scholarly journals THE COMPOSITION OF CELLULAR FATTY ACIDS OF ACTINOBACTERIA FROM THE SURFACES OF BIOLOGICAL GROWTH OF THE ODESA GULF OF THE BLACK SEA

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
N. V. Korotaeva ◽  
K. S. Potapenko ◽  
I. V. Strashnova ◽  
I.P. Metelitsyna ◽  
V. O. Ivanytsia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Biological Growth

Aim. Determination of fatty acid composition of actinobacteria isolated from the surfaces of biological growth of the Odesa gulf of the Black Sea, and their identification. Methods. The 31 isolated strains of actinobacteria were grown in TSB at 28 ° C and 150 rpm for 72 hours. Fatty acid methyl esters of the studied strains were determined according to the MIS Operating Manual on a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890, identification was performed using the identification system of microorganisms MIDI Sherlock. Results. Using chromatographic analysis of fatty acids, it was found that of the 27 studied strains of actinobacteria were identified to the genus Streptomyces, and the 4 strains - to the genus Nocardiopsis. It was found that the fatty acid profiles of the studied actinobacteria of the genus Nocardiopsis were dominated by fatty acids: 15:0 ANTEISO, 16:0 ISO, 17:0 ANTEISO, 18:1 CIS 9, and the fatty acid profiles of bacteria of the genus Streptomyces - 14:0 ISO, 15:0 ANTEISO, 16:0 ISO, 17:0 ANTEISO. Conclusions. Actinobacteria the surfaces of biological growth of the Odesa gulf of the Black Sea belong to the genera Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis, and their fatty acid profiles are characterized by the dominance of isomers of branched saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Use of Fatty Acid Profiles to Identify Francisella tularensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Whittaker ◽  
James B Day ◽  
Sherill K Curtis ◽  
Frederick S Fry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mueller Hinton

Abstract Rapid capillary gas chromatography (GC) with flame-ionization detection was used to determine the cellular fatty acid profiles of Francisella tularensis. Two subspecies of F. tularensis, the live vaccine strain (LVS) derived from holarctica and a novicida strain Utah 112 (U112), were used to compare the extracted fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). A data set for the 2 subspecies was prepared using fatty acid profiles of bacteria grown on 2 types of media, Mueller-Hinton and cysteine heart agar supplemented with 5% rabbit blood (CHAB), and harvested at various time intervals (Day 1 through Day 4) with replicates prepared on different days. A total of 204 samples were analyzed. The results showed that these fatty acid quantitative profiles were unique for each of the subspecies and could be used as a fingerprint for the organism. It was determined by this rapid method that approximately 88% of the fatty acids in both the LVS and U112 strains included 6 saturated fatty acids: 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, and 20:0; and 4 hydroxy fatty acids 10:0 2OH, 16:0 3OH, 17:0 3OH, and 18:0 3OH. Data analysis and determination of clustering were performed by principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). Both PCA and SIMCA showed clear separation of the LVS and U112 strain and would be useful for prediction of unknowns. It was determined that the incubation time can be reduced from 48 to 24 h, and results are highly predictive for the identification of F. tularensis. In summary, analysis of FAMEs from F. tularensis subspecies LVS and U112 grown on CHAB or Mueller-Hinton media, and using a rapid GC method can provide a sensitive procedure for identification of these organisms.

scholarly journals Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
I De Gasperín ◽  
J.G. Vicente ◽  
J.M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
F Montiel ◽  
R Loeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles in piglet brain, skin, and muscle, and in the milk of sows fed fat with different saturation grades during gestation and lactation. At 42 days of gestation, 50 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, namely a diet containing pork lard (n = 25) and a diet containing soybean oil (n = 25). The fats were provided at 3.6% during gestation and at 4% during lactation. The experimental diets were offered through the weaning of the piglets. The fatty acid profile of the milk was determined fourteen days after parturition. At weaning (21 days postpartum) and seven days later, one of the piglets (n = 64) from 16 sows allocated to each treatment was selected at random to determine fatty acid profiles in brain, skin and muscle. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in the diet with pork lard than in that with soybean oil, in which the polyunsaturated fat content was higher. A higher saturation of fatty acids was found in milk from the sows that consumed pork lard, which contained more saturated fatty acids than the milk from sows that consumed soybean oil. The fatty acid profiles in muscle and skin of the piglets were affected by the diet of the sows. However, the fatty acid profile of the piglets’ brains was not affected by the diet of their mothers. Keywords: fat saturation, lard, piglet survival, sow feeding, soybean oil

