New diagnostic capabilities of a Russian-made antenatal fetal monitor

Abstract Comprehensive in situ (designed-in) diagnostic capabilities have been incorporated into digital microelectronic systems for years, yet similar capabilities are not commonly incorporated into the design of analog microelectronics. And as feature sizes shrink and back end interconnect metallization becomes more complex, the need for effective diagnostics for analog circuits becomes ever more critical. This paper presents concepts for incorporating in situ diagnostic capability into analog circuit designs. Aspects of analog diagnostic system architecture are discussed as well as nodal measurement scenarios for common signal types. As microelectronic feature sizes continue to shrink, diagnostic capabilities such as those presented here will become essential to the process of fault localization in analog circuits.

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Assessing the diagnostic capabilities of the app DemDx in an acute care setting (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.12440 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Cian Murphy

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Care Setting ◽

Medical Student Education ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Junior Doctors ◽

Doctor Who ◽

Clinical Accuracy ◽

Education Tool ◽

Clinical Records ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities

UNSTRUCTURED DemDx is a differential diagnosis app for students and junior doctors. Starting with a patient’s presenting complaint the app goes through a step-by-process through history, examination and investigation findings to an increasingly refined differential diagnosis list until a single most likely diagnosis is reached. The aim of this project was to assess the accuracy of DemDx in an Emergency Department (ED) setting. Anonymised clinical records for 100 patients were retrospectively obtained from the ED in Beth Israel, Boston, USA. This contained the differential diagnoses from the clerking doctor, who performed the initial assessment (D1). The discharge diagnosis was used as the gold standard diagnosis (D2). D1 agreed with D2 in 74.44% of cases while DemDx agreed with D2 in 85.56% of cases (p=0.0003716). When the first, and thus most likely, differential was taken from D1 and DemDx, they agreed with D2 in 20 and 18.8% of cases, respectively (p=0.1428). This demonstration of the clinical accuracy of the app highlights how it can be a useful medical student education tool.

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Clinically applicable artificial intelligence system for dental diagnosis with CBCT

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94093-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matvey Ezhov ◽

Maxim Gusarev ◽

Maria Golitsyna ◽

Julian M. Yates ◽

Evgeny Kushnerev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Model Development ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Periapical Lesion ◽

Artificial Intelligence System ◽

Intelligence System ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities ◽

Lesion Localization

AbstractIn this study, a novel AI system based on deep learning methods was evaluated to determine its real-time performance of CBCT imaging diagnosis of anatomical landmarks, pathologies, clinical effectiveness, and safety when used by dentists in a clinical setting. The system consists of 5 modules: ROI-localization-module (segmentation of teeth and jaws), tooth-localization and numeration-module, periodontitis-module, caries-localization-module, and periapical-lesion-localization-module. These modules use CNN based on state-of-the-art architectures. In total, 1346 CBCT scans were used to train the modules. After annotation and model development, the AI system was tested for diagnostic capabilities of the Diagnocat AI system. 24 dentists participated in the clinical evaluation of the system. 30 CBCT scans were examined by two groups of dentists, where one group was aided by Diagnocat and the other was unaided. The results for the overall sensitivity and specificity for aided and unaided groups were calculated as an aggregate of all conditions. The sensitivity values for aided and unaided groups were 0.8537 and 0.7672 while specificity was 0.9672 and 0.9616 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.032). This study showed that the proposed AI system significantly improved the diagnostic capabilities of dentists.

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Diagnostic Capabilities of a Smartphone- Based Low-Cost Microscope

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2020-3134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 522-525

Author(s):

Dorina Hasselbeck ◽

Max B. Schäfer ◽

Kent W. Stewart ◽

Peter P. Pott

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Field Of View ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Optical Parameters ◽

Trade Off ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Wide Range ◽

Diagnostic Applications ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities

AbstractMicroscopy enables fast and effective diagnostics. However, in resource-limited regions microscopy is not accessible to everyone. Smartphone-based low-cost microscopes could be a powerful tool for diagnostic and educational purposes. In this paper, the imaging quality of a smartphone-based microscope with four different optical parameters is presented and a systematic overview of the resulting diagnostic applications is given. With the chosen configuration, aiming for a reasonable trade-off, an average resolution of 1.23 μm and a field of view of 1.12 mm2 was achieved. This enables a wide range of diagnostic applications such as the diagnosis of Malaria and other parasitic diseases.

