scholarly journals Problems Of Operation Of Elastomer Materials In The Arctic Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
N.N. Petrova ◽  
V.V. Portnyagina ◽  
V.V. Mukhin ◽  
E.S. Kyzmina
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>The operability of frost-resistant industrial sealing rubbers on the basis of full-scale exposure of rubber samples in the environment of oil in cold climate has been investigated. It is found that interaction of rubbers with oil media (fuel, lubricants) causes diffusion of a plasticizer from the elastomer material into the contacting medium and decrease of frost resistance coefficient. Choosing the material for production of different seals for the conditions of the North one must use rubbers with significant temperature range of operation, for example propylen-oxide elastomer, which is highly frost resistant  and has a stable set of operational properties.</p>

scholarly journals Cultural Identities in Sustaining Religious Communities in the Arctic Region: An Ethnographic Analysis of Religiosity from the Northern Viewpoint

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Nafisa Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
The North ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
European Arctic ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
The Arctic Region

AbstractNorthern countries are facing the challenges of declining human capital, and admitting immigrants, many of whom belong to religious minorities, to satisfy the demand for labour. If northern societies accept multiculturalism and immigrants, they should not disregard the cultures and religious practices (for example, ritual slaughter) of immigrants, as they need to survive and integrate as a minority community in a secular society. However, there is clash between secularism and religions permitting animal slaughter, which is prohibited by some and allowed by other European countries. Community viability and sustainability depend partly on the exercise of community beliefs and ideology that support identity behaviour. This study will present an ethnographic analysis of the religiosity related to ritual slaughter and Muslim cultural identity in the European Arctic region and explore how religious relativism and practice sustain the community and support the overall integration of the Muslim minority in the North.

scholarly journals The Arctic Five: search for a balance of power in the region

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
I. S. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Arctic Region

Due to climate change, the Arctic region becomes a place of geopolitical rivalry of both Arctic and non-Arctic states. Traditional formats for determining the agenda in the region are effective, but with the advent of the interest of an increasing number of international actors, these formats are transforming, which may affect the balance of power in the region. The growing activity of Asian countries in the Arctic, primarily China, is forcing regional states to make adjustments to the development strategy of the region. The rapid renewal of its potential in the northern territories of Russia caused a negative reaction from the western countries, especially after 2014.Such aspirations have emerged as the internationalization of the region by Northern Europe and China, the desire to draw clear boundaries on the part of Russia and Canada, and the buildup of US influence on its colleagues in the North Atlantic bloc. This situation may cause an uncontrolled increase in tension in the region, especially if new alliances between the Arctic and non-Arctic countries are created. The author considers the current approaches of the countries of the Arctic five, analyzes the true motives of internationalization and the role of the format of the Arctic five in maintaining a balance of power and stability in the northern latitudes.

scholarly journals SEISMICITY of the ARCTIC in 2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
A. Morozov ◽  
G. Avetisov ◽  
G. Antonovskaya ◽  
V. Asming ◽  
S. Baranov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Station ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Ocean Ridges ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article provides an overview and analysis of seismicity within the boundaries of the Arctic region for 2015, a description of seismic station networks, and processing methods. The catalog of earthquakes in the Arctic region was compiled on the basis of catalogs of several organizations and seismological centers. In total, 334 earthquakes are included in the earthquake catalog. Most of the earthquakes that occurred in 2015, including all the strongest earthquakes, were located within the mid-ocean ridges of Mon, Knipovich and Gakkel. In the offshore territories, most of the earthquakes were confined to the Svalbard archipelago, in particular, to the seismically active zone in the Sturfjord strait. The renewal of instrumental seismological observations in 2011 (station ZFI) on Alexandra Land Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago made it possible to record weak earthquakes in the north of the shelf of the Barents and Kara Seas. For twelve earthquakes, the focal mechanism parameters are presented according to the Global CMT catalog.

scholarly journals The specificity of Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sofia Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The subject of this research is the policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. The object is Russia&rsquo;s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021&ndash;2023. The author meticulously analyzes the positions of the state, taking into account national interests and peculiarities of the current international situation in the region. The article examines the domestic legislative acts adopted for regulation of the Arctic Region, as well as international documents aimed at sustainable development of the North. The conditions of collective security dictate moderate and clearly defined policy in the Arctic, which is the central arena for political action with the leading role of the Russian Federation until 2023. The conclusion is drawn that the Arctic Region is currently the most relevant vector of the policy of northern states. Chairmanship of the Russian Federation imposes enormous responsibility on the country, as despite the overall state of security in the region, there remains a range of unresolved issues. The attempts of institutionalization of the Arctic Council may become an implicit threat for the Russian Federation; this is why the systematization of domestic legislation and foreign policy actions on maintaining the health of ecosystem, cultural heritage, and environmental policy have become the priority vectors in the first year of Russia&rsquo;s chairmanship. The overall responsibility of the leading actor the Arctic does not exclude the existence of classic threats to the security of state&rsquo;s sovereignty, which requires accurate planning in subsequent years of the chairmanship.