scholarly journals Characterization of planktonic and biofilm fatty acid profiles and evaluation of their trophic transfer potential to Hyalella Azteca

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Chien-Yao Chao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Transfer Potential

Fatty acid (FA) composition between biofilms and batch planktonic cultures were compared for two bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureaus. Biofilm cultures exhibited decrease in saturated fatty acids (SAFA) that potentially conform to a more fluidic biophysical membrane property. The amount of FA in the biofilms' extracellular polymeric substance was not sufficient to consider it having a major contribution to the observed differences between biofilms and batch planktonic cultures. While biofilm grazing by the amphipod Hyalella azteca was evident, only certain bacteria-specific FA appeared to have the potential to be retained (odd-number SAFA and branched-chain FA). H. azteca with diet strictly consisted of bacteria biofilms did not demonstrate significant changes in their nutritional condition in terms of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): combined with the results from fasting trials, H. azteca appears to have the capacity to retain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs up to 10 days.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF FAT FROM THE LIVER OF THE BLACK SEA SHARK-KATRAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. ИВАНОВА ◽  
Е.А. ДУБИНЕЦ ◽  
А.Л. БОЧАРОВА-ЛЕСКИНА
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

Для стабилизации показателя биологической эффективности исследована возможность повышения количества полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) за счет снижения количества насыщенных жирных кислот (НЖК) в жирнокислотном составе жира из печени черноморской акулы-катрана в летний период вылова (с мая по октябрь). С целью повышения содержания омега-3 ПНЖК в продукте применен способ винтеризации. Кристаллизацию жира из печени акулы-катрана проводили в специальном охладителе при температуре от 0 до –5°С. Во время охлаждения жир медленно перемешивали (скорость вращения мешалки 20–25 об/мин) для равномерного охлаждения по всему объему. Полная кристаллизация НЖК при этих условиях проходила за 5–6 ч. Охлажденный жир немедленно направляли на осадительную центрифугу. В качестве параметров оптимизации процесса были выбраны: качество жира – прозрачность при температуре 15°С и степень ненасыщенности – йодное число жира. Установлено, что факторами, существенно влияющими на йодное число и органолептические показатели жира, являются: температура охлажденного жира, продолжительность центрифугирования, число оборотов барабана центрифуги. Для моделирования значений йодного числа и органолептического показателя в области изменения указанных факторов применена схема полного факторного двухуровневого эксперимента, в результате которого определены натуральные значения факторов, отвечающие наилучшему значению показателя качества жира: температура охлаждения жира –4°С, продолжительность центрифугирования 30 мин, частота вращения барабана центрифуги 6000 об/мин. Общая ненасыщенность жидкой фракции возросла с 122,2–138,0 до 131,0–145,0% йодного числа жира. Полученный очищенный жир был прозрачен, имел светло-желтый цвет, низкие значения кислотного и перекисного чисел. Содержание ПНЖК в полученном продукте увеличилось на 10–30%. Содержание неомыляемых веществ в нем, в том числе биологически активных веществ алкилглицеролов, при этом не снизилось. Биологическая эффективность жира увеличилась с 0,6 до 0,9. To stabilize the increased biological effectiveness the possibility of increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by reducing the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the fatty acid composition of fat from the liver of the black sea shark-katran in the summer fishing period (May – October) is investigated. With the aim of increasing the content of omega-3 PUFA in the product method of winterization was applied. Crystallization of fat from the liver of sharks-katran dogfish was conducted in a special chiller with temperature from 0 to –5°C. During cooling, the fat is slowly stirred (speed of rotation of the mixer 20–25 rpm) for uniform cooling throughout. Full crystallization of SFA under these conditions was held for 5–6 h. The cooled fat was immediately sent to precipitating in the centrifuge. Quality of fat – transparency at a temperature of 15°C and unsaturation – iodine number of fat was selected as the optimization parameters of the process. It is established that: the temperature of the refrigerated fat, the duration of centrifugation, the number of drum rotations of the centrifuge are factors that significantly affect the iodine number and the organoleptic indicators of fat. Scheme two-level full factorial experiment was applied for modeling the values of iodine number and organoleptic indicator in changing these factors. Natural values of factors corresponding to the best value of indicator of the quality of the fat: temperature of cooling fat –4°C, duration of centrifugation 30 min, and the speed of rotation of the drum centrifuge 6000 rpm were determined in the experiment. The result of this treatment, the total unsaturation of the liquid fraction increased from 122,2–138,0 up to 131,0–145,0% of iodine number. The purified obtained fat was transparent, had a light yellow color, low acid value and peroxide values. In the obtained product the content of PUFA increased by 10–30%. The content of unsaponifiables in it, including biologically active substances alkylglycerols, was not decreased. The biological effectiveness of fat increased from 0,6 to 0,9.

