scholarly journals Evaluation of Salt-water Intrusion in the Coastal Area of Igbokoda, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talabi A. O ◽  
Ajayi C. A ◽  
Afolagboye L. O ◽  
Oyedele A. A ◽  
Ojo O. F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
The World ◽  
Electrical Sounding

Saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifer has long been recognized as a major threat to groundwater quality around the world. Groundwater evaluation of salt water intrusions in Igbokoda coastal area, southwestern Nigeria was carried out employing combined Horizontal Profiling and Vertical electrical sounding. Two traverses each with two sounding points were occupied. The result from the survey revealed 4 to 5 major layers comprising the unconsolidated silty sand and sandy clay (overburden), clayey zone, consolidated sand zone, partly intruded salt water intruded sandy clay zone and salt water intruded clay zone. The curves were the complex types KQH, KHA, QH and HKH curves. The overburden has resistivity that ranged from 253 to 1316.7Ω-m, thickness that ranged from 0.2 m to 7m. The clayey zone had resistivity of 846.0 Ω-m and thickness of 4m. The consolidated sand zone had resistivity that ranged from 2848.7 to 2865.7Ω-m and thickness that ranged between 4 and 21m. The partly intruded salt water zone is characterized by resistivity that varies between 18.4Ω-m and 93.0Ω-m and thickness of about 7-25m. The salt water intruded zone is characterized by resistivity that ranges between 4.1Ω-m and 9.7Ω-m and thickness of 4-48m. The partly-salt water intruded zones and salt water intruded zone were characterized with low resistivity while the high resistivity zones of consolidated sand layer constitute fresh water bearing zone that could serve as boreholes in the study area.

The BP Oil Spill and the Bounty of Plaquemines Parish

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
randy fertel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Bp Oil Spill ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
The World

The source of 25 to 30 percent of America’s seafood, the Mississippi River Delta’s cornucopian world is now uncertain. And yet, even if shrimp, oysters, and finfish are unaffected by the BP Oil Spill—a big if—one can already reflect on the passing of the culture once built upon gathering them. For almost three centuries, levees made life possible along the riverbanks and in the wetlands beyond. Those same levees also ensured the wetlands would eventually melt away into the Gulf. Cutting off the silt left behind during annual river inundations subjected the fragile land to erosion. Sulfur, natural gas, and oil production companies dug twenty thousand miles of canals to gain more direct routes to their fields and to pump out their mineral wealth. This caused salt-water intrusion that killed off plant life and caused more erosion. The world that sustained my Plaquemines ancestors was less subject to collapse following disasters not only because the ecosystem before the wetlands’ ongoing loss was then more vibrant, complex, and robust; but also because their lives, especially their culinary lives, were more vibrant, complex, and robust. Life was hard, but when it came to putting food on the table, life followed the seasons.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Groundwater Chemistry in the Basement and Sedimentary Rocks of Ibadan and Lagos Areas, Southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Anthony Temidayo Bolarinwa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Circulatory Diseases ◽  
Arkosic Sandstone

Hydrochemical investigation of forty boreholes drilled on the basement and sedimentary rocks in Ibadan and Lagos metropolis southwestern Nigeria respectively were carried out in order to determine the portability of the groundwater in both areas and to highlight differences in their chemical characters and variations with seasons. Data obtained indicated that the groundwater in Ibadan area is mainly the Na + Ca – HCO­­3type, while that of Lagos is Na + Ca – C1 + SO4 type. The groundwater chemistry reflects weathering of sodic plagioclase feldspars in the basement rocks as well as arkosic sandstone in the sedimentary terrain. The higher chloride (ca. 124.2 mg/L) content of the Lagos water is probably due to salt-water intrusion along the coastal area. Elevated Na+ (58.5-1021.2), Fe2+ (0.3-2.8) and Mn2+ (0.04-2.34) mg/L concentrations, particularly during the dry season, adversely affect the portability of the water from both localities. Apart from making the water unsuitable for irrigation, high Na+ content is considered harmful to persons suffering from cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases. The Fe2+and Mn2+ contents could also create staining problem. It is therefore desirable to remove these elements from the borehole water prior to consumption.

Biological Clogging in Tangshan Sand Columns under Salt Water Intrusion by Sporosarcina pasteurii

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2040-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyprien Rusu ◽  
Xiao Hui Cheng ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Sporosarcina Pasteurii ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Clogging

Salt Water intrusion is a recurrent phenomenon over the world. This study has purpose to find a new biological way to solve this problem. Sporosarcina Pasteurii, known for its application in biogrouting solutions, was injected into four experimental columns submitted to salt water injection. The bioremediated carbonation reaction was induced by injection of calcium chloride and urea during a three weeks period and results were observed by a new injection of salt water. The increase of salt concentration in the columns after biological treatment shows a slowing down of salt propagation after treatment.

scholarly journals Application of Electrical Resistivity and Hydrochemistry Methods for Mapping Groundwater Contamination around Okun Ilashe Island Area, Lagos State, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
T. O. Alabi ◽  
S. O. Ilugbo ◽  
O. E. Akinmoye ◽  
M. A. Ibitomi ◽  
I. Aigbedion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Island Area ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Electrical Sounding

An application of Electrical Resistivity and hydrochemistry investigation involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and water quality analysis was conducted around Okun Ilashe Island area of Lagos state, southwestern Nigeria where there have been reported cases of groundwater contamination. The hydrochemical analysis was performed on five water samples in the area; two from boreholes and others from hand dug wells. Present study investigation showed that the groundwater had been contaminated by hydrocarbon arising from pipeline leakages in the studied area. The hydrocarbon contaminated plumes are specially characterized by relatively high resistivity values (> 800 Ω-m) and were delineated to a depth of about 12 m. Hydrochemical results showed that three of the sampled water have higher total dissolved solids (TDS) (>400 ppm) in compared to the remaining water samples. The major ions identified includes Na+, K+, Cl, Mg2+, Ca2+ and NO3-. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) showed values not in agreement with WHO standards values. Ten (10) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) stations were occupied along four traverse lines trending E-W direction. The vertical electrical sounding results indicate maximum of four subsurface layers; Top soil, hydrocarbon contaminated sand, clay/clayey sand and sand/sandy clay. The contaminant plume has migrated to a significant depth of 12 m thus posing an inherent danger to the inhabitant of the area.

Sea water intrusion and salt water intrusion in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 983-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yuqun ◽  
Wu Jichun ◽  
Xie Chunhong ◽  
Zhang Yongxiang
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Laizhou Bay ◽  
Sea Water Intrusion ◽  
Water Intrusion

scholarly journals Informed consent and informed intervention: SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations not just call for disclosure of newly emerging safety data but also for hypothesis generation and testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C. Fischer ◽  
Albrecht G. Schmidt ◽  
Edwin Bölke ◽  
Verena Keitel ◽  
Torsten Feldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Scale

Abstract Background COVID-19 infection is a major threat to patients and health care providers around the world. One solution is the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Methods We performed a comprehensive query of the latest publications on the prevention of viral infections including the recent vaccination program and its side effects. Results The situation is evolving rapidly and there is no reasonable alternative to population-scale vaccination programs as currently enrolled. Conclusion Therefore, regulatory authorities should consider supplementing their conventional mandate of post-approval pharmacovigilance, which is based on the collection, assessment, and regulatory response to emerging safety findings.

Approximation for Salt-Water Intrusion in Unconfined Coastal Aquifer

Ground Water ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Panigrahi ◽  
A. Das Gupta ◽  
A. Arbhabhirama
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Water Intrusion
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