An Environmentally Literate Explorer

Sibirica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Seija A. Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The Arctic Region

Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901), a Finnish Swedish scientist and explorer, made three expeditions to the North Asian coast between 1875 and 1879. He completed ten expeditions to the Arctic region between 1858 and 1883. The unifying goal of the North Asian expeditions was to open a trade route between Europe and Siberia. As a scientist, Nordenskiöld also studied the flora, fauna, geology, geography, hydrology, meteorology, ethnology, and history, and produced charts of this unfamiliar territory. This article argues that Nordenskiöld used his skills of environmental literacy when he combined the commercial and scientific goals of his expeditions. He also had the ability to deal with the environment in practical and rational terms, which I argue is also one expression of environmental literacy.

Inuit Governance and Contemporary Challenges: New Questions for Arctic Governance

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-188
Author(s):  
Cécile Pelaudeix
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Level ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
The Arctic Region

Abstract This article explores the concept of governance, primarily in terms of policy rather than law, and examines current Inuit governance in light of recent economic and political changes in the Arctic region at the national and international level, with criteria of procedure (effficiency) and substance (equity). It points out that striking diffferences exist between Inuit regions in terms of governance and political institutions. Regarding procedure, it is shown that the main impediments are the fragmentation of administrative institutions and the implementations of provisions of agreements. In terms of equity, in some cases the right to self-determination is not guaranteed or efffective, and the ownership of land, sub-surface rights, except in Greenland is not operative. On the international stage, the equity criteria is not met. Completed with an approach in terms of politics, according to which the weigh of actors, such as Inuit actors, included in the process of governance, should be related to their political representativeness, the approach in terms of governance shows that Inuit governance has reached a stage that requires new balances of power between regional, national and international institutions, therefore a renewed reflection on centre and periphery to re-imagine the place the South could have in the North.

Seismicity and focal mechanisms of the Arctic region and the North American plate boundary in Asia

2015 ◽  
pp. 79-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Fujita ◽  
David B. Cook ◽  
Henry Hasegawa ◽  
David Forsyth ◽  
Robert Wetmiller
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
North American Plate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Region

Жапониянын уюлдар саясаты

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Ишчи Арманбек
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Arctic Region

Аннотация. Акыркы жылдардын ичинде Түндүк жана Түштүк уюлдардын мааниси эл аралык аренада жогорулашында күмөн жок. Жапония да Түндүк Уюлдун тарабына көңүлүн буруп, натыйжада бул региондо өлкөнүн кызыкчылыктарына ылайык келген улуттук саясат иштелип чыкканы таң калтырбайт. Арктика кеңешинин мамлекеттери менен кызматташууну өнүктүрүп, 2013-жылдан тартып Жапония Арктика аймагында негизги акторлордун бири болуп саналат. Макалада Жапониянын Түндүк уюлга карата саясаты каралат, бул аймактын табигый байлыктарын, өзгөчө энергия ресурстарын колдонуу боюнча эл аралык документтер көрсөтүлөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: Жапония, Түндүк уюл, Арктика кеңеши, улуттук саясат, энергия ресурстары, мөңгүлөр. Аннотация. Нет никакого сомнения в том, что за последние годы возросла значимость Северного и Южного полюсов на международной арене. Неудивительно, что и Япония обратила свой взор в сторону Северного Полюса, в результате чего была выработана национальная политика, которая соответствует интересам страны в данном регионе. Развивая сотрудничество с государствами Ар- ктического совета, Япония с 2013 года считается одним из основных актёров в арктическом регионе. В статье рассматривается политика Японии в отношении Северного полюса, приводятся международные документы относительно пользования природными богатствами данного региона, в особенности энергоресурсами. Ключевые слова: Япония, Северный полюс, Арктический совет, национальная политика, энергоресурсы, ледники. Abstract. There is no doubt that in recent years the importance of the North and South Poles has increased in the international arena. It is not surprising that Japan turned its eyes towards the North Pole, as a result of which a national policy was devel- oped which corresponds to the interests of the country in the region. Developing coop- eration with the states of the Arctic Council, Japan since 2013 is considered one of the main actors in the Arctic region. The article discusses the policy of Japan in relation to the North Pole, provides international documents on the use of the natural resources of the region, especially energy. Keywords: Japan, the North Pole, the Arctic Council, national policy, energy, gla- ciers

