scholarly journals Vascular Stem Cells in Vascular Remodeling and Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Vascular Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: Blood vessels are a source of stem and progenitor cells, which likely contribute to a variety of vascular processes and diseases. Emerging concepts in this field could influence therapeutic approaches to diseases of blood vessels such as atherosclerosis.CONTENT: Vascular Stem Cells (VSCs) field is only beginning to emerge, and thus, many issues regarding VSCs’s identity and function remain poorly understood. In fact, even after decades of intensive research, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), which is suggested to be VSCs, is still having many outstanding issues of its own. And, on top of this, likewise decades-long intensive pericyte research has not been able resolve the identity issue. While favors Adventitial Progenitor Cells (APCs) over pericytes as the likely VSC candidate, it should be pointed out that currently the opposite view (i.e., pericytes as VSCs) is more prevalent, and many excellent reviews, including a recent one, have discussed this issue extensively.SUMMARY: It has been postulated that, within the vasculature, APCs could differentiate into pericytes (CD34- CD31- CD140b+ SMA-), endothelial cells (CD34+ CD31+ CD140b- SMA-), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (CD34- CD31- CD140b- SMA+); and during tissue expansion or repair, APCs could also differentiate into tissue-specific cell types (e.g., muscle and fat) Thus, in vitro, APCs fulfill all criteria for being VSCs. Meanwhile, in vivo evidence is still limited and will require further investigation.KEYWORDS: vascular stem cells, VSC, mesenchymal stem cells, MSC, endothelial progenitor cells, EPC, adventitial progenitor cells, APC

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Integration in Novel In Vitro Models

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Afflerbach ◽  
Mark D. Kiri ◽  
Tahir Detinis ◽  
Ben M. Maoz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

The human-relevance of an in vitro model is dependent on two main factors—(i) an appropriate human cell source and (ii) a modeling platform that recapitulates human in vivo conditions. Recent years have brought substantial advancements in both these aspects. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source, as these cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, yet do not raise the ethical and practical concerns associated with other types of stem cells. In turn, advanced bioengineered in vitro models such as microfluidics, Organs-on-a-Chip, scaffolds, bioprinting and organoids are bringing researchers ever closer to mimicking complex in vivo environments, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures. This review covers each of these advancements separately and discusses how the integration of MSCs into novel in vitro platforms may contribute enormously to clinical and fundamental research.

scholarly journals Human Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the Proliferation and Differentiation of Pancreatic Progenitor Cells and the Engraftment Function of Islet-Like Cell Clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4083
Author(s):  
Xing Yu Li ◽  
Shang Ying Wu ◽  
Po Sing Leung
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Progenitor ◽  
Pancreatic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

Pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) are the primary source for all pancreatic cells, including beta-cells, and thus the proliferation and differentiation of PPCs into islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) opens an avenue to providing transplantable islets for diabetic patients. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can enhance the development and function of different cell types of interest, but their role on PPCs remains unknown. We aimed to explore the mechanism-of-action whereby MSCs induce the in vitro and in vivo PPC/ICC development by means of our established co-culture system of human PPCs with human fetal bone marrow-derived MSCs. We examined the effect of MSC-conditioned medium on PPC proliferation and survival. Meanwhile, we studied the effect of MSC co-culture enhanced PPC/ICC function in vitro and in vivo co-/transplantation. Furthermore, we identified IGF1 as a critical factor responsible for the MSC effects on PPC differentiation and proliferation via IGF1-PI3K/Akt and IGF1-MEK/ERK1/2, respectively. In conclusion, our data indicate that MSCs stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of human PPCs via IGF1 signaling, and more importantly, promoted the in vivo engraftment function of ICCs. Taken together, our protocol may provide a mechanism-driven basis for the proliferation and differentiation of PPCs into clinically transplantable islets.

