifically addresses the issues such as the obligation to inform the patient of the medical procedure, the legal conditions for the effectiveness of consent to treatment and the principle of access to medical documentation. Presentation of patients' rights is made from the perspective of fulfilling the duties of medical personnel working in hospitals. The authors make extensive use of current case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The undeniable advantage of the publication is to present selected theses of Polish court rulings issued in cases of violation of patient rights.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Infectious Keratitis after Keratorefractive Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shahla Afsharpaiman ◽  
Musa Zare ◽  
Masoud Yasemi ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Keratorefractive Surgery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Parts

Background. The keratorefractive surgeries (KRS) are one of the most common ocular surgeries. One of the dangerous complications of these surgeries is infectious keratitis (IK), which is the second cause of blindness after cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of IK after KRS in different parts of the world. Methods. In order to obtain relevant studies, all national and international databases including IranMedex, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using standard keywords. Results. IK prevalence after KRS was 0.000496% (0.000145% for the left eye and 0.000149% for the right eye). IK prevalence after KRS in the United States, Europe, and Asia was 0.000667%, 0.000473%, and 0.000045%, respectively, in all of which the common microorganisms were Staphylococci. Meta-regression showed no significant association between IK after KRS and either sample size or publication year of the studies. IK prevalence after KRS in the right eye was more than that in the left one. Also, the probability of IK incidence after LASIK surgery was more than PRK and LASEK. In the evaluation of continents, IK after KRS in the United States was more frequent compared with Europe and Asia. Conclusions. This study provided data as to the overall prevalence of IK following KRS and its variations according to the types of eye, surgery, pathogenic microorganism, and geographical location.

scholarly journals Anxiety disorders and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pérez-Piñar ◽  
L. Ayerbe ◽  
E. González ◽  
R. Mathur ◽  
Q. Foguet-Boreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Anxiety

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem worldwide. However, the evidence on the association between anxiety disorders and risk of stroke is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis presents a critical appraisal and summary of the available evidence on the association between anxiety disorders and risk of stroke.MethodsCohort studies reporting risk of stroke among patients with anxiety disorders were searched in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the Web of Science, from database inception to June 2016. The quality of the studies was assessed using standard criteria. A meta-analysis was undertaken to obtain pooled estimates of the risk of stroke among patients with anxiety disorders.ResultsEight studies, including 950,759 patients, from the 11,764 references initially identified, were included in this review. A significantly increased risk of stroke for patients with anxiety disorders was observed, with an overall hazard ratio: 1.24 (1.09–1.41), P = 0.001. No significant heterogeneity between studies was detected and the funnel plot suggested that publication bias was unlikely. Limited evidence suggests that the risk of stroke is increased shortly after the diagnosis of anxiety and that risk of stroke may be higher for patients with severe anxiety.ConclusionsAnxiety disorders are a very prevalent modifiable condition associated with risk of stroke increased by 24%. This evidence could inform the development of interventions for the management of anxiety and the prevention of stroke. Further studies on the risk of stroke in patients with anxiety, and the explanatory factors for this association, are required.

scholarly journals Awareness of the Importance of and Adherence to Patients’ Rights Among Physicians and Nurses in Oman: An analytical cross-sectional study across different levels of healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Aisha N. Al-Saadi ◽  
Salah B. A. Slimane ◽  
Rawya A. Al-Shibli ◽  
Fatema Y. Al-Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Rights ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Primary Care Staff

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the extent to which physicians and nurses in Oman were aware of the importance of and adhere to patients’ rights and whether this differed according to role, nationality, position and institutional healthcare level. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2015 and March 2016 at various governmental healthcare institutions in Oman. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1,385 practitioners at all healthcare levels. Results: A total of 1,213 healthcare practitioners (response rate: 87.58%) completed the survey, of which 685 (56.47%) were nurses and 528 (43.53%) were physicians. Overall, awareness of the importance of patients’ rights was high (91.51%), although adherence to these rights in practice was low (63.81%). The right of the patient to be informed was considered least important and was least adhered to (81.2% and 56.39%). Nationality, role and institutional level were significantly associated with awareness (P = 0.002, 0.024 and 0.034, respectively). Non-Omani staff were significantly more likely than Omani staff to be aware of (odds ratio [OR] = 1.696; P = 0.032) and adhere to (OR = 2.769; P <0.001) patient rights. Furthermore, tertiary care staff were twice as likely as primary care staff to perceive the importance of patient rights (OR = 2.076; P = 0.019). While physicians were more likely than nurses to be aware of the importance of patient rights, this difference was not significant (OR = 1.516; P = 0.126). Conclusion: These findings may help inform measures to enhance awareness of and adherence to patients’ rights in Oman.Keywords: Medical Ethics; Patient Rights; Awareness; Adherence; Physicians; Nurses; Oman.

