scholarly journals Hybrid Induction Sensing Method for Detection of Underground Cable Lines and Pipelines

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Bryakin ◽  
Igor V. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Induction Sounding ◽  
Cable Lines ◽  
Response Method

The analysis of the principles of searchers construction was carried out. It was found that induction route methods based on measurements of secondary electromagnetic fields, which are created by currents induced in a cable by independent radiating systems using third-party power sources, have received the greatest use. For the implementation of these methods, radiating systems of various types are used, such as frame or vibrator antennas. When building locators, the mutual distribution of the receiving and transmitting coils is of particular importance. The research group considered options for the mutual arrangement of the coils. It was found that when building a track finding equipment, two basic methods of control are widely used: the response method of the electromagnetic field parameters to the internal or surface impedance of the medium when the electromagnetic field propagates in or above the ground, respectively, and the input impedance response method of the receiving frame on the electromagnetic properties of the medium being probed. Based on the features of these two methods, a new hybrid method of induction sounding was proposed, which actually combines these two methods. When implementing this hybrid method, an induction probe (IP), which is an induction transducer of a magnetic field into an electrical signal, contains a receiving ferrite antenna (FA) and a loop antenna (LA), and LA combines the functions of transmitting and receiving antennas. A design variant of an IP with coplanar placement of FA relative to LA, which provides full geometric compensation of the primary field, is proposed. When IP operates, information is recorded on one information channel from LA (the current value of the amplitude of the exciting current) and on two information channels from the FA (current values of the amplitudes of the voltages of the active and reactive components of the output signal of the FA, respectively). The implementation of such information redundancy significantly increases the information content, efficiency and reliability of the proposed hybrid method.

scholarly journals Effect of Stripline Number on Resonant Frequency of Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator Metamaterial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Romi Fadli Syahputra ◽  
Yan Soerbakti ◽  
Riad Syech ◽  
Erman Taer ◽  
Saktioto Saktioto
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Negative Refractive Index ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Strip Line ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Resonant Frequency Shift

Piranti-piranti elektronik maupun optoelektronik yang efisien dan responsif saat ini tengah masif dikembangkan dalam beragam bentuk dan jenis. Meta-material merupakan rancangan optoelektronik yang unik dengan sifat elektromagnetik yang tidak ditemukan secara alami, salah satunya adalah peristiwa indeks bias negatif. Eksplorasi terhadap banyak ragam struktur metamaterial sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik tiap struktur. Salah satu struktur metamaterial yang menarik dikaji adalah bentuk heksagonal. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi karakteristik frekuensi resonan dan distribusi medan elektromagnetik metamaterial split ring resonator heksagonal (SRR-H) yang dikombinasikan dengan stripe line (SL) berupa logam tembaga. Lebih lanjut, jumlah SL divariasikan dari 0 - 5 unit dan disimulasikan dalam medium udara dalam rentang frekuensi 1 – 7,5 GHz. Hasil simulasi menunjukan adanya pergeseran frekuensi resonan untuk tiap penambahan SL dalam rentang frekuensi 4,31 – 5,82 GHz. Sebaran medan listrik cenderung terpusat pada cincin resonator sedangkan medan magnet cenderung terdistribusi pada SL. Desain metamaterial SRR-H dengan 3 SL memberikan respon disipasi energi yang terkecil dengan medan E maksimum 2,59 kV×m-1 dan medan H maksimum 8,69 A×m-1. Desain SRR-H ini cukup potensial untuk diaplikasikan sebagai antena gelombang elektomagnetik yang efisien dan juga sebagai biosensor. Efficient and responsive electronic and optoelectronic devices are currently being massively developed in various forms and types. Metamaterial is a unique optoelectronic design with electromagnetic properties that are not found naturally, one of its properties is a negative refractive index. Exploration of different types of metamaterial structures is very important to identify the characteristics of each structure. One of the interesting metamaterial structures is a hexagonal shape. This research investigates the resonant frequency characteristics and electromagnetic field distribution of split-ring resonator (SRR-H) hexagonal-shaped metamaterial which is combined with the copper stripe line (SL). Furthermore, the number of SL is varied from 0 to 5 units and simulated in the air medium in frequency range of 1 - 7.5 GHz. The simulation results show a resonant frequency shift occurred for each SL combination in the 4.31 - 5.82 GHz frequency range. The distribution of the electric field tends to be concentrated on the resonator while the magnetic field tends to be distributed on the SL. The SRR-H metamaterial with 3 SL provides the smallest energy dissipation response with a maximum E field of 2.59 kV×m-1 and a maximum H field of 8.69 A×m-1. The SRR-H design is potential enough to be applied as an efficient electromagnetic wave antenna and also as a biosensor.Keywords: Metamaterials, SRR-H, strip line, resonant frequency, electromagnetic field

Frequency-domain Green’s functions for radar waves in heterogeneous 2.5D media

Geophysics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. J13-J22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Ellefsen ◽  
Delphine Croizé ◽  
Aldo T. Mazzella ◽  
Jason R. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Homogeneous Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Perfectly Matched Layers ◽  
Phase Errors

