Deficiencies of effectiveness of intervention studies in veterinary medicine: a cross-sectional survey of ten leading veterinary and medical journals

Abstract Background Access to, and awareness of, appropriate authorship criteria is an important right for patient partners. Our objective was to measure medical journal Editors-in-Chief’ perceptions of including patients as (co-)authors on research publications and to measure their views on the application of the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journals Editors) authorship criteria to patient partners. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey co-developed with a patient partner. Editors-in-Chief of English-language medical journals were identified via a random sample of journals obtained from the Scopus source list. The key outcome measures were whether Editors-in-Chief believed: 1) patient partners should be (co-)authors and; 2) whether they felt the ICMJE criteria for authorship required modification for use with patient partners. We also measured Editors-in-Chief description of how their journal’s operations incorporate patient partner perspectives. Results One hundred twelve Editors-in-Chief responded to our survey (18.7% response rate; 66.69% male). Participants were able to skip any questions they did not want to answer, so there is missing data for some items. 69.2% (N = 74) of Editors-in-Chief indicated it was acceptable for patient partners to be authors or co-authors on published biomedical research articles, with the remaining 30.8% (N = 33) indicating this would not be appropriate. When asked specifically about the ICMJE authorship criteria, and whether this should be revised to be more inclusive of patient partners, 35.8% (N = 39) indicated it should be revised, 35.8% (N = 39) indicated it should not be revised, and 28.4% (N = 31) were unsure about a revision. 74.1% (N = 80) of Editors-in-Chief did not think patients should be required to have an academic affiliation to published while 16.7% (N = 18) and 9.3% (N = 10) indicated they should or were unsure. 3.6% (N = 4) of Editors-in-Chief indicated their journal had a policy that specifies how patients or patient partners should be considered as authors. Conclusions Our findings highlight gaps that may act as barriers to patient partner participation in research. A key implication is the need for education and for consensus building within the biomedical community to establish processes that will facilitate equitable patient partners inclusion.

Download Full-text

Will sexual risk behaviour increase after being vaccinated for AIDS?

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/095646206775809204 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 180-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Richard A Crosby ◽

David R Holtgrave

Keyword(s):

African American Women ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Aids Vaccine

The question of whether people will engage in greater levels of HIV-associated risk behaviour after receiving an AIDS vaccine has not been sufficiently investigated. Three objectives were: (1) assess the likelihood that people will engage in greater levels of HIV-risk behaviour after receiving an AIDS vaccine; (2) determine the association of increases with vaccination intent; and (3) identify differences between people who would and would not increase their HIV-risk behaviour after vaccination. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 278 adults from three populations: gay men, African-American women, and persons who used illicit drugs. Nearly one-quarter of the sample indicated a likelihood that their HIV-risk behaviour would increase after vaccination. This increase was positively associated ( r = 0.24) with increased intent to be vaccinated. Previous worry about having HIV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.4, P = 0.004), being 32 years of age or older (AOR = 2.9, P = 0.0007), and having less than a high school education (AOR = 2.3, P = 0.027) were each associated with a post-vaccination increase in HIV risk. With the seemingly real potential for increased HIV-risk behaviours after being vaccinated against AIDS, intervention studies are warranted to identify strategies with potential to minimize this phenomenon.

Download Full-text

Deficiencies of effectiveness of intervention studies in veterinary medicine: a cross-sectional survey of ten leading veterinary and medical journals

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1649 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e1649 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nicola Di Girolamo ◽

Reint Meursinge Reynders

Keyword(s):

Random Sequence ◽

Allocation Concealment ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Random Allocation ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Journals ◽

Sequence Generation ◽

Random Sequence Generation

The validity of studies that assess the effectiveness of an intervention (EoI) depends on variables such as the type of study design, the quality of their methodology, and the participants enrolled. Five leading veterinary journals and 5 leading human medical journals were hand-searched for EoI studies for the year 2013. We assessed (1) the prevalence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among EoI studies, (2) the type of participants enrolled, and (3) the methodological quality of the selected studies. Of 1707 eligible articles, 590 were EoI articles and 435 RCTs. Random allocation to the intervention was performed in 52% (114/219; 95%CI:45.2–58.8%) of veterinary EoI articles, against 87% (321/371; 82.5–89.7%) of human EoI articles (adjusted OR:9.2; 3.4–24.8). Veterinary RCTs were smaller (median: 26 animals versus 465 humans) and less likely to enroll real patients, compared with human RCTs (OR:331; 45–2441). Only 2% of the veterinary RCTs, versus 77% of the human RCTs, reported power calculations, primary outcomes, random sequence generation, allocation concealment and estimation methods. Currently, internal and external validity of veterinary EoI studies is limited compared to human medical ones. To address these issues, veterinary interventional research needs to improve its methodology, increase the number of published RCTs and enroll real clinical patients.

Download Full-text

Prosociality and Social Responsibility Were Associated With Intention of COVID-19 Vaccination Among University Students in China

International Journal of Health Policy and Management ◽

10.34172/ijhpm.2021.64 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanqiu Yu ◽

Sitong Luo ◽

Phoenix Kit-han Mo ◽

Suhua Wang ◽

Junfeng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

University Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Study Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

High Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects ◽

High Coverage Rate

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is expected to end the pandemic; a high coverage rate is required to meet this end. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of behavioral intention of free/self-paid COVID-19 vaccination and its associations with prosociality and social responsibility among university students in China. Methods: An anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 6922 university students in five provinces in China during November 1-28, 2020. With informed consent, participants filled out an online survey link distributed to them via WeChat study groups. The response rate was 72.3%. Results: The prevalence of behavioral intentions of free COVID-19 vaccination was 78.1%, but it dropped to 57.7% if the COVID-19 vaccination involved self-payment (400 RMB; around 42 USD). After adjusting for background factors, prosociality (free vaccination: adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.09-1.12; self-paid vaccination: ORa = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07-1.09) and social responsibility (free vaccination: ORa = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14-1.19; self-paid vaccination: ORa = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11-1.14) were positively associated with the two variables of COVID-19 vaccination intention. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the positive effects of prosociality and social responsibility on the intention of COVID-19 vaccination. Accordingly, modification of prosociality and social responsibility can potentially improve COVID-19 vaccination. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to confirm such associations across populations and countries.

Download Full-text

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 82-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bob Lew ◽

Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽

Yanzheng Liu ◽

Mansor Abu Talib ◽

Olga Mitina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Online Survey ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Strain Theory ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Strains ◽

Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conﬂicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

Download Full-text

Fit and Congruency

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 148-156

Author(s):

Mary Hogue ◽

Lee Fox-Cardamone ◽

Deborah Erdos Knapp

Keyword(s):

Role Theory ◽

Social Role ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Job Fit ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Working Adults ◽

Role Congruity ◽

Self Selection ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. Applicant job pursuit intentions impact the composition of an organization’s applicant pool, thereby influencing selection outcomes. An example is the self-selection of women and men into gender-congruent jobs. Such self-selection contributes to a lack of gender diversity across a variety of occupations. We use person-job fit and the role congruity perspective of social role theory to explore job pursuit intentions. We present research from two cross-sectional survey studies (520 students, 174 working adults) indicating that at different points in their careers women and men choose to pursue gender-congruent jobs. For students, the choice was mediated by value placed on the job’s associated gender-congruent outcomes, but for working adults it was not. We offer suggestions for practitioners and researchers.

Download Full-text