scholarly journals Factors Affecting Initiation and Duration of Breastfeeding Among Off-Reserve Indigenous Children in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Romano ◽  
Martin Cooke ◽  
Piotr Wilk
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Lower Household Income

Indigenous children in Canada are less likely to be breastfed compared to non-Indigenous children; however, little information about rates and correlates of breastfeeding exist. We used a nationally representative survey to examine breastfeeding initiation (n = 9,330) and duration (n = 6,760) among First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children. In our sample, 72.5% of children had been breastfed, and 57.9% of these individuals were breastfed until six months. Factors associated with increased breastfeeding included mothers’ educational attainment, children’s weight at birth, mothers' residential school attendance, and region of residence. Having Indian Status and lower household income were associated with lower breastfeeding initiation and duration. Our findings suggest that targeted efforts to encourage and support breastfeeding among Indigenous women are needed. Additional research using contemporary data are required in Canada.

Effect of a Prenatal Nutritional Intervention Program On Initiation and Duration of Breastfeeding

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisèle Léger-Leblanc ◽  
France M. Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Early Childhood Initiative ◽  
Intention To Breastfeed

Purpose: To evaluate initiation and duration of breastfeeding of infants born to mothers who participated in the Early Childhood Initiative (ECI) program. Factors affecting the initiation and the early cessation of breastfeeding were also explored. Methods: Twenty-five pregnant women participating in the ECI program completed this prospective study. At 36 weeks’ gestation, a questionnaire was administered to assess socioeconomic status, intention to breastfeed and breastfeeding experience. When the infants were three and six months of age, feeding practices were assessed with a questionnaire. Results: The breastfeeding initiation rate was 62.5%. At one and three months postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding rates were 39% and 4%, respectively. At six months, none of the women was exclusively breastfeeding. Primiparity, prenatal classes, having been breastfed and intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with breastfeeding initiation. Father’s education, intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation, no water or formula given to the infant during hospitalization and higher maternal hemoglobin level at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusions: The rate of initiation and duration of breastfeeding for ECI participants were low. To achieve successful interventions, it is important to target modifiable factors known to influence the initiation and duration of breastfeeding within this population.

scholarly journals Promoting Breastfeeding at the Start: Hospital Practices and Breastfeeding Initiation and Exclusivity Among Low-income Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 782-782
Author(s):  
Susana Matias ◽  
Laurel Moffat ◽  
Kelsey MacCuish
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Survey Weighting ◽  
Hospital Practices

Abstract Objectives To determine whether hospital breastfeeding-related practices are associated with breastfeeding initiation (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at discharge in a low-income population. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study II (ITFPS-2), a nationally representative sample of low-income mothers enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). This analysis included birth mothers who delivered at a hospital, whose infants did not spent time in the NICU, and had survey weighting data. BF and EBF (in women who initiated breastfeeding), hospital practices (rooming in, breastfeeding encouragement from staff, availability of staff who provided breastfeeding support, reception of gift pack, and among those who initiated breastfeeding, breastfeeding in the first hour and on demand, ) and sociodemographic data were collected via interview at 1 month postpartum. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for maternal age, race and ethnicity, income, breastfeeding history, and delivery type, was conducted. We further adjusted for breastfeeding intentions, assessed in a sub-sample during pregnancy. Results The weighted analytic sample included 394,022 women (n = 311,355 for EBF). Rooming in was positively associated with BF (P < 0.0001). Among those who initiated breastfeeding, doing so within the first hour was associated with EBF (P < 0.0001). Breastfeeding encouragement from staff and availability of breastfeeding support staff were strongly associated with BF (both P < 0.0001), but not with EBF (P = 0.74 and P = 0.08, respectively). Receiving a pro-formula gift pack was associated with a 40% and 50% reduction in the odds of BF and EBF, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Further adjustment for breastfeeding intentions in a sub-sample (n = 250,665 for BF, n = 202,412 for EBF) provided similar findings. Conclusions Hospital practices were associated with breastfeeding practices, regardless of breastfeeding intentions. Limiting pro-formula gifts and providing breastfeeding support at hospitals, either directly or by creating an environment that allows for breastfeeding opportunities, may improve breastfeeding rates in the WIC population. Funding Sources The WIC ITFPS-2 is a federal study conducted under the direction of Office of Policy Support in the USDA FNS.

