scholarly journals The Difference Of PT, aPTT, Fibrinogen, D-Dimer Activities In HIV Patients With CD4 Count Of 200 uL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hadian ◽  
Ricke Loesnihari ◽  
Tambar Kembaren
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
D Dimer

ABSTRACT Introduction: HIV is a developing disease that has been a global problem. The progress of HIV infection is characterized by decreased CD4 count. Hemostasis disorder is often found in patients with HIV, where the formed virus-antibody complex can activate the coagulation system, beginning from the activation of the Hageman factor (Factor XII) into the active form (Factor XIIa). This factor will activate the fibrinolysis process. Fibrin polymer is broken down into fragments X and Y. Fragment Y is further broken down into Fragment D and E, which is known as D-dimer. Objective: To determine the difference of PT, aPTT, Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer in HIV patients with a CD4 lymphocyte count of < 200/µL and > 200/µL in H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Hypothesis: There is a difference of PT and aPTT activities in HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200 cells/µL and ≥ 200 cells/µL and a difference of D-dimer and fibrinogen levels in HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200/µL and > 200/µL in H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Methods: This study was conducted in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, H. Adam Malik General Hospital. Samples were collected with a consecutive sampling method which included patients diagnosed with HIV in H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from September 2019 to July 2020 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty-eight patients were divided into two groups, i.e., HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200/µL and HIV patients with a CD4 lymphocyte count of > 200/ µL. Results: Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the comparison of PT and aPTT values between HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200 cells/µL and ≥ 200 cells/µL. The result was significant with a p-value = 0.002, which means that there is a significant difference in PT and aPTT values between HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200 cells/µL and ≥ 200 cells/µL. An Independent T-test was used to assess the difference in fibrinogen level between HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200/µL and > 200/µL, which resulted in p-value = 0.032. This means that there is a significant difference in fibrinogen levels between HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200/µL and > 200/µL. Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the comparison in D-dimer level between HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200/µL and > 200/µL, which showed a p-value = 0.002. This indicated a significant difference in D-dimer level between HIV patients with a CD4 count of < 200/µL and > 200/µL. Conclusion: The lower the CD4 lymphocyte count, the higher the activities of PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, and D-dimer in HIV patients.   Keywords: HIV, PT, aPTT, D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, Hemostasis

scholarly journals CD4 LYMPHOCYTE IN HIV / AIDS BEFORE AND AFTER ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Rangsang Bagus Prabowo ◽  
Dewi Indah Noviana Pertiwi ◽  
FX. Hendriyono
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Abstract: Human Immunodefficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that decreases the human immunity system, therefore the infected people become susceptible to any kind of infections. Examination of CD4 lymphocyte count periodically is one of the antiretroviral therapy success indicators. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin on 2013-2015. The method of this research was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. The study population was 55 patients which were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results portrayed an increase of the CD4 lymphocyte count in 51 patients after being given four kinds of antiretroviral for 6 months with the mean increase in CD4 lymphocyte count was 92,72 cell/µL. Data analysis result with Wilcoxon test portrayed a difference of the CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy with p value=0,000. In conclusion, there was a significant difference of the CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy. Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, CD4, lymphocyt, antiretroviral therapy

scholarly journals Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function by Myocardial Deformation Imaging in asymptomatic HIV patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Kunjang Sherpa ◽  
Ram Kishor Sah ◽  
Arun Maskey ◽  
Rabi Malla ◽  
Deewakar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Strain Imaging ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control

