scholarly journals An Analysis of the Implications of Modernity on Humanity: Developing an Epistemological Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5249-5255
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaid Mughal ◽  
Nasser Karimian
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Metaphysical Foundation ◽  
Logical Conclusion ◽  
Naturalistic Approach ◽  
Moral Arguments ◽  
Epistemological Framework

The paper seeks to explore the hidden assumptions that are imbedded in a modern, atheistic, naturalistic philosophical outlook, and the conclusions of which are often overlooked. Particularly, the authors highlight that a philosophically naturalistic outlook leads to untenable conclusions regarding human morality, volition, and subjective conscious experience. The analysis finds that a modern approach, if taken to its logical conclusion, would leave humanity bereft of meaning. The authors argue that the naturalistic approach requires leaps of faith regarding human cognitive capacities, as it assumes sound reasoning without justification to such a premise. The authors conclude that religious grounding, specifically an Islamic conceptual framework, is necessary to account for consciousness, logic, and morality, while the abandonment of this tradition along with the metaphysical foundation it provides leaves the modern man struggling to justify rationality, moral arguments, and even basic articulation with which he rejects faith in God. Thus, the authors conclude that modernity, while commended for its advancements in the sciences, must not lose the metaphysical underpinnings upon which it is founded.

Personal Information as Symmetry Breaker in Disagreements

Philosophy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Diego E. Machuca
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
First Order ◽  
Natural Reaction ◽  
Epistemic Standing

Abstract When involved in a disagreement, a common reaction is to tell oneself that, given that the information about one's own epistemic standing is clearly superior in both amount and quality to the information about one's opponent's epistemic standing, one is justified in one's confidence that one's view is correct. In line with this natural reaction to disagreement, some contributors to the debate on its epistemic significance have claimed that one can stick to one's guns by relying in part on information about one's first-order evidence and the functioning of one's cognitive capacities. In this article, I argue that such a manoeuvre to settle controversies encounters the problem that both disputants can make use of it, the problem that one may be wrong about one's current conscious experience, and the problem that it is a live possibility that many of one's beliefs are the product of epistemically distorting factors. I also argue that, even if we grant that personal information is reliable, when it comes to real-life rather than idealized disagreements, the extent of the unpossessed information about one's opponent's epistemic standing provides a reason for doubting that personal information can function as a symmetry breaker.

CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. CASE STUDY IN ROMANIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Maria Popescu ◽  
Lidia Mândru
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
Management Perspective

"The paper addresses to the Public Administration (PA) from the management perspective. The first part of the study defines the conceptual framework of the two management doctrines, generically called the New Public Management and New Public Government. The second part of the paper reviews the transformation movement in PA management and governance in Romania in the last two decades. The methodology of the study consists in the analysis of the recent theoretic studies on PA modern approach, and official documents, national and European reports, and other publications related to the PA reform in Romania. "

Self-Consciousness in the Phenomenology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phenomenology Of Spirit ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Conscious Thought ◽  
Wide Range

This chapter argues that the wide range of topics that Hegel considers in the chapter of the Phenomenology of Spirit titled “Self-Consciousness”—including desire, recognition, death, work, and spirit—are all components of a non-genetic account of the self-conscious experience enjoyed by all persons. For Hegel, self-consciousness is essentially practical insofar as it involves a desiring relation to objects, and it is essentially social insofar as that relation becomes self-consciousness only through the recognition of other subjects whose ends constrain one’s own desiring activity. Hegel presents this position on self-consciousness through the figure of the bondsman that relates to itself as a subject only by recognizing the authority of others. This chapter concludes by considering how Hegel’s rethinking of the norms of self-conscious thought and action as ‘spirit’ both grounds his position on the unboundedness of cognitive capacities and makes necessary an examination of the historical development of spirit.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Analysis of Collective Patterns of Conscious Experience Using a Self-Report Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Brazdau ◽  
Sona Ahuja ◽  
Cristian-Dan Opariuc ◽  
Valita Jones ◽  
Sadhna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Psychological Maturity

This study is an exploration of collective patterns of conscious experience, as described by various psychological models, using a self-report questionnaire: The Consciousness Quotient Inventory (CQ-i). The CQ-i evaluates patterns of behaviors, attitudes, and attentional styles as well as the usage of conscious skills, awareness, and the capacity to “feel awake and alive,” providing a complex exploration of conscious experience. A set of 237 items covering major aspects of the subjective conscious experience was selected to detect the phenomenal patterns of subjective conscious experience. An exploratory factor analysis on a large sample (N = 2,360), combined with our previous meta-research on conceptual convergence of conscious experiences, revealed that these experiences appear to have 15 patterns common to all of us. A sample with a quasi-normal distribution (n = 2,266) was employed for standardization and classification of scores (M = 100; SD = 15). The study provides a conceptual framework for future in-depth studies on collective patterns of self-awareness, inner growth dynamics, and psychological maturity.

How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

Evaluating research in developmental disabilities: a conceptual framework for reviewing treatment outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Butler ◽  
Henry Chambers ◽  
Murray Goldstein ◽  
Susan Harris ◽  
Judy Leach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Treatment Outcomes

Understanding Why Older People Develop a Wish to Die

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Rurup ◽  
H. R. W. Pasman ◽  
J. Goedhart ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
A. J. F. M. Kerkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Quantitative studies in several European countries showed that 10–20% of older people have or have had a wish to die. Aims: To improve our understanding of why some older people develop a wish to die. Methods: In-depth interviews with people with a wish to die (n = 31) were carried out. Through open coding and inductive analysis, we developed a conceptual framework to describe the development of death wishes. Respondents were selected from two cohort studies. Results: The wish to die had either been triggered suddenly after traumatic life events or had developed gradually after a life full of adversity, as a consequence of aging or illness, or after recurring depression. The respondents were in a situation they considered unacceptable, yet they felt they had no control to change their situation and thus progressively “gave up” trying. Recurring themes included being widowed, feeling lonely, being a victim, being dependent, and wanting to be useful. Developing thoughts about death as a positive thing or a release from problems seemed to them like a way to reclaim control. Conclusions: People who wish to die originally develop thoughts about death as a positive solution to life events or to an adverse situation, and eventually reach a balance of the wish to live and to die.

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