Suicidal thoughts and attempts in First Nations communities: links to parental Indian residential school attendance across development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bombay ◽  
R. J. McQuaid ◽  
F. Schwartz ◽  
A. Thomas ◽  
H. Anisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
First Nations ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Residential School ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Adult Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Chronic Childhood

AbstractThe Indian residential school (IRS) system in Canada ran for over a century until the last school closed in 1996. Conditions in the IRSs resulted in generations of Indigenous children being exposed to chronic childhood adversity. The current investigation used data from the 2008–2010 First Nations Regional Health Survey to explore whether parental IRS attendance was associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts in childhood, adolescence and in adulthood among a representative sample of First Nations peoples living on-reserve across Canada. Analyses of the adult sample in Study 1 (unweighted n=7716; weighted n=186,830) revealed that having a parent who attended IRS was linked with increased risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescence and adulthood. Although females were negatively affected by having a parent who attended IRS, the link with suicidal ideation in adulthood was greater for males. Analyses of the youth sample in Study 2 (unweighted n=2883; weighted n=30,190) confirmed that parental IRS attendance was associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. In contrast to the adult sample, parental IRS attendance had a significantly greater relation with suicidal ideation among female youth. A significant interaction also emerged between parental IRS attendance and age in the youth sample, with the influence of parental attendance being particularly strong among youth ages 12–14, compared with those 15–17 years. These results underscore the need for culturally relevant early interventions for the large proportions of Indigenous children and youth intergenerationally affected by IRSs and other collective traumas.

scholarly journals Canada’s history of failing to provide medical care for Indigenous children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhshan Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Current Status ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Canadian Government ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Services And Supports

Abstract In December 2007, the House of Commons unanimously supported Jordan’s Principle, a commitment that all First Nations children would receive the health care products, social services, and supports, and education they need, in memory of Jordan River Anderson. However, the process of applying for Jordan’s Principle was convoluted and not transparent, leaving several cases not being responded to. The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal found the definition and implementation of Jordan’s Principle to be racist and discriminatory in 2016, ordering the Canadian government to make immediate changes. Failing to make changes to Jordan’s Principle, the Canadian government was found to be noncompliant with the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal orders in 2018. This article provides one case example of Jordan’s Principle that was not responded to, details on the current status of Jordan’s Principle, and information on the recent implementation of the Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Breastfeeding Discontinuation Between Hospital Discharge and 2 Weeks Postpartum

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Brand ◽  
Catherine Kothari ◽  
Mary Ann Stark
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Early Discontinuation ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Although breastfeeding is known to be beneficial to both mother and infant, many women encounter barriers to breastfeeding, even after successful breastfeeding initiation, which may put them at greater risk for early cessation of breastfeeding. The objectives of this study were to conduct a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study of postpartum depression to (a) examine factors related to very early discontinuation of breastfeeding (at 2 weeks postpartum) following hospital discharge and (b) identify women’s reasons for very early cessation of breastfeeding. The results of this study support findings from previous research. Having a perceived support system, whether it is personal or professional, may have an effect on both the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Educating expectant and new mothers, especially women who encounter multiple barriers and are at risk for very early cessation of breastfeeding, of the benefits of breastfeeding and supporting them in developing efficient techniques and problem-solving skills can help increase the duration of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals What does early initiation and duration of breastfeeding have to do with childhood mortality? Analysis of pooled population-based data in 35 sub-Saharan African countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ekholuenetale ◽  
Amadou Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Pooled Sample

Abstract Background Breastfeeding practices and their impact on infant health and survival are unquestionably of global interest. The aim of this study was to examine the link between breastfeeding initiation within one hour of birth, breastfeeding duration and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This study used data from the Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted in 35 Sub-Saharan African countries between 2008 and 2017. Early initiation and duration of breastfeeding, food consumption indices, and infant mortality were all important variables. Analysis used percentage, median/interquartile range, and regression models (logistic, linear, Cox). Results Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth was lowest in Chad (23.0%) and highest in Burundi (85.0%). The pooled median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months. Female children had 3% significant lower odds of consuming tinned, powdered or fresh milk, compared with male children (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94, 0.99). Conversely, female children were more likely to be put to breast within one hour after birth, compared with male children (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05). Results from the pooled sample showed approximately 20% (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67, 0.96) and 21% (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.77, 0.80) reduction in infant mortality for children breastfed within one hour after birth and for every unit increase in the months of breastfeeding respectively. In addition, countries with the leading infant mortality rate include; Sierra Leone (92 deaths per 1000 live births), Chad (72 deaths per 1000 live births), Nigeria (69 deaths per 1000 live births), Cote d’ Ivoire (68 deaths per 1000 live births), Guinea (67 deaths per 1000 live births), Burkina-Faso (65 deaths per 1000 live births) and Mozambique (64 deaths per 1000 live births) respectively. Conclusions The findings from this study underscores the need for early breastfeeding initiation and prolong breastfeeding to be considered in programmes on improving childhood survival. Efforts should be made to improve optimal breastfeeding practices as only about half of children in the pooled sample had best practices of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal variation of CO2 emissions from private vehicle use in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Long ◽  
Yoshikuni Yoshida ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Alexandros Gasparatos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
City Size ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract The transport sector is a major contributor to anthropogenic climate change through the emissions of large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from fossil fuel combustion. Private vehicles account for almost half of the transport energy demand, and are thus a major target of climate change mitigation efforts. However, emissions from private vehicles can have large variability due to various geographic, demographic and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to understand how such factors affect private vehicle emissions in Japan using a nationally representative survey of household energy consumption (n=7,370) for 2017. The results indicate a large temporal and spatial variability in private vehicle emissions. Annual emissions show three peaks associated with major holiday seasons in winter and summer. Some of the more noteworthy spatial patterns are the higher emissions in prefectures characterized by low population density and mountainous terrain. Income, city size and the fuel-saving driving behavior all have a significant effect on emissions. The results indicate the need for sub-regional and socioeconomically-sensitive mitigation efforts that reflect the very different emission patterns, and the factors affecting them. The strong effect of city size, which is often much more clear-cut than between prefectures, suggests that it is more appropriate to approach transport decarbonization in Japan at the city level.

