scholarly journals Somatic Embryo from Basal Leaf Segments of Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. pallida

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Popy Hartatie Hardjo ◽  
Wina Dian Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Leaf Segments ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation ◽  
Benzyl Amino Purine ◽  
Plant Micropropagation

<p class="Els-Abstract-text">Somatic embryogenesis is one of techniques in plant micropropagation. The induction of somatic embryogenesis through callus phase was done on <em>Vanda tricolor</em> Lindl. var. pallida. This study aimed to find out the effect of naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) in inducing somatic embryogenesis via callus on the basal leaf segments of <em>Vanda tricolor</em> Lindl. var. pallida. The half-strength of Murashige and Skoog (½ MS) medium with 1 % sucrose, incorporated with (0.02 mg · L<sup>–1</sup>and 0.05 mg · L<sup>–1</sup>) NAA and also 0.01 mg · L<sup>–1</sup> BAP were used in this experiment. The best medium for embryogenic callus formation and proliferation was 0.05 mg · L<sup>–1</sup> NAA in combination with 0.01 mg · L<sup>–1</sup> BAP. The formation of somatic embryos occurred 30 d after the calluses were cultured on to ½ MS without the addition of plant growth regulator and subsequently formed shoots.</p>

scholarly journals The evaluation of java fine flavor cocoa propagation through somatic embryogenesis technique for germplasm preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01056
Author(s):  
Sulistyani Pancaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Germplasm Preservation ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryos

Somatic embryogenesis is one of the newest technology that applied for the mass production of cocoa. This research aims to evaluate the regeneration rate of somatic embryos through somatic embryogenesis propagation techniques on java fine flavor cocoa. Cultivars in this study are ICCRI 01, ICCRI 02, DR 1, DR 2, DRC 16, DR 38, PNT 16, and PNT 30. Observations include parameters to determine the percentage of primary callus and embryogenic callus formation and the number of somatic embryos produced. Based on data, the ability of callus to produce primary embryos is highly dependent on plant cultivars and explant sources. Five cultivars showed a higher regeneration rate using explants from the petal part, while the rest showed a higher regeneration rate using explants from the staminode section. Embryogenic callus from each cacao cultivar has the same basic structure: a nodular friable structure consisting of many embryonic cells. Some fine flavor cacao cultivars that were able to produce callus and primary somatic embryos could not produce secondary somatic embryos and plantlets. However, two cultivars, which had low potential in producing primary embryos, had the high ability to produce secondary somatic embryos and develop into plantlets.

scholarly journals INDUCTION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH EMBRYOGENESIS OF OENANTHE STOLONIFERA DC.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 693e-693
Author(s):  
Ji-Weon Lee ◽  
Byoung-Yil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Friable Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Rapid Mass ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation

The study was carried out to examine the appropriate media, explant sources, and suitable growth regulators for somatic embryogenesis to establish a rapid mass production system via somatic embryogenesis in Oenanthe stolonifera DC. Modified MS media containing higher concentrations of NO3-N were more effective for the formation and development of the somatic embryos from embryogenic callus. Liquid media were more effective for the production of somatic embryos than solidified media. Immature florets were found to be the most competent explant sources for embryogenic callus formation. 2,4-D at 1mg/l was highly effective for the formation of embryogenic callus but inhibitory for the development and differentiation of somatic embryo. Somatic embryos were developed from the translucent and friable embryogenic callus. Addition of BA promoted the callus growth synefgistically with NAA and 2,4-D, but the production of embryogenic callus was inhibited by BA.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration through Somatic Embryogenesis from Leaf Sheath Derived Callus of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) var. Isd -16

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohashweta Roy ◽  
M. Hossain ◽  
A. Biswas ◽  
M. K. Biswas ◽  
R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Half Strength

Leaf sheath explants of an indigenous variety Isd-16 of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) produced light yellow friable callus after culturing on to MS with 2,4-D (2 - 4 mg/l) and NAA (3 - 5 mg/l) singly. Callus formation was the maximum on MS + 3 mg/l 2,4-D. Callus underwent embryogenesis producing huge number of somatic embryos when subcultured on MS with 15 - 30 mg/l             L-proline, 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 5 - 10% coconut water (v/v) and 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 10% CW  (v/v) + 300 - 500 mg/l CH. L-proline significantly enhanced somatic embryo-genesis and 25 mg/l L-proline in MS was the best culture medium formulation. Most of the somatic embryos germinated and developed plantlets after 1 - 2 weeks of incubation in proline-supplimented medium. On the other hand, maturation and germination of embryos were achieved on half-strength MS with or without 0.25 - 1.0 mg/l L-proline, and 5% coconut water (v/v). Somatic embryos derived plantlets were then successfully transferred to natural condition through successive phages of acclimation.   Key words: Plant regeneration, Leaf sheath, Somatic embryogenesis, Sugarcane   D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10237   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 143-149, 2011 (December)

