scholarly journals LEGAL UNDERSTANDING OF TRANSACTION COSTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-672
Author(s):  
Raviya F. Stepanenko ◽  
Murat R. Kamarov
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Main Task ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Legal Understanding

Purposes: This paper is devoted to the legal understanding of transaction costs both as a concept and a method developed within the framework of the institutional economics discipline for analyzing the consequences of various kinds arising from the exchange of goods. This work is relevant due to the need to apply new interdisciplinary methodological approaches to solving the problems that classical jurisprudence faces. The authors gave legalized concepts of transaction and transaction costs. Methods: As the main task within the framework of this paper, the authors proposed a classification of transaction costs, with the help of which it is possible to analyze legal activity in various fields. The study was based on the works of foreign and Russian scientists, economists and lawyers. Results: In the paper, the authors found that the classification of transaction costs used in economics was created only for analyzing relationships within substantive law and using them to analyze other legal relationships seems to be quite problematic. As a result of the study, the authors developed a new classification of transaction costs, which can be used both for the analysis of substantive and procedural law. Also, they focus on certain aspects of various transaction costs. Implications/Applications: In this regard, a problem arises in creating a classification that would take into account the advantages of all these approaches, and would also be suitable for describing both substantive and procedural legal relations. Novelty/Originality: The development of domestic and foreign legal science is impossible without the use of interdisciplinary approaches, including not only the interaction of intersectoral relations, and this article has studied this issue.

NEW CLASSIFICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тимур Султанович Габазов ◽  
Амир Ахметович Мужахаев ◽  
Аминат Аслановна Солтамурадова
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

В представленной статье кратко раскрывается смысл понятия такого явления, как принцип гражданского процессуального права, а также дана классификация принципов, уже существующих и утвердившихся в теории гражданского процесса. Авторы работы предприняли попытку разработать новую классификацию принципов гражданского судопроизводства, отличную от общепринятой, в которой ключевым фактором выступает субъект, которому эти принципы адресованы по своему содержанию. По результатам проведенного исследования выделены субъекты, которым адресованы действия этих принципов: адресованные только суду; адресованные только лицам, участвующим в деле; - адресованные всем субъектам гражданского судопроизводства в целом (общие). Можно вполне обосновано сказать, что новая классификация принципов гражданского процесса, в зависимости от субъекта имеет право на существование. The presented article briefly reveals the meaning of the concept of such a phenomenon as the principle of civil procedural law, and also gives a classification of the principles that already exist and are established in the theory of civil procedure. The authors of the work attempted to develop a new classification of the principles of civil proceedings, different from the generally accepted one, in which the key factor is the subject to whom these principles are addressed in their content. According to the results of the study, the subjects to whom the actions of these principles are addressed: addressed only to the court; addressed only to persons participating in the case; - addressed to all subjects of civil proceedings in general (general). It can be reasonably said that the new classification of the principles of civil procedure, depending on the subject, has the right to exist.

scholarly journals CURRENT ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING TRANSACTION COSTS AND LOSSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Storozhuk ◽  
Anastasia Bestiuk
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Business Entities

The article considers the interpretation of the essence of transaction costs and losses by both domestic and foreign scientists and highlights the main methodological approaches to determining transaction costs. The classification of transaction costs and losses according to various criteria and characteristics is studied and the system of classification of transaction costs for the purposes of building management information models is formed, which takes into account the needs of accounting and organization of further control. Based on the results of the analysis, the significance of transaction costs for business entities is established and the main reasons for this situation in modern business conditions are identified. Approaches to the separation of transaction costs and losses in accordance with national legislation and international accounting standards are considered. Actual problems of the organization of the account of transaction expenses and losses are established and documentary registration of transaction expenses is defined. To structure and account for transaction costs, separate, sequential stages of transactions that are accompanied by certain costs are outlined. It is proposed to group transaction costs on the basis of compliance with a certain stage of the transaction to ensure the ability to manage the processes of their implementation.It is proved that on the basis of transaction costs, negotiation processes are entrusted for concluding agreements, which consist of costs for obtaining information and conducting negotiations. Possible options for the organization of accounting for transaction costs and losses are described: by creating a new account, opening a separate sub-account to existing accounts; reflection of transaction costs on off-balance sheet accounts and allocation in the accounting and reporting of enterprises of a separate element (article) of costs "Transaction costs". The expediency of choosing the option of reflecting transaction costs and losses in accounting depending on the volume and significance of its own accounting policy based on the results of the analysis and in accordance with the needs of management in such information.