scholarly journals Ida Halpern: A Post-Colonial Portrait of a Canadian Pioneer Ethnomusicologist

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Kenneth Chen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Coast Salish ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Musical Development

The work of Ida Halpern (1910–87), one of Canada's first musicologists and a pioneer ethnomusicologist, has been largely ignored. This essay illuminates her most important contribution to the musical development of this country: the documentation of Native musics. Halpern devoted some four decades to recording and analyzing over five hundred songs of the Kwakwaka'wakw, the Nuuchahnulth, the Haida, the Nuxalk, and the Coast Salish First Nations of British Columbia—a truly remarkable achievement considering that a large part of her fieldwork was conducted during a period when it was illegal for Native cultures to be celebrated, much less preserved. The author discusses the strengths and weaknesses of her methodology as well as some factors affecting the reception of her work by academic peers and by the communities she worked with. While Halpern did not always thoroughly investigate context, she endeavoured to write heteroglossically and to invent a theory that accounted for the music of these songs.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Food Insecurity in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Dudek ◽  
Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
The Impact

While food insecurity (FI) has been extensively studied in many countries, there have been few empirical contributions in Poland to date. The main objective of our research was to identify the socio-demographic factors affecting the risk of FI in Poland within 2014–2019. Moreover, we aimed to examine the effects of the family-oriented social program “Family 500+” by comparing the situation in various types of households with children a few years before and after the program was launched. The analysis was based on the set of eight-item FI indicators adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization using the Gallup World Poll nationally representative survey data. Based on our results the most vulnerable groups in the context of FI were identified. We confirmed the importance of education, gender, age, marital status, household composition, status of employment and income in preventing FI. The effectiveness of the support program in reducing FI was demonstrated as households with at least three children experienced significant improvement in the FI status during the studied years. These findings should be especially important in the context of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI. As FI can affect the quality and quantity of food choices it is associated with a poorer health status, which increases the risk of infection, including COVID-19, and worsens recovery prognosis. Planning an efficient response to the pandemic requires a comprehension of the increased risk of exposure experienced by people, especially those who are food insecure.

scholarly journals Racial discrimination and allostatic load among First Nations Australians: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Cave ◽  
Matthew N. Cooper ◽  
Stephen R. Zubrick ◽  
Carrington C. J. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Increased allostatic load is linked with racial discrimination exposure, providing a mechanism for the biological embedding of racism as a psychosocial stressor. We undertook an examination of how racial discrimination interacts with socioecological, environmental, and health conditions to affect multisystem dysregulation in a First Nations population. Methods We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) using indicators of life stress, socioeconomic background, and physical and mental health from a nationally representative sample of Australian Aboriginal adults (N = 2056). We used LCA with distal outcomes to estimate the effect of the latent class variable on our derived allostatic load index and conducted a stratified analysis to test whether allostatic load varied based on exposure to racial discrimination across latent classes. Results Our psychosocial, environmental, and health measures informed a four-class structure; ‘Low risk’, ‘Challenged but healthy’, ‘Mental health risk’ and ‘Multiple challenges’. Mean allostatic load was highest in ‘Multiple challenges’ compared to all other classes, both in those exposed (4.5; 95% CI: 3.9, 5.0) and not exposed (3.9; 95% CI: 3.7, 4.2) to racial discrimination. Allostatic load was significantly higher for those with exposure to racial discrimination in the ‘Multiple challenges’ class (t = 1.74, p = .04) and significantly lower in the ‘Mental health risk’ class (t = − 1.67, p = .05). Conclusions Racial discrimination may not always modify physiological vulnerability to disease. Social and economic contexts must be considered when addressing the impact of racism, with a focus on individuals and sub-populations experiencing co-occurring life challenges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document