GAMBARAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAFAS PADA IBU BERSALIN DI PRAKTIK MANDIRI BIDAN “N” TAHUN 2021

Nyeri dalam persalinan dapat memiliki dampak yang berbahaya pada ibu dan janin yaitu hiperventilasi. Berdasarkan survey awal yang dilakukan di Praktik Mandiri Bidan N Cipaku pada bulan Januari tahun 2021, ditemukan 7 dari 10 ibu bersalin mengalami nyeri yang luar biasa dan tidak tertahankan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Gambaran Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Pada Ibu Bersalin di Praktik Mandiri Bidan “N” Periode April Tahun 2021. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan jumlah sempel sebanyak 35 orang. Pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode total Sampling. Diketahui Lebih dari setengahnya responden melakukan teknik relaksasi nafas pada proses persalinannya secara baik sebanyak 19 orang (54,3%) dan kurang dari setengahnya responden melakukan teknik relaksasi nafas secara sedang pada proses persalinannya sebanyak 11 orang (31,4%) dan sebagian kecil responden melakukan teknik relaksasi nafas pada proses persalinannya secara kurang sebanyak 5 orang (14,3%). Lebih dari setengahnya responden melakukan teknik relaksasi nafas pada proses persalinannya secara baik.Saran: Diharapkan Tenaga kesehatan khusunya bidan sebagai penolong persalinan dapat membantu ibu bersalin dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ibu akan rasa nyaman dalam pengontrolan nyeri dan dapat meningkatkan kegiatan penyuluhan tentang teknik relaksasi nafas pada proses persalinan yang dapat membantu ibu bersalin mengurangi nyeri pada saat persalinan.Background: Pain in labor can have a dangerous impact on the mother and fetus, namely hyperventilation.4 Based on an initial survey conducted at the Independent Practice of Midwives N Cipaku in January 2021, it was found that 7 out of 10 maternity mothers experienced excruciating pain and did not experience pain. bearable.Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the description of the Breath Relaxation Technique in Maternity in the Midwife Independent Practice "N" for the April 2021 Period. Methods: This research method used a descriptive research method with a sample of 35 people. The sampling used in this study is the total sampling method. The results: It is known that more than half of the respondents performed breath relaxation techniques during labor well as many as 19 people (54.3%) and less than half of the respondents performed moderate breathing relaxation techniques during labor as many as 11 people (31.4%) and a small proportion of respondents performed breathing relaxation techniques in the process of delivery less than 5 people (14.3%.Conclusion: More than half of the respondents performed the breath relaxation technique well in the labor process.Suggestion: It is expected that health workers, especially midwives as birth attendants, can help birth mothers in meeting the mother's need for comfort in pain control and can increase counseling activities about breath relaxation techniques in the labor process that can help mothers in labor reduce pain during labor.

Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Kenya: Evidence from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014

Background: Globally, there has been a marked decline in neonatal mortality and overall child mortality indicators from 1990 to date. In Kenya, neonatal deaths remain unacceptably high, contributing to 40% of under-five mortality rates (U5MR) making it an important health priority. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Kenya. An understanding of the determinants of neonatal mortality will provide evidence for better interventions to reduce these deaths. Methods: Neonatal deaths from singleton live-born infants were extracted from women’s dataset collected for the 5-year period preceding the study published in the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS), 2014. Data were obtained from 18,951 births. There were 356 neonatal deaths recorded. Data were weighted using an individual weighting factor to adjust for the study design and reduce sample variability. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Logistic regression was conducted to adjust for confounding factors. Results: Neonatal mortality rate was established at 19/1000 (95% CI:16.8-20.7). Mothers with no education had higher odds of experiencing deaths of neonates with adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=2.201, 95% CI: 1.43-4.15,p=0.049) compared to mothers with higher education. Low Birth Weight (LBW) neonates were 3.2 times likely to die in the first 28 days (aOR=3.206, 95% CI: 1.85-12.08, p=0.006) compared to neonates with >3.5 kilograms at birth. Mothers who did not attend ANC during pregnancy and those who attended between 1-3 ANC visits had higher odds of losing their infants (aOR=3.348, 95% CI:1.616-8.53, p=0.041, and aOR=2.316, 95% CI: 1.10-4.88, p=0.027) respectively, compared to mothers who attended >4 ANC visits. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Improving maternal health and nutrition during pregnancy should be enhanced to ensure adequate weight gain and reduce instances of low birth weight. Community referrals and follow-up for expectant women to take up the requisite 4 ANC visits should be encouraged. Girls’ education should be emphasized to reduce the proportion of illiterate mothers. Copyright © 2021 Imbo et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