Combined effects of multi-scale topographical cues on stable cell sheet formation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2056-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisi Li ◽  
Shreyas Kuddannaya ◽  
Yon Jin Chuah ◽  
Jingnan Bao ◽  
Yilei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Topographical Cues

To decipher specific cell responses to diverse and complex in vivo signals, it is essential to emulate specific surface chemicals, extra cellular matrix (ECM) components and topographical signals through reliable and easily reproducible in vitro systems.

scholarly journals Behavior of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Obtained From Dental Tissues: A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Mariné Ortiz-Magdaleno DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Ana Isabel Romo-Tobías DDS ◽  
Fernando Romo-Ramírez DDS, MSc ◽  
Diana María Escobar DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Héctor Flores-Reyes DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Dental Tissues

The success of tissue engineering in combination with tissue regeneration depends on the behavior and cellular activity in the biological processes developed within a structure that functions as a support, better known as scaffolds, or directly at the site of the injury. The cell-cell and cell-biomaterial interaction are key factors for the induction of a specific cell behavior, together with the bioactive factors that allow the formation of the desired tissue. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) can be isolated from the umbilical cord and bone marrow; however, the behavior of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) has been shown to have a high potential for the formation of bone tissue, and these cells have even been able to induce the process of angiogenesis. Advances in periodontal regeneration, dentin-pulp complex, and craniofacial bone defects through the induction of MSC obtained from tooth structures in in vitro-in vivo studies have permitted the obtaining of clinical evidence of the achievements obtained to date.

scholarly journals Human Organoids for Predictive Toxicology Research and Drug Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikatsu Matsui ◽  
Tadahiro Shinozawa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Predictive Toxicology

Organoids are three-dimensional structures fabricated in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or adult tissue stem cells via a process of self-organization that results in the formation of organ-specific cell types. Human organoids are expected to mimic complex microenvironments and many of the in vivo physiological functions of relevant tissues, thus filling the translational gap between animals and humans and increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease and developmental processes. In the last decade, organoid research has attracted increasing attention in areas such as disease modeling, drug development, regenerative medicine, toxicology research, and personalized medicine. In particular, in the field of toxicology, where there are various traditional models, human organoids are expected to blaze a new path in future research by overcoming the current limitations, such as those related to differences in drug responses among species. Here, we discuss the potential usefulness, limitations, and future prospects of human liver, heart, kidney, gut, and brain organoids from the viewpoints of predictive toxicology research and drug development, providing cutting edge information on their fabrication methods and functional characteristics.

Three-dimensional Co-culture of hepatic progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhong ◽  
Juhua Gou ◽  
Nian Deng ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Tongchuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hepatic Progenitor Cells

scholarly journals Adipose-derived stem cells: a review of osteogenesis differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Skubis ◽  
Bartosz Sikora ◽  
Nikola Zmarzły ◽  
Emilia Wojdas ◽  
Urszula Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

This review article provides an overview on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for implications in bone tissue regeneration. Firstly this article focuses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are object of interest in regenerative medicine. Stem cells have unlimited potential for self-renewal and develop into various cell types. They are used for many therapies such as bone tissue regeneration. Adipose tissue is one of the main sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Regenerative medicine intends to differentiate ADSC along specific lineage pathways to effect repair of damaged or failing organs. For further clinical applications it is necessary to understand mechanisms involved in ADSCs proliferation and differentiation. Second part of manuscript based on osteogenesis differentiation of stem cells. Bones are highly regenerative organs but there are still many problems with therapy of large bone defects. Sometimes there is necessary to make a replacement or expansion new bone tissue. Stem cells might be a good solution for this especially ADSCs which manage differentiate into osteoblast in in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Endogenous Expression of Functional Factor VIII by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Culture

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2216-2216
Author(s):  
Chad Sanada ◽  
Evan J Colletti ◽  
Melisa Soland ◽  
Chung-Jung Kuo ◽  
Christopher D Porada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fviii Activity ◽  
Innate Ability