scholarly journals La evidencia cualitativa y el cuidado del paciente en diálisis peritoneal

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Ana Julia Carrillo-Algarra ◽  
Nathaly Duque Salazar ◽  
Kimberly Julieth Nieto Parra
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses

Introducción: La atención de enfermería como relación entre un sujeto de cuidado y un profesional con capacidad para hacerlo requiere que éste último comprenda las vivencias que la enfermedad y los tratamientos generan en la persona. Objetivo: Establecer interrelación entre las evidencias cualitativas disponibles en la literatura científica cualitativa publicada entre 1997-2014 respecto al cuidado de enfermería a pacientes en Diálisis Peritoneal con las taxonomías enfermeras. Material y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo en el cuál, previa autorización del comité de ética e investigación, se realizó revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos en tres etapas: 1. Búsqueda en las bases de datos: PubMed, Embase, CUIDEN, CINAHL, Dialnet, Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Web of Science. 2. Evaluación de calidad metodológica por pares independientes utilizando el Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, en español; 3. Síntesis de evidencias cualitativas, que se interrelacionaron con las taxonomías Nursing Diagnoses: definitions and classification, y Nursing Intervention Classification. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 estudios que permitieron, desde la voz de los sujetos de investigación reportadas por los autores y homologadas con las características definitorias, formular diagnósticos y determinar intervenciones de enfermería enmarcadas en los 13 dominios establecidos por la Nursing Diagnoses: definitions and classification. Algunos resultados y conclusiones en sí mismos son evidencias cualitativas del cuidado que requieren las personas en diálisis peritoneal. Discusión y conclusiones: La diálisis peritoneal interfiere en todos los dominios, afectando al sujeto, su familia y su entorno. En general requiere de educación y apoyo permanente para lograr adherencia.

Patients' Rights and Medical Personnel Duties in the Field of Hospital Care

2017 ◽  
pp. 1169-1184
Author(s):  
Bogusław Sygit ◽  
Damian Wąsik
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Patient Rights ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Consent To Treatment ◽  
The Right

The aim of this chapter is to describe selected universal rights of the patient. The authors specify the seven types of patient rights: the right to appropriate organization of treatment on equal terms, the right to respect patient's dignity and privacy, the right to full and comprehensible information on the state of health, the right of access to medical documentation, the right to self-determination - to agree to provide health care services, the right to respect for private and family life and religion and the right to seek compensation and other benefits in the event of damage to the result of medical malpractice. This classification is the basis to discuss the specifics of each of them with reference to specific examples of their implementation or violations. The chapter specifically addresses the issues such as the obligation to inform the patient of the medical procedure, the legal conditions for the effectiveness of consent to treatment and the principle of access to medical documentation. Presentation of patients' rights is made from the perspective of fulfilling the duties of medical personnel working in hospitals. The authors make extensive use of current case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The undeniable advantage of the publication is to present selected theses of Polish court rulings issued in cases of violation of patient rights.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Instruments Used for Evaluating Causal Beliefs and Perceived Heart Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Saeidi ◽  
Saeid Komasi ◽  
Angelo Compare
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Causal Beliefs ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Grading Scales

Background: The etiologies and causal beliefs of heart disease are considered one of the 5 dimensions of health selfregulatory model. Thus, the present study aimed to review the literature and screen the appropriate tools for evaluating the causal beliefs and perceived heart risk factors (PHRFs). Methods: The review samples encompassed all published articles from 1992 to March 2017. A systematic search was conducted across 6 databases: the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, EBSCO, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. The qualitative evaluation of the articles was examined using the checklists of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) by 2 independent investigators. After the application of the criteria for inclusion in the study, 22 studies were obtained according to the PRISMA guidelines.  Results: A total of 10 504 (50.5% male) patients at an average age of 57.85±10.75 years participated in 22 studies under review. The results of the systematic review showed that 22 tools were available to measure PHRFs. The instruments were categorized into 4 groups of valid scales (6 studies), invalid questionnaires (6 studies), checklists (3 studies), and open-ended single items (7 studies). Only 23.2% of the measuring instruments were sufficiently valid. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review showed that a limited number of valid tools were available to measure PHRFs. Considering the importance of studying cardiac patients’ perception of the etiology of disease and the paucity of standards and valid grading scales, it seems necessary to design and provide tools with broader content that can cover all aspects of patients’ beliefs.  

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