Green’s functions for radar waves propagating in heterogeneous 2.5D media might be calculated in the frequency domain using a hybrid method. The model is defined in the Cartesian coordinate system, and its electromagnetic properties might vary in the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-directions, but not in the [Formula: see text]-direction. Wave propagation in the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-directions is simulated with the finite-difference method, and wave propagation in the [Formula: see text]-direction is simulated with an analytic function. The absorbing boundaries on the finite-difference grid are perfectly matched layers that have been modified to make them compatible with the hybrid method. The accuracy of these numerical Green’s functions is assessed by comparing them with independently calculated Green’s functions. For a homogeneous model, the magnitude errors range from [Formula: see text] through 0.44%, and the phase errors range from [Formula: see text] through 4.86%. For a layered model, the magnitude errors range from [Formula: see text] through 2.06%, and the phase errors range from [Formula: see text] through 2.73%. These numerical Green’s functions might be used for forward modeling and full waveform inversion.

scholarly journals Analysis of Omni-directivity Error of Electromagnetic Field Probe using Isotropic Antenna

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Rene Hartansky
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Systematic Error ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Directional Characteristic ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Directional Characteristics ◽  
Different Types

Abstract This manuscript analyzes the omni-directivity error of an electromagnetic field (EM) probe and its dependence on frequency. The global directional characteristic of a whole EM probe consists of three independent directional characteristics of EM sensors - one for each coordinate. The shape of particular directional characteristics is frequency dependent and so is the shape of the whole EM probe’s global directional characteristic. This results in systematic error induced in the measurement of EM fields. This manuscript also contains quantitative formulation of such errors caused by the shape change of directional characteristics for different types of sensors depending on frequency and their mutual arrangement.

scholarly journals COMPOSED TECHNIQUES FOR OBTAINING OF THE 3D HYBRID COMPOSITES FOR ATTENUATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Raluca Maria AILENI ◽  
Laura CHIRIAC
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Plan Selection ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Window Blinds ◽  
The Military

In the paper are presented several aspects concerning the composed methods for obtaining the materials capable of reducing the electromagnetic field by reflection/absorption. This study offers a structured presentation about advanced materials with electromagnetic properties that can be used to develop screens for electromagnetic attenuation. Besides is presented a factorial plan, selection of the eigenvectors, and analysis based on principal component. The ACP (principal component analysis) could solve the problems in selecting the optimal parameters used in experiments by reducing the complexity of the data and analyzing the variance of the variables from influencing factors. The investigation of the methods for electromagnetic radiation screens development is attractive due to the area of application, such as protection of the electronic designed for hospitals and special applications in the military area and in the field of transport, but also for the protection of the houses required due to the use of electronic devices (phones, PC, TV) involving mobile or Wifi/WLAN networks. In general, for the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in the home can use paints, curtains, window blinds or carpets made of fabric, knitted or non-woven materials, with conductive yarns, fibers or polymeric film with adequate electroconductive or electromagnetic properties.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic field in biological tissue objects

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Iliana Marinova ◽  
Valentin Mateev
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Field Distribution ◽  
Solution Accuracy ◽  
Bioimpedance Measurement

In this paper a method for automatic 3D model building is presented. These models are suitable for investigations of electromagnetic field distribution with Finite Element Method (FEM). Models are made by meshed structures and specific electromagnetic material properties for each tissue type. Mesh is built according to specific FEM criteria for achieving good solution accuracy. Bioimpedance measurement system is developed and electromagnetic properties, acquired by the system, are used in 3D FEM model. Achieved models are applied for electromagnetic field distribution investigation. .

Abstract 516: Electromagnetic Properties of Blood-flow for Screening of Peripheral Artery Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerad Rogers ◽  
Balakumar Jayakumar ◽  
Jeremy Patterson ◽  
Kim Cluff
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Skin Patch ◽  
Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a slowly progressive vascular disease characterized by abnormal narrowing of peripheral arteries through atherosclerosis. PAD often goes unnoticed and is heavily under diagnosed due to its initially asymptomatic features and if not detected early enough can lead to critical limb ischemia or limb amputation. Current PAD screening options are limited to the clinical setting and require specialized equipment, specialized training in operation, specialized training for interpretation of the results, and lack the ability to screen for PAD in a simple, cost effective point-of-care manner. In this study, our objective was to create a novel, non-invasive, point-of-care screening patch for the early detection of PAD. To attain our objective, we tested our hypothesis that electromagnetic changes in the permittivity and permeability of blood can be used to detect blood-flow abnormalities of PAD with a simple wireless biosensor - applied like a small adhesive bandage. When activated by an external RF wave, the skin patch developed an electromagnetic field that penetrates into its surroundings. Using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), we were able to quantify the skin patch’s electromagnetic field interactions with its surroundings. Using a human arm phantom with vascular network, synthetic blood, and heart pump the skin patch was able to measure pulsatile blood flow as shifts in the sensor’s resonant frequency. The results were validated using an ultrasound pulse wave Doppler which detected 50 bpm on the arm phantom. The smart skin patch was able to detect pulsatile flow with 100% accuracy when compared to ultrasound. These results strongly suggest that the patch may be capable of measuring pulsating blood-flow in a point-of-care fashion which does not require specialized training or expensive equipment. What’s more, is that this biosensor does not have batteries, no electrical components, and has wireless communication.

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