Abstract Abstract 2216 The liver is considered to be the primary site of factor VIII (FVIII) production in the body; however, evidence is mounting that suggests there are secondary sites in which considerable synthesis of FVIII takes place. Studies of FVIII mRNA expression in various human tissues have revealed that FVIII message can be found throughout the body. Additionally, acute liver failure correlates with an increase in circulating FVIII levels. Some reports have identified endothelial cells as a significant extra-hepatic source of FVIII, possibly explaining both the widespread presence of FVIII mRNA and the increase in FVIII levels upon liver failure. However, the possibility exists that other cell types present throughout the body also produce FVIII and contribute to circulating FVIII levels. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) represent a potential alternative; they are a diverse group of stromal cells which can be found in the perivascular regions of multiple tissues throughout the body. Previous studies demonstrated that MSCs are capable of efficiently producing and secreting high levels of FVIII in vitro when transduced with FVIII-encoding viral vectors, but to date, the innate ability of MSCs to produce FVIII has not been explored. As such, we investigated the potential for MSCs to produce endogenous FVIII message and secrete functional protein. MSCs isolated based on Stro-1 positivity from human lung, liver, brain, and bone marrow (BM) were grown in cell culture and assayed for production of FVIII message by both microarray analysis and RT-PCR. Microarray data showed that there were significant amounts of FVIII message in all four cell types tested and that the amount of message in BM MSCs was three-fold higher than each of the other three cell types. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the presence of FVIII message in all four MSC populations. Secretion of functional FVIII protein was subsequently measured using a chromogenic assay. MSC culture supernatants were collected for either 24 or 48 hours, and FVIII activity was determined using pooled normal human plasma as a control to create a standard curve. FVIII activity in the supernatants of MSCs was in the range of 0.6 to 2.0 mU/1×10^6 cells/ 24hr. Moreover, MSCs continued to express and produce FVIII during time in culture until our last evaluation at passage 20, indicating that there is an innate ability of these cells to continually produce FVIII. Taken together, these data demonstrate that human MSCs are capable of producing and secreting functional FVIII in vitro, and given their widespread location throughout the body, this finding raises the possibility that, in vivo, these cells might significantly contribute to the total FVIII pool. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that implicates MSCs as a potential endogenous source for circulating FVIII. Further studies of in vivo FVIII expression by MSCs are warranted and may provide a clearer understanding of extra-hepatic FVIII production in the body while aiding in the discovery of novel therapies for hemophilia A. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attract Endothelial Progenitor Cells via a Positive Feedback Loop between CXCR2 and CXCR4

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yingyun Tan ◽  
Linjing Shu ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Shi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Molecular Events

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can attract host endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to promote vascularization in tissue-engineered constructs (TECs). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains vague. This study is aimed at investigating the roles of CXCR2 and CXCR4 in the EPC migration towards MSCs. In vitro, Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the migration of EPCs towards MSCs. Antagonists and shRNAs targeting CXCR2, CXCR4, and JAK/STAT3 were applied for the signaling blockade. Western blot and RT-PCR were conducted to analyze the molecular events in EPCs. In vivo, TECs were constructed and subcutaneously implanted into GFP+ transgenic mice. Signaling inhibitors were injected in an orientated manner into TECs. Recruitment of host CD34+ cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Eventually, we demonstrated that CXCR2 and CXCR4 were both highly expressed in migrated EPCs and indispensable for MSC-induced EPC migration. CXCR2 and CXCR4 strongly correlated with each other in the way that the expression of CXCR2 and CXCR2-mediated migration depends on the activity of CXCR4 and vice versa. Further studies documented that both of CXCR2 and CXCR4 activated STAT3 signaling, which in turn regulated the expression of CXCR2 and CXCR4, as well as cell migration. In summary, we firstly introduced a reciprocal crosstalk between CXCR2 and CXCR4 in the context of EPC migration. This feedback loop plays critical roles in the migration of EPCs towards MSCs.

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