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Cucumber

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lou ◽  
S. Kako
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation ◽  
Internode Explants

The embryogenic capacity of seven cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars was examined by tissue culture of cotyledon, young first-leaf, and internode explants. Somatic embryogenesis frequencies differed significantly among the tested cultivars, and `Fushinarimidori' produced the highest number of embryos from either cotyledons or young first leaves. Cotyledon- and first-leaf-derived calluses produced more embryos than calluses from internodes. Somatic embryos were induced from `Aonaga F1' internodes. With relatively high sucrose levels (6% and 9%) in the initiation medium, the frequency of embryogenic callus formation from `Fushinarimidori' cotyledon explants was >90%. The highest yield of somatic embryos occurred in cultures initiated with high sucrose levels (9% or 12%), although 12% sucrose inhibited callus formation and growth. Somatic embryos germinated in a basal liquid medium supplemented with 0.5% activated charcoal, and they developed into well-shaped, healthy plantlets on semisolid medium with 1% sucrose.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis from Leaf and Floral Explants of ‘Chancellor’ Wine Grape

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M.S. Mulwa ◽  
Margaret M.A. Norton ◽  
Robert M. Skirvin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Conversion Stage ◽  
Cotyledon Expansion ◽  
Floral Explants ◽  
Shoot Meristems

Abundant embryogenic callus was obtained from leaf and floral explants of "Chancellor" grape by continuous culture for 12 weeks on Nitsch and Nitsch basal medium supplemented with 9 μM 2, 4-D + 17 μM IASP + either 1 μM BA or 1 μM TDZ (ECIM) in darkness. They were successfully maintained by a five to six week subculture interval on NN medium containing 2 μM 2, 4-D + 0.2 μM TDZ + 4 μM IASP (LTMM). Near synchronous embryo developed from embryogenic callus on medium containing 10 μM IASP + 8 μM NOA + 1 μM TDZ + 1 μM ABA + 2.5 g/l AC (EDMM).  Individually separated somatic embryos were germinated on both NN and half strength of MS containing 0.5 μM BA + 0.025 μM NAA, respectively; normal plantlet conversion from embryos was low (35%).  Whole fruiting plants were obtained. Aberrant embryo development was characterized by failure to form functional shoot meristems following the initial cotyledon expansion during germination. These observations indicate that the embryo conversion stage of the regeneration is difficult and remains a limiting factor requiring more empirical experimentation for improvement in grape tissue culture.   Key words: Chancellor grape, Regeneration, Somatic embryogenesis   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i2.6895   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(2): 157-170, 2010 (December)

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE INDUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANGOSTEEN SOMATIC EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yosi Zendra Joni ◽  
Riry Prihatini ◽  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Ika Roostika
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction

<p>Somatic embryogenesis is a technique for regenerating embryos derived from somatic cells of various plant species. This technique along with the utilization of plant growth regulator (PGR) might benefit for mass propagation and improvement of plant species through biotechnological tools. The study aimed to determine the effect of different plant growth regu-lators, namely 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the embryogenic callus induction as well as casein hydrolysate and malt extract on the somatic embryo development of mangosteen. The explants used were in vitro young stems of mangosteen clone Leuwiliang. This study consisted of two experiments, namely induction of embryogenic callus and formation of somatic embryo. The first experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with BA (0 and 0.7 mg l-1) as the first factor and TDZ (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1) as the second factor. The second experiment consisted of four treatments, i.e. casein hydrolysate and malt extract at the rate of 500 and 1,000 mg l-1. The results showed that the best medium for embryogenic callus induction was MS supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ, which resulted semifriable calli. Casein hydrolysate and malt extract could not induce the formation of somatic embryos. After two times subcultures on the same MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 TDZ and 0.7 mg l-1 BA, a total of 33.8 somatic embryos per explant was induced. The successful somatic embryogenesis would support mangosteen breeding and in vitro mass propagation program.</p>

scholarly journals Induction of somatic embryogenesis in two cultivars of anthurium analysed by scanning electron microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Priscila Bezerra Dos Santos Melo ◽  
Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto de Carvalho ◽  
Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães Bertini ◽  
Celli Rodrigues Muniz ◽  
Adroaldo Guimarães Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Somatic embryogenesis is an advantageous tool in the commercial production of micropropagated anthurium plantlets. As such, the aim of this study was to establish a protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Jureia and Luau cultivars. Defoliated nodal segments, 1.0 cm in length and containing one bud, were used as explants. The experimental design was completely randomised, in a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme (cultivar: Jureia and Luau x auxin: 2,4-D, NAA and Picloram x concentration: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 μM), with 30 treatments in a scheme of plots split over time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days). The anatomy and percentage of embryogenic callus formation were analysed. The structures formed, analysed by scanning electron microscopy, corresponded to embryogenic calli. The Luau cultivar was superior in forming embryogenic calli. For the two cultivars, among the auxins under study, NAA demonstrated a greater induction potential for somatic embryogenesis, with the concentration of 7.5 μM giving the highest mean values. The 90-day evaluation period showed the maximum formation of embryogenic calli; however, mean values were fairly similar to the 75-day evaluation period. To induce embryogenic calli, therefore, it is suggested that the nodal segments be inoculated into a culture medium with added NAA growth regulator at a concentration of 7.5 μM, and that the explants remain in this medium for 75 days after inoculation.