Background and Aims: Despite improvements in clinical care, evidence from both industrialized and developing countries indicates that the prevalence of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in individuals with well-controlled HIV infection may approach 50% and represent a newly recognized comorbid condition. The aim of our study was to reveal abnormalities in cardiac function using conventional transthoracic echocardiography and left ventricular strain imaging in HIV infected patients without cardiovascular disease. Methods: This was a hospital based, single center descriptive cross-sectional comparative study conducted in National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital which included HIV patients with baseline examination including a patient medical history, clinical examination, baseline CD4 count, viral load and a standardized transthoracic echocardiography and strain imaging examination and the findings were compared among age and sex frequency matched healthy adult population. Results: Our study enrolled 142 patients out of which 95 HIV positive patients (mean age 36.7±9.2 years with 58% female) and 47 healthy control (mean age 33.7±8 years with 57.4% female). The median duration of HIV diagnosis was 7 years (IQR 2, 10) and median CD4 count was 464 cells/mm3 (IQR 259,750). There was no significant difference in conventional echocardiographic parameters between two groups except for transmitral E velocity that was lower in HIV group (P value of 0.001). The HIV population has lower mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) value of -19.92% ± 2.54 SD compared to the healthy control population with mean of -21.39% ± 1.54 SD(P value of 0.001) and patients with CD4 count less than 300 cell/mm3 had GLS value significantly lower than -18% (P value of 0.05). Conclusion: HIV infected population without established cardiovascular disease have subclinical left ventricular dysfunction revealed by GLS imaging technique.

Decrease in CD4 lymphocyte counts with rest; implications for the monitoring of HIV infection

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Campbell ◽  
S Aurelius ◽  
G Blowes ◽  
D Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Strenuous Physical Activity ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Working Day

Measurement of the CD4 lymphocyte count is widely used as a prognostic marker and guide for the institution of antiretroviral therapy in patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). CD4 counts are known to fluctuate with strenuous physical activity and diurnal variation but there is no information on the effects of rest or normal daily activity. We investigated the effects of rest on the absolute CD4 lymphocyte count in 20 healthy laboratory workers. Blood samples were obtained in 20 subjects upon arrival in the laboratory (CD4 0), following 30 and 60 min rest (CD4 30 and CD4 60 respectively) and 8 h into a normal working day (CD4 8). A significant decrease in the CD4 lymphocyte count was observed following 60 min rest; mean CD4 count at 0 min 1060 106/L, mean CD4 count at 60 min 660 106/L ( P =0.0017). These results demonstrate a significant effect of rest on CD4 lymphocyte counts in healthy volunteers. This biological variation may be important in HIV-infected patients and needs to be addressed by further studies.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT ANTARA METODE MANUAL IMPROVED NEUBAUER DENGAN METODE AUTOMATIC HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Satya Darmayani ◽  
Fonnie E. Hasan ◽  
Devi Ekafitria A
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hematology Analyzer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Calculation ◽  
Normal Leukocyte

Leucocytes are nucleated cells in the blood that can be divided into 5 types. Every cell can be calculated its percentage in the blood by doing types calculation and can be distinguished by the size of the core form, color of granules and cytoplasm inside. This study aimed to determine the results of the difference calculation of leukocytes count examination between Manual Method (Improved Neubauer) and Automatic Hematology Analyzer Method in outpatients at the General Hospital of Kendari. Samples of this study were 30 people taken by accidental sampling. The results of the study with 30 samples using manual method (Improved Neubauer), 25 patients (83.4%) had normal leukocyte and 5 patients (16.6%) had abnormal, and examination using Automatic Hematology Analyzer  Method showed 22 patients (73.4%) had normal leukocyte and 8 patients (26.6%) had abnormal. Based on paired test  of samples obtained p value = 0, 000, so it can be concluded that there is significant difference between count examination of leukocytes using Manual Method with Improved Neubauer and Automatic Hematology Analyzer Method.

scholarly journals The relationship between beta-2-microglobulin, CD4 lymphocyte count, AIDS and death in HIV-positive individuals

1997 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MOCROFT ◽  
M. A. JOHNSON ◽  
C. A. SABIN ◽  
M. BOFILL ◽  
G. JANOSSY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship, in 539 individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), between two prognostic markers, the CD4 count and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death was investigated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risk of AIDS or death. In a multivariate model which adjusted for demographic factors and treatment, the most recent measurements of B2M (relative hazard (RH) 1·37 per g/l higher) and CD4 count (RH 2·17 per log-unit lower) were both significantly associated with the development of AIDS. Similarly, in a multivariate model which additionally adjusted for the development of AIDS as a time dependant covariate, there was a strong relationship with risk of death for the most recent measurements of B2M (RH 1·34 per g/l higher), and CD4 lymphocyte count (RH 1·91 per log-unit lower). A difference in the level of B2M could be used among patients with similar CD4 counts as an indicator of increased risk of progression to AIDS or death. Using the most recent values of these markers provides a better estimate of the risk of AIDS or death, compared to the more common method of analysis, where baseline values of the markers are used.