scholarly journals Judicial Protection of a Human Dignity Right

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Valeriy Mamnitskyi ◽  
Iryna Cherevatenko ◽  
Natalia Horban
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Judicial Protection ◽  
Procedural Rights ◽  
Common Understanding

Human dignity has become a central legal concept throughout the world and is increasingly used in judicial decisions in many countries that do not include it in their national legislation. However, due to the acknowledged vagueness of the concept, academics and judges have identified many difficulties in its implementation and the specific challenges it poses to the rule of law. Consequently, from a documentary methodology this article tries to develop and propose, from the analysis of different philosophical approaches to the definition of human dignity, a series of principles that can be applied in judicial decisions to achieve a deep common understanding of the usefulness of human dignity and, at the same time, tries to solve problems that are now widely recognized, both by supporters and critics of the judicial use of this concept. It is concluded that the concept of human dignity must have a decisive influence on the formation, not only of substantive law but also of procedural law. It must become a criterion for the need for measures to prevent the abuse of procedural rights, the distortion of justice and the deliberate evasion of its main task.

New Classification of Gemstone Colours

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
K. F. Chudoba
Keyword(s):  
New Classification

USING A CONTEXTUAL-COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN PREPARING FUTURE MANAGERS FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Kuteneva
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Contextual Learning ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
And Task ◽  
Professional Context

The article gives definitions of concepts: context, professional context, contextual learning, communicative approach, manager, management and intercultural communication. The classification of contexts is given. Types of professional context are indicated. The idea and principles of contextual learning are described. The basic unit of the content of education and the basic unit of student activity in contextual learning are considered. The implementation order and the idea of contextual learning are indicated. Learning models are listed. The requirements of contextual learning are described. The purpose of the communicative approach is indicated. A brief historiography of the communicative approach is considered. The main task, principles and advantage of the communicative approach are described. The points of genuine communicativeness in language teaching and the principles of a communicative approach are considered. The functions and roles of the manager in the organization are described, the qualities of the manager are listed. The object and task of management are indicated.

THE ISSUE OF CONTEXT AND SOCIOLOGICAL POETICS OF THE "BAKHTIN'S CIRCLE"

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Grigorii I. Nesmeyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
A Current

The article formulates main questions related to the concept of context. The issue of context is considered as a current-day interdisciplinary field of research. There are many definitions of context in dictionaries and in various humanities (including scientific disciplines). In connection with that issue various methodological approaches arise in the humanities, which can be designated by the umbrella term “contextual”. By the example of one of such approaches to the sociological poetics of the “Bakhtin’s circle”, the author substantiates the possibility of creating an interdisciplinary classification of contextual approaches. That classification may include scientific developments of different years and research fields, including: philosophical hermeneutics, a number of approaches to the Russian and foreign literary theory (M.M. Bakhtin, Yu.M. Lotman, B.M. Eichenbaum, F. Moretti, A. Compagnon, etc.), intellectual history, discourse analysis, etc.

Reductionism and holism in the philosophy of medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
E. Zakablukovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
New Classification

The article highlights certain aspects of the discussion on the topic of reductionism vs. holism in the philosophy of medicine. Classic radical reductionism is defeated by the concept of emergence. The s.c. bio-medical point of view on a malady, despite its relevance and clear benefit, is not recognized as universal as its adherents may claim, and it yields to an integral psycho-bio-social model. The author introduces a new classification of holism (vitalistic, social and individualistic) and makes appropriate recommendations to clinicians. It is social holism at the macro level that has proven effective in combating the spread of COVID-19.

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