scholarly journals Identification of Elongase Genes Mediating Branched Chain Fatty Acid Elongation (P08-108-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sesha Durga Kumar Kothapalli ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Dong Hao Wang ◽  
Hui Gyu Park ◽  
Yuanyuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) terminating with either an isopropyl or sec-butyl group, are common bioactive food components consumed from beef, fish, and dairy products. Little is known about their endogenous metabolism and the enzymes mediating their interconversion. Our main objective was to test the substrate specificity of the fatty acid elongases (ELOVL1–7) towards elongation of representative BCFA, anteiso-15:0 and iso-18:0. We also assessed competition between BCFA and normal saturated fatty acid (n-SFA). Methods MCF7 human breast cancer cells are used for functional studies. PcDNA3.1 expression vector was used to clone seven open reading frames of ELOVL transcripts (ELOVL1–7). MCF7 cells were transiently transfected with specific ELOVL1–7 transgene vector or empty vector (control). After 24 h incubation, the transfected MCF7 cells were treated with BSA-bound substrates. After additional 24 h incubation, cells were harvested by trypsinization, fatty acid methyl esters prepared and analyzed quantitatively by GC-FID. Fatty acid composition was characterized by gas chromatography (GC) –electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) and EIMS/MS for branched carbon chain. Results Transient transfection of ELOVL1–7 into MCF7 cells show that ELOVL6 had highest activity towards elongation of anteiso-15:0→anteiso-17:0, followed by ELOVL5 which showed moderate activity. ELOVL3 was found to be most active ELOVL mediating elongation of iso-18:0→iso-20:0. Our competition results show in ELOVL6 cells anteiso-15:0 competes with n-SFA n-16:0, whereas, in ELOVL3 cells iso-18:0 competes with n-18:0. Conclusions The elongation of anteiso-15:0 and iso-18:0 BCFA is predominantly operated by the ELOVL6 and ELOVL3, respectively that are well known to operate on normal saturated fatty acids, rather than the ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 which operate on lower-melting polyunsaturated fatty acids. The competition between BCFA and n-SFA for ELOVL1–7 mediated elongation may have implications in the skin, sebaceous, and meibomian glands where both normal and BCFA are present at comparable levels. Funding Sources NIH grant R01 AT007003.

scholarly journals Determination of Whole-Cell Fatty Acid Profiles for the Characterization and Differentiation of Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 And AG-7

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
R. D. Gitaitis ◽  
D. E. Carling ◽  
S. M. Baird ◽  
P. J. Alt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Euclidean Distances

