Vaccine Court

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Fault Compensation ◽  
Compensation Program

In Vaccine Court, Anna Kirkland tells the story of how a special no-fault compensation court in the United States handles very controversial claims that a vaccine has harmed someone. Vaccines are an important part of infectious disease control in our society and also touch us in very personal ways. While vaccines overall are extremely safe and effective, some people still suffer severe vaccine reactions and bring their claims to vaccine court. In this court, lawyers, activists, judges, doctors, and scientists come together, sometimes arguing bitterly, to determine whether a vaccine truly caused a person’s medical problem. Vaccine Court draws on the court rulings, observations at the court, and previously unstudied primary sources spanning the thirty years of the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program to ask how we know a vaccine injury. Despite all the controversy swirling around vaccines, this special court provides a place for reasoned argument and consideration of a range of evidence and perspectives that ultimately support the crucial role vaccines play in our society while also doing justice to people who have been harmed.

Communicable Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease Control

This chapter explores the key features of American infectious disease law. The history of health law in the United States begins with the colonial laws that responded to the epidemics of smallpox, yellow fever, and other infectious diseases that regularly devastated the North American colonies. In the twentieth century, as the fear of infection declined, courts began to provide greater protections for individuals and vulnerable populations subjected to infectious disease laws. Moreover, the federal government began to play a more prominent and complex role in the control of infectious diseases. The chapter then looks at the allocation of authority between the states and federal government with respect to infectious disease control. It also discusses the role that restraint on individual rights plays in infectious disease control and the limits that the US Constitution and civil rights laws place on such restraints. The chapter also considers some of the specific tools that jurisdictions employ in response to infectious disease. It concludes with a brief discussion of the United States' role in global public health.

Keeping the flu at bay: Methods for detecting and containing infectious disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Atresha Karra, JD ◽  
Emily Cornette, JD
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

This article focuses on the existing methods for tracking and restricting the spread of communicable diseases, both within United States borders and across nations. It will first describe the roles played by the United States’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization and will then explore how communicable diseases across the world are identified and monitored. This will be followed by a discussion of US and world reporting requirements and methods. Finally, the article will discuss the tactics used by the United States to control the spread of disease.

THE WORLD BANK LENDING AND NON-LENDING TO LATIN AMERICA: THE CASE OF ARGENTINA, 1971-1976

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Claudia Kedar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Constraints

AbstractThrough the analysis of Argentina-World Bank (WB) relations between 1971 and 1976, this article examines how democracies and dictatorships, as well as political and economic constraints did (or did not) impact WB lending to Latin America. This period is especially revealing. Between May 1971 and September 1976, the WB did not grant any new loans to Argentina, thereby generating an exceptional and unusually long break in WB lending to the country. Drawing on previously undisclosed files from the WB Archives and additional primary sources from Argentina and the United States, this article unveils the actual mechanisms, criteria and justification that stood behind the decision to lend or not to lend to Argentina. It maintains that the WB’s self-imposed principle of «neutrality» played a crucial role in facilitating the WB’s relations with Argentina during the politically and economically unstable early 1970s.

Dilemmas and Prospects of Writing a Bahá’í Encyclopedia

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Will C. Van Den Hoonaard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
General Reader ◽  
Encyclopedic Dictionary ◽  
Current Stage

This paper addresses the need for a Bahá’í encyclopedia and describes the nature, organization, and editing of the multi-volume Bahá’í encyclopedic dictionary project endorsed in 1984 by the United States Bahá’í community. The encyclopedia will serve both Bahá’í and non-Bahá’í researchers arid scholars, the general reader; and university and public libraries. This paper considers the significance of the encyclopedia in terms of other Bahá’í encyclopedic works and in terms of the current stage in the development of the Bahá’í community. However desirable such a project may be, a number of dilemmas accompany its undertaking. These dilemmas relate to the present status of Bahá’í scholarship, the embryonic nature of primary sources, the high standard of scholarship exemplified by the works of Shoghi Effendi, and the relative newness of the Bahá’í religion. The prospects of the encyclopedic undertaking are expected to generate considerable scholarship and to provide intellectual vigor to issues raised by Bahá’ís and their critics.

Building America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early American ◽  
Transatlantic Exchange ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private Homes

Building America: The Life of Benjamin Henry Latrobe is a biography of America’s first professionally trained architect and engineer. Born in 1764, Latrobe was raised in Moravian communities in England and Germany. His parents expected him to follow his father and brother into the ministry, but he rebelled against the church. Moved to London, he studied architecture and engineering. In 1795 he emigrated to the United States and became part of the period’s Transatlantic Exchange. Latrobe soon was famous for his neoclassical architecture, designing important buildings, including the US Capitol and Baltimore Basilica as well as private homes. Carpenters and millwrights who built structures more cheaply and less permanently than Latrobe challenged his efforts to establish architecture as a profession. Rarely during his twenty-five years in the United States was he financially secure, and when he was, he speculated on risky ventures that lost money. He declared bankruptcy in 1817 and moved to New Orleans, the sixth American city that he lived in, hoping to recoup his finances by installing a municipal water system. He died there of yellow fever in 1820. The themes that emerge in this biography are the critical role Latrobe played in the culture of the early republic through his buildings and his genius in neoclassical design. Like the nation’s political founders, Latrobe was committed to creating an exceptional nation, expressed in his case by buildings and internal improvements. Additionally, given the extensive primary sources available for this biography, an examination of his life reveals early American attitudes toward class, family, and religion.

scholarly journals Retirement Without God: Activism and Community Among Secular People Over 60

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Joseph Blankholm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Vast Literature

Abstract There are more than 1,400 nonbeliever communities in the United States and well over a dozen organizations that advocate for secular people on the national level. Together, these local and national groups comprise a social movement that includes atheists, agnostics, humanists, freethinkers, and other kinds of nonbelievers. Despite the fact that retired people over 60 dedicate most of the money and energy needed to run these groups, the increasingly vast literature on secular people and secularism has paid them almost no attention. Relying on more than one hundred interviews (including dozens with people over 60), several years of ethnographic research, and a survey of organized nonbelievers, this paper demonstrates the crucial role that people over 60 play in the American secular movement today. It also considers the reasons older adults are so important to these groups, the challenges they face in trying to recruit younger members and combat stereotypes about aging leadership, and generational differences that structure how various types of nonbeliever groups look and feel. This paper reframes scholarly understandings of very secular Americans by focusing on people over 60 and charts a new path in secular studies.

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