Effects of kefir consumption on carbohydrate profile of mother’s milk

Background: Human milk contains the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of babies as it contains essential bioactive components to support the immune system. Galactooligosaccharides which are important indigestible prebiotics, help multiply the growth of beneficial microorganisms selectively and inhibit the growth of the pathogenic organism. The nutrition of the mother is essential since it affects the composition of mother’s milk. Kefir affects the digestive system, lactose intolerance immune system, anti-microbial effects, probiotic and prebiotic features. However, there is no report on how kefir consumption may have effects on composition of mother’s milk. In this aspect, this study aimed to determine the effects of kefir consumption on the carbohydrate profiles of the mother’s milk. Methods: This study started immediately after birth, mothers were fed with 500 ml/day of kefir made from kefir grains for 30 days in the KF group. Mothers who are in the control group (KI) continued their regular diet. Mother’s milk was collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day and stored at 4ºC. Carbohydrate profile including GOS was determined using the liquid chromatographic method with the HI-PLEX column.Results: The mean lactose concentrations of mother’s milk who consumed kefir were 4,68; 4,72; 5,89 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th, respectively. Glucose concentrations were 0,29; 0,08; 0,21 g/100ml on 10th, 20th, 30th days, respectively. For the mother’s milk samples in the control group, the averages of lactose concentration were 5,42; 5,73; 5,51 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th. GOS peaks were specified depending on the rich content of prebiotics. Conclusion: Consumption of authentic kefir may have effect on carbohydrate profile, including GOS of mother’s milk. Keywords: Human milk, kefir, prebiotic, galactooligosaccharides

Infant Injury Prevention Education for Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Class: A Quasi-Experimental Study

It is important to educate caregivers in order to prevent infant injuries. However, there have been few studies on the effects of education on pregnant women. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of injury prevention group education on this group. Study participants were recruited from a group of pregnant mothers attending an antenatal class in Tokyo. Participants were assigned to either the intervention or control group based on the month in which they attended the existing antenatal class. Both groups received a leaflet on injury prevention, but only the intervention group received an additional short one-shot lecture. The implementation of each of the nine safety practices was assessed during home visits after childbirth. Of the 131 study participants (56 in the control group and 75 in the intervention group), 106 (80.9%) received home visits after birth. Mothers in the intervention group implemented three practices significantly more than those in the control group: Keep soft objects away from the baby’s head (38.3% vs. 13.0%), Do not place your baby on a high surface (74.6% vs. 52.2%), and Use the baby carrier correctly (93.3% vs. 76.1%). In the future, we plan to follow up the participants to evaluate the program’s long-term effects, and to continue to improve the program.

Can Positive Mindsets Be Protective against Stress and Isolation Experienced during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding Emotional Health and Wellbeing Needs of Perinatal Women

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between emotional health and wellbeing and support needs of perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to understand their experiences and need for support. This is a potentially vulnerable group and a critical developmental phase for women and infants. A mixed methods design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data that provided a robust insight into their unique needs. A total of 174 women who were either pregnant or post-birth participated. The main findings demonstrated that women in this cohort experienced varying levels of stress and isolation but also positive experiences. Exploring the relationship between mental health (perceived stress and wellbeing) and resilience (mindfulness and self-compassion) revealed an association between positive mental health and higher levels of mindfulness and self-compassion. Positive mindsets may be protective against psychological distress for the mother and her child, suggesting that meditation-based or similar training might help support expectant and post-birth mothers during times of crisis, such as a pandemic. This information could be used to make recommendations for future planning for practitioners and policymakers in preparing for prospective infection waves, pandemics, or natural disasters, and could be used to develop targeted tools, support, and care.

Promoting Breastfeeding at the Start: Hospital Practices and Breastfeeding Initiation and Exclusivity Among Low-income Women