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 and AG-7 were characterized by gas chromatography and analyzed with Microbial Identification System software. Palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids were common in all isolates from both anastomosis groups (AGs) and accounted for 95% of the C14 to C18 fatty acids present. Oleic acid, most common in both R. solani AG-4 and AG-7 isolates, accounted for the greatest percentages of total FAMEs. The presence, quantities, or absence of individual fatty acids could not be used for distinguishing AG-4 and AG-7 isolates. Anteisopentadecanoic and 9-heptadecanoic acids, however, were specific to all three AG-7 isolates from Japan but absent in other AG-7 isolates and all AG-4 isolates. Pentadecanoic acid occurred in only two of the R. solani AG-4 isolates, but was not found in any of the AG-7 isolates. The AG-4 isolates could be distinguished from AG-7 isolates when quantities of FAMEs and key FAME ratios were analyzed with cluster analysis and principle components were plotted. Isolates of AG-7 from Arkansas, Indiana, and Georgia appeared to be more closely related to each other than to AG-7 isolates from Japan and Mexico. These differences in FAMEs were sufficiently distinct that isolate geographical variability could be determined. A dendrogram analysis cluster constructed from the FAMEs data showed results similar to that of the principal component analysis. Euclidean distances of total AG-4 isolates were distinct from total AG-7 isolates. The Arkansas and Indiana AG-7 isolates had a similar Euclidean distance to each another but the percentages were different for the AG-7 isolates from Japan and Mexico. In conclusion, variability of the FAMEs identified in this study would not be suitable as the main diagnostic tool for distinguishing individual isolates of R. solaniAG-4 from AG-7.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profiles of Butter Samples Collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 10185-10190
Author(s):  
Muhammet Dervisoglu ◽  
Osman Gul ◽  
Dilek Guvenc ◽  
Fehmi Yazici ◽  
Enes Atmaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics

Evaluating the Use of Fatty Acid Profiles to Differentiate Human Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Listeria Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1457-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Methyl Tert Butyl Ether ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Listeria Species

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive human pathogen that is responsible for serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Because of recent epidemics caused by food contaminated with L. monocytogenes, rapid methods for the detection of this pathogen in food are of interest. Capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was used to determine the cellular fatty acid profiles of six species of Listeria. The six different species are L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, and L. grayi. For GC-FID analysis, whole cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from cells cultured on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar at 35 ° C for 24 h were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction into hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether. A preliminary data set for 15 strains of Listeria species was prepared using fatty acid profiles from two or three replicates prepared on different days. Major fatty acids of the Listeria strains evaluated in this study were C15:0 iso, C15:0 ante iso, C16:0 iso, C16:0, C17:0 iso, and C17:0 ante iso. All of the major fatty acids differ significantly among these six species. The two fatty acids C17:0 ante iso and C15:0 ante iso showed the highest percentages, and the ratio of the two clearly showed significant differences between the human pathogen L. monocytogenes and the five nonpathogenic species. Analysis of FAMEs from Listeria strains grown on BHI agar by a GC-FID method is a sensitive procedure for identification of these organisms and differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic species.

Variations in the fatty acid compositions of the liver and gonad tissue of spiny eel (Mastacembelus mastacembelus) from Atatürk Dam Lake

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Kaçar ◽  
Mehmet Başhan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Atatürk Dam Lake ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

AbstractObjective:The aim of the study was to investigate quantitative and qualitative fatty acid profiles of the gonad and liver tissue of femaleMethods:Total lipids were extracted with 5 mL of chloroform-methanol (2:1 v/v). Samples containing gonad and liver lipid were transesterified with acidified methanol. The fatty acid methyl esters were extracted with hexane. Fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography (GC).Results:The major saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) in both gonad and liver tissue. Oleic acid (C18:1 ω-9) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1 ω-7) were the prominent monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). The dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 ω-6), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 ω-6), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 ω-3) and docoesahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3). The ratio of ω-3/ω-6 ranged from 1.55 to 3.44 and 1.18 to 2.71 in the gonad and liver tissue, respectively.Conclusion:The findings of this study will be useful for understanding the seasonal distribution of fatty acid composition in the liver and gonad of spiny eel.

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