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Validation of an informatics tool to assess resident’s progress in developing reporting skills

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-019-0772-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Facundo N. Diaz ◽

Marina Ulla

Keyword(s):

Communication Skills ◽

Residency Program ◽

Preliminary Report ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Final Report ◽

Residency Programs ◽

Case Based Learning ◽

Radiology Residency ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities

Abstract Background Diagnostic radiology residency programs pursuits as main objectives of the development of diagnostic capabilities and written communication skills to answer clinicians’ questions of referring clinicians. There has been also an increasing focus on competencies, rather than just education inputs. Then, to show ongoing professional development is necessary for a system to assess and document resident’s competence in these areas. Therefore, we propose the implementation of an informatics tool to objectively assess resident’s progress in developing diagnostics and reporting skills. We expect to found decreased preliminary report-final report variability within the course of each year of the residency program. Results We analyzed 12,162 evaluations from 32 residents (8 residents per year in a 4-year residency program) in a 7-month period. 73.96% of these evaluations belong to 2nd-year residents. We chose two indicators to study the evolution of evaluations: the total of discrepancies over the total of preliminary reports (excluding score 0) and the total of likely to be clinically significant discrepancies (scores 2b, 3b, and 4b) over the total of preliminary reports (excluding score 0). With the analysis of these two indicators over the evaluations of 2nd-year residents, we found a slight decrease in the value of the first indicator and relative stable behavior of the second one. Conclusions This tool is useful for objective assessment of reporting skill of radiology residents. It can provide an opportunity for continuing medical education with case-based learning from those cases with clinically significant discrepancies between the preliminary and the final report.

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Testosterone in Female Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11030409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 409

Author(s):

Dhruba Tara Maharjan ◽

Ali Alamdar Shah Syed ◽

Guan Ning Lin ◽

Weihai Ying

Keyword(s):

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Mendelian Randomization Analysis ◽

The Difference ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities ◽

Randomization Analysis

Testosterone’s role in female depression is not well understood, with studies reporting conflicting results. Here, we use meta-analytical and Mendelian randomization techniques to determine whether serum testosterone levels differ between depressed and healthy women and whether such a relationship is casual. Our meta-analysis shows a significant association between absolute serum testosterone levels and female depression, which remains true for the premenopausal group while achieving borderline significance in the postmenopausal group. The results from our Mendelian randomization analysis failed to show any causal relationship between testosterone and depression. Our results show that women with depression do indeed display significantly different serum levels of testosterone. However, the directions of the effect of this relationship are conflicting and may be due to menopausal status. Since our Mendelian randomization analysis was insignificant, the difference in testosterone levels between healthy and depressed women is most likely a manifestation of the disease itself. Further studies could be carried out to leverage this newfound insight into better diagnostic capabilities culminating in early intervention in female depression.

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Diagnosis of Turbine Engine Transient Performance With Model-Based Parameter Estimation Techniques

Volume 5: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Ceramics; Structures and Dynamics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; General ◽

10.1115/94-gt-317 ◽

1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeff W. Bird ◽

Howard M. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Test Data ◽

Physical Models ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Robustness To Noise ◽

Linear Effects ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities ◽

Engine Components ◽

And Control ◽

Parameter Estimation Techniques

This review surveys knowledge needed to develop an improved method of modelling the dynamics of gas turbine performance for fault diagnosis applications. Aerothermodynamic and control models of gas turbine processes are examined as complementary to models derived directly from test data. Extensive, often proprietary data are required for physical models of components, while system identification (SI) methods need data from specially-designed tests. Current methods are limited in: tuning models to test data, non-linear effects, component descriptions in SI models, robustness to noise, and inclusion of control systems and actuators. Conclusions are drawn that SI models could be formulated, with parameters which describe explicitly the functions of key engine components, to offer improved diagnostic capabilities.

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Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Sparsity Measurement as Tools Enhancing the Gear Diagnostic Capabilities of Time Synchronous Averaging

Advances in Data Science and Adaptive Analysis ◽

10.1142/s2424922x17500048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 09 (02) ◽

pp. 1750004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pawel Rzeszucinski ◽

Michal Juraszek ◽

James R. Ottewill

Keyword(s):

Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽

Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽

Diagnostic Information ◽

Optimal Parameters ◽

Vibration Data ◽

Mode Decomposition ◽

Ultrasound Signal ◽

Diagnostic Capabilities ◽

Mixing Problem ◽

Mode Mixing

The paper introduces the concept of exploring the potential of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Sparsity Measurement (SM) in enhancing the diagnostic information contained in the Time Synchronous Averaging (TSA) method used in the field of gearbox diagnostics. EEMD was created as a natural improvement of the Empirical Mode Decomposition which suffered from a so-called mode mixing problem. SM is heavily used in the field of ultrasound signal processing as a tool for assessing the degree of sparsity of a signal. A novel process of automatically finding the optimal parameters of EEMD is proposed by incorporating a Form Factor parameter, known from the field of electrical engineering. All these elements are combined and applied on a set of vibration data generated on a 2-stage gearbox under healthy and faulty conditions. The results suggest that combining these methods may increase the robustness of the condition monitoring routine, when compared to the standard TSA used alone.

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