Investigation of the Plasticizer Content Effects on the Operability of the Epichlorohydrin Rubber Based Elastomeric Material during Full-Scale Test under Cold Climate Conditions and Hydrocarbon Medium Influence

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
V.V. Mukhin ◽  
Natalia N. Petrova ◽  
V.V. Portnyagina ◽  
A.L. Fedorov ◽  
A.V. Baisheva
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Plasticizer Content ◽  
Elastomeric Material ◽  
Hydrocarbon Medium ◽  
Nitrile Rubbers

Sealing rubbers used in the climatic conditions of the Far North and the Arctic, based on butadiene-nitrile rubbers contain significant amounts of plasticizers, which increase their frost resistance. They lose low-temperature and operational properties when they contact with the hydrocarbon medium due to intensive plasticizer washing out. Zeon Hydrin T6000 epichlorohydrin rubber, has a low glass transition temperature (Tg = -60 °C) and resistance to aggressive media. The model rubber was developed that minimally meets the requirements for sealing rubbers. Samples were exposed in oil, for 2 years, in climate of Yakutsk, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. The climate is characterized by significant average daily temperature fluctuations with a transition through the 0 °C and low temperatures below-60 °C. For comparison, simultaneously rubbers based on butadiene-nitrile rubbers was investigated. Every two months, the main parameters were measured: swelling degree, tensile strength, elongation, frost resistance coefficient for elastic recovery after compression at-50 °C and-30 °C, compression set and plasticizer content by means of IR spectroscopy. Model rubber showed excellent frost resistance while retaining the other properties, regardless of the plasticizer content, while rubber based on butadiene-nitrile rubber irreversibly lost low-temperature properties in the first months. Similar results were obtained earlier in the study propylene oxide rubber produced in Russia (Tg = -74°C). During full-scale exposure, a small dependence of its low-temperature characteristics on the amount of plasticizer in the elastomeric material was also revealed. Thus, epichlorohydrin rubber Hydrin T6000 can be used as a sealing rubber.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Rivers over the Arctic: Lagrangian Characterisation of Their Moisture Sources

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Vázquez ◽  
Iago Algarra ◽  
Jorge Eiras-Barca ◽  
Alexandre M. Ramos ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
Moisture Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Continental Origin ◽  
The Arctic Region

In recent years, the Arctic has become a subject of special interest due to the drastic effect of climate change over the region. Despite that there are several mechanisms that influence the Arctic region; some recent studies have suggested significant influences of moisture transport over the observed loss of sea ice. Moisture transport can affect the region in different ways: direct precipitation over the region, radiative effect from the cloud cover and through the release of latent heat. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) represent one of the main events involved in moisture transport from the tropics to the mid-latitudes and despite having been shown especially relevant on the northward advection, their effect over the Arctic has not been deeply investigated. The aim of this work was to establish the groundwork for future studies about the effect of ARs linked to moisture transport over the Arctic region. For this purpose, an automated algorithm was used to identify regions of maximum AR occurrence over the Arctic. This was done by analysing the number of AR detections every month over a band of 10° of latitude centred on 60° N. The Lagrangian model FLEXPART was used to find the areas where the ARs take their moisture to the Arctic. Using this model, the anomalous moisture contribution to these baroclinic structures was analysed taking into account only the dates of AR occurrence. From the results, it appears that the main moisture sources for AR events extend over the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans; moreover, the local input of moisture over the region of maximum AR occurrence seems to be especially relevant. In general terms, moisture comes from major evaporative areas over the western part of the oceanic regions in the band between 30° and 40° N for most months in the year, showing a continental origin in the summer months. This behaviour agrees with the climatological moisture transport into the Arctic determined in previous studies. However, in special association with AR events, an intensification of local moisture uptake is observed over the area of maximum AR activity and nearby. The study of the origin of this moisture and associated anomalies for Arctic ARs is an important step in the analysis of the effect of these structures on the Arctic environment.

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