scholarly journals Immunologic Response of HIV-Infected Children to Different Regimens of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Teshale Ayele Mega ◽  
Firehiwot Belayneh Usamo ◽  
Getandale Zeleke Negera
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Immunologic Response ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Background. Both abacavir- (ABC-) based and zidovudine- (AZT-) based regimens are widely utilized for managing HIV infection in children. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data regarding their immunological response and associated risk factors in Ethiopia. Methods. A retrospective hospital-based cohort study was conducted on HIV-infected children in Jimma Medical Center (JMC). A total of 179 records were reviewed by including data from November 2015 to April 2017. Data were collected on sociodemographic, clinical characteristics of patients and drug-related variables. Data analysis was done using STATA 13.1. Mixed-effect linear regression was performed to assess the difference in CD4+ changes between groups adjusting for baseline characteristics. The change in predicted CD4 count attributed to each regimen was also assessed by marginal analysis. P<0.05 for slope of the random-effect linear regression was used as an indicator for the presence of association. Result. Of 179 patients, 98 (54.7%) were females. The mean (±SD) duration of follow-up was 939.8 ± 478.3 and 984.92 ± 453.1 days for ABC and AZT groups, respectively. AZT group had a significant CD4+ count gain per visit compared with their ABC counterparts ((β = 20.51, 95% CI [6.37–34.65]), P=0.004) over time. The regimen AZT + 3TC + LPV/r tended to have an excellent predicted CD4+ lymphocyte count change relative to all other regimens, while ABC + 3TC + LPV/r had the least immunologic recovery (margins 338.0 cells/mm3 versus 249.13 cells/mm3 (P<0.001)). Baseline CD4+ lymphocyte count, ART group, WHO clinical stages, and viral load were independent predictors for CD4+ change overtime. Conclusion. AZT-based regimens seem to have better immunological response compared to ABC-based regimens. Immunologic response was described worse in patients with a viral load of >1000copies/ml, low baseline CD4+ count, advanced WHO clinical stages, and ABC-containing regimens. Further study is needed to clarify these aspects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low CD4+ Lymphocyte Count on the Radiographic Patterns of HIV Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Nigerians

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Affusim ◽  
Vivien Abah ◽  
Emeka B. Kesieme ◽  
Kester Anyanwu ◽  
Taofik A. T. Salami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

CD4 Lymphocyte Numbers after Splenectomy in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency virus

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K Fairley ◽  
Denis Spelman ◽  
Alison Street ◽  
Ian D Jennens ◽  
W John Spicer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Effect Of Splenectomy

Splenectomy has been reported to alter inconsistently the CD4 lymphocyte numbers in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To further assess the effect of splenectomy we have retrospectively examined the charts of 10 patients who were infected with HIV and who had undergone splenectomy. There was a significant increase in the mean CD4 numbers following splenectomy (mean increase of 326/μl, or 2.1-fold, P = 0.0009), the total lymphocyte numbers (mean increase of 1.55/ml, or 2.2-fold, P = 0.001) and in the CD8 lymphocyte count (mean increase of 968/μl, or 2.3–fold, P = 0.014). No significant difference was observed in the percentage CD4 lymphocytes ( P = 0.95) or in the CD4:CD8 lymphocyte ratio ( P = 0.76). In two patients, symptoms suggestive of impaired immune function developed post-splenectomy, at a time when their CD4 lymphocyte numbers were markedly higher than their pre-splenectomy values. One developed oral candidiasis (CD4 960/μl, percentage CD4 32%), and in one patient a 7 kg weight loss was associated with recurrent mouth ulcers (CD4 680/μl, percentage CD4 7%). We conclude that the total CD4 count increases significantly after splenectomy while the percentage CD4 lymphocyte count and CD4:CD8 lymphocyte ratio do not. Our data suggest that the CD4 lymphocyte count overestimates the immune function in these patients, although our findings are not conclusive.

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