scholarly journals Bioproduction of Diosgenin in Callus Cultures of Balanites aegyptiaca: Effect of Growth Regulators, Explants and Somatic Embryogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Chapagain ◽  
Vinod Saharan ◽  
Dan Pelah ◽  
Ram C. Yadav ◽  
Zeev Wiesman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Basal Media

This study describes the effects of plant growth regulators, explants, and somatic embryogenesis on in vitro production of the steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin, in callus cultures of the Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.(desert date). Root, shoot, hypocotyl, and epicotyl callus culture of B. aegyptiaca, were raised on MS basal media supplemented with various combinations of either 2,4-D and NAA alone, or with BAP. The diosgenin content (on a dry weight basis) was found to be highest when calli were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D alone and/or in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP. However, the callus growth was highest in media supplemented with 2.5 or 3.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. MS basal media supplemented with 2,4-D 2.5 mg l−1 alone and in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP induced pre-embryogenic callus formation on root cultures. When these pre-embryogenic callus cultures were used to establish cell suspension cultures, two growth densities were obtained in embryogenic suspension cultures, inducing clusters of somatic embryos at various stages of development. The maximum number of somatic embryos were obtained at the fifth week on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. However, the diosgenin content in these somatic cells was found to be lower compared to the explant calluses. This study revealed that production of diosgenin in callus cultures of B. aegyptiaca is possible, but the amount is significantly affected by the growth regulators, type of explants, and somatic embryogenesis.

Histological studies of cellular differentiation during somatic embryogenesis of coconut plumule-derived calli

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lakshmi Jayaraj ◽  
U. Bhavyashree ◽  
T.P. Fayas ◽  
K.K. Sajini ◽  
M.K. Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Meristem Development

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>Since coconut is   one of the most recalcitrant species to generate <em>in vitro</em>, it is   necessary to study in detail about the cellular changes that occur during   somatic embryogenesis to enhance our knowledge about this phenomenon. In the   present study, coconut plumular tissues, the shoot meristem including leaf   primordia, were used as explants for <em>in vitro </em>regeneration studies.   Histological studies were carried out in different stages of plumule culture.   No noticeable growth was observed in 15 days old cultures. After 30 days,   meristematic cells could be identified. Abundance of meristematic cells,   foremost to the development of callus structures, was observed after 45 days.   After 75 days, globular friable calli were formed and histological studies   revealed the presence of meristematic centers which eventually formed somatic   embryos. The histological study of matured somatic embryos formed after 120   days of callus initiation showed a clear meristematic zone of parenchyma   cells, surrounded by vascular bundles. Histological studies, carried out for   certain abnormalities like compact calli, abnormal somatic embryoids with   rudimentary shoots and multiplied roots, revealed the presence of intact   cotyledonary leaves which seemed to inhibit the apical meristem development   of somatic embryoids. The presence of vascular bundles in the early stages of   callus formation might lead to the direct formation of meristemoids. These   results could aid future studies leading to enhanced control of the somatic   embryogenic process and greater efficiency of somatic embryo and plantlet   formation in coconut.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

scholarly journals Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from calli derived from leaf bases of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H Al Gabbiesh ◽  
M Ghabeish ◽  
I H ◽  
M Kleinwächter ◽  
D Selmar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Culture Technology

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in embryo culture on half MS medium supplemented with NAA (8 mg/l) as the sole plant growth regulator after incubation of the media in the refrigerator at 4°C for two weeks to promote callus induction and somatic embryogenesis in Laurus nobilis. Both embryogenetic calli and somatic embryos were induced in the above selected medium. Embryo growth and development were stimulated by separation of embryos successfully from embryo clusters and transferred onto fresh half MS. Among the selected explants, only leaf bases were found to respond actively to plant regeneration, especially in inducing callus formation and in sustaining faster callus growth. Root formation of regenerated plantlets tended to decrease with time on regeneration media. Overall, 75% of the plantlets derived from the callus survived in the greenhouse; and they all grew to phenotypically normal plants. This procedure will enable the use of regeneration tissue culture technology for germplasm conservation of L. nobilis, a plant of high medicinal and commercial value.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 213-221, 2014 (December)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document