Objectives To determine whether hospital breastfeeding-related practices are associated with breastfeeding initiation (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at discharge in a low-income population. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study II (ITFPS-2), a nationally representative sample of low-income mothers enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). This analysis included birth mothers who delivered at a hospital, whose infants did not spent time in the NICU, and had survey weighting data. BF and EBF (in women who initiated breastfeeding), hospital practices (rooming in, breastfeeding encouragement from staff, availability of staff who provided breastfeeding support, reception of gift pack, and among those who initiated breastfeeding, breastfeeding in the first hour and on demand, ) and sociodemographic data were collected via interview at 1 month postpartum. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for maternal age, race and ethnicity, income, breastfeeding history, and delivery type, was conducted. We further adjusted for breastfeeding intentions, assessed in a sub-sample during pregnancy. Results The weighted analytic sample included 394,022 women (n = 311,355 for EBF). Rooming in was positively associated with BF (P < 0.0001). Among those who initiated breastfeeding, doing so within the first hour was associated with EBF (P < 0.0001). Breastfeeding encouragement from staff and availability of breastfeeding support staff were strongly associated with BF (both P < 0.0001), but not with EBF (P = 0.74 and P = 0.08, respectively). Receiving a pro-formula gift pack was associated with a 40% and 50% reduction in the odds of BF and EBF, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Further adjustment for breastfeeding intentions in a sub-sample (n = 250,665 for BF, n = 202,412 for EBF) provided similar findings. Conclusions Hospital practices were associated with breastfeeding practices, regardless of breastfeeding intentions. Limiting pro-formula gifts and providing breastfeeding support at hospitals, either directly or by creating an environment that allows for breastfeeding opportunities, may improve breastfeeding rates in the WIC population. Funding Sources The WIC ITFPS-2 is a federal study conducted under the direction of Office of Policy Support in the USDA FNS.

Processing of infant emotion in mothers with mood disorders and implications for infant development

Background Atypical neurocognitive responses to emotional stimuli are core features of unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD). For mothers with these mood disorders, this may influence interactions with their infants and consequently infant development. The study aimed to investigate psychophysiological and cognitive responses to infant emotional stimuli, and their relation to mother–infant interaction and infant development, in mothers with BD or UD in full or partial remission. Methods Four months after birth, mothers' cognitive responses to emotional infant stimuli were assessed with computerized tasks, while their facial expressions, galvanic skin responses (GSR), gazes, and fixations were recorded. Infant development and mother–infant interactions were also assessed. Results We included 76 mothers: 27 with BD, 13 with UD, and 36 without known psychiatric disorders, and their infants. Mothers with BD and UD were in full or partial remission and showed blunted GSR and spent less time looking at infant stimuli (unadjusted p values < 0.03). Mothers with BD showed subtle positive neurocognitive biases (unadjusted p values<0.04) and mothers with UD showed negative biases (unadjusted p values < 0.02). Across all mothers, some measures of atypical infant emotion processing correlated with some measures of delays in infant development and suboptimal mother–infant interaction (unadjusted p values<0.04). Conclusions Mothers with mood disorders in full or partial remission showed atypical cognitive and psychophysiological response to emotional infant stimuli, which could be associated with mother–infant interactions and infant development. The study is explorative, hypothesis generating, and should be replicated in a larger sample. Investigation of the long-term implications of reduced maternal sensitivity is warranted.

Maternal Life-Histories of Multiple Birth Mothers Compared to Singleton Only Mothers in 19th and Early 20th Century Netherlands

Research on mothers of twins suggests they have a more robust phenotype compared to singleton only mothers. Historical demographic microdata can be of additional value in studying differences in reproductive behaviour and survival of their offspring between multiple birth mothers and singleton only mothers. However, the number of such studies in historical populations is limited. This study aims to explore the possibilities to study maternal life-histories of multiple birth mothers compared to singleton only mothers using microdata on 19th and early 20th century Netherlands from the HSN/LINKS database. In line with studies on other historical populations, our results confirm multiple birth mothers on average had their first birth at younger ages, their last birth at older ages, longer reproductive lifespans, shorter inter-birth intervals, and higher lifetime fertility than singleton only mothers.

The Motherhood Experiences of Non-Birth Mothers in Same-Sex Parent Families

In this qualitative study, we explored the experiences of non-birth mothers whose child(ren) were planned and conceived within their same-sex relationship. We conducted semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 14 participants in Ireland. We transcribed the interviews verbatim and analyzed the data using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Our findings comprised three superordinate themes: A Question of Recognition, An Insecure Connection, and Carving Your Own Way and related subordinate themes. Motherhood experiences were characterized by resilience and vulnerability in parenting their children without legal parental rights and within a heteronormative society that privileged biological motherhood. The dynamic relationship between seeking connection and seeking legitimacy that is at the heart of the participants’ experiences of motherhood is highlighted. Participants encountered challenges to their maternal legitimacy within their families and communities and in their interactions with legal and social institutions. Participants described using various strategies to reinforce their parental identity. Despite the challenges, participants were engaged in constructing satisfying parenting roles. The findings highlight the importance of legitimizing the parental identity of non-birth mothers. Therapists should be sensitive to the additional marginalization of non-birth mothers in same-sex parent families. Validating their vulnerability and their resilience in the face of obstacles may enhance their coping resources.