Formation of plants density and seed yield of soybean varieties in Altai Krai

Relevance. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill is one of the most important protein- oilseed crops in world arable farming. An acute shortage of both food and feed protein is felt in many world’s countries. In this regard, the expansion of soybean seed production is relevant and is dictated by the need for import substitution of both food and feed soybean products.Materials and methods. In the research we studied the influence of two ecologically different cultivation zones: Priobskaya and Prialtaiskaya on the formation of plants density and seed yield of soybean. Three varieties Altom, Gratsia and Pripyat were taken as the objects of the research.Results. On average, over the years of research in full seedlings stage from 60 germinating seeds per square meter (600 thousand pieces/ha), in our experiment, about 56 plants were obtained per 1 m2 or 560 thousand plants per 1 hectare. This means that, on average, 93% of sown seeds give seedlings in field conditions. For harvesting after exposure of soybean crops to numerous biotic and abiotic factors, on average, there are about 52 plants per 1 m² or 520 thousand plants per 1 hectare, that is, 88% of the sown germinating seeds are saved for harvesting and give a yield. The maximum influence on the variability of plant density is exerted by vegetation conditions (years) – 37%. On average, over the years of the study, the maximum yield under Topchikha conditions was obtained in 2019 – 1.9 t/ha – in a year that was distinguished by not hot weather with sufficient rainfall during the growing season. Varieties Gratsia and Pripyat in Smolenskoye conditions significantly exceeded the standard in terms of yield in 2018 and 2020. On average, over the years of research, the Gratsia variety showed itself as more stable with Cv=11.3% in Topchikha conditions and Cv=9.8% in Smolenskoye conditions.

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Using Canopy Measurements to Predict Soybean Seed Yield

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13163260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3260

Author(s):

Peder K. Schmitz ◽

Hans J. Kandel

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Plant Density ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Growing Season ◽

Practical Method ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Planting Dates ◽

The Individual

Predicting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield is of interest for crop producers to make important agronomic and economic decisions. Evaluating the soybean canopy across a range of common agronomic practices, using canopy measurements, provides a large inference for soybean producers. The individual and synergistic relationships between fractional green canopy cover (FGCC), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception, and a normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) measurements taken throughout the growing season to predict soybean seed yield in North Dakota, USA, were investigated in 12 environments. Canopy measurements were evaluated across early and late planting dates, 407,000 and 457,000 seeds ha−1 seeding rates, 0.5 and 0.8 relative maturities, and 30.5 and 61 cm row spacings. The single best yield predictor was an NDVI measurement at R5 (beginning of seed development) with a coefficient of determination of 0.65 followed by an FGCC measurement at R5 (R2 = 0.52). Stepwise and Lasso multiple regression methods were used to select the best prediction models using the canopy measurements explaining 69% and 67% of the variation in yield, respectively. Including plant density, which can be easily measured by a producer, with an individual canopy measurement did not improve the explanation in yield. Using FGCC to estimate yield across the growing season explained a range of 49% to 56% of yield variation, and a single FGCC measurement at R5 (R2 = 0.52) being the most efficient and practical method for a soybean producer to estimate yield.

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Soybean Seed Yield Response to Plant Density by Yield Environment in North America

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2018.10.0635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 1923-1932 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Walter D. Carciochi ◽

Rai Schwalbert ◽

Fernando H. Andrade ◽

Geomar M. Corassa ◽

Paul Carter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Yield Response

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EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON THE YIELD OF SORGHUM–COWPEA AND PEARL MILLET–COWPEA INTERCROPS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700003124 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 379-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Q. CRAUFURD

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Theoretical Maximum ◽

Agronomic Management ◽

Cereal Plant ◽

Plant Densities

Three alternate-row intercrop experiments of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and/or millet (Pennisetum glaucum)–cowpea were grown at plant densities of 20 000 to 80 000 plants ha−1 at two locations in northern Nigeria between 1990 and 1992 to examine relations between yield and plant density. These relations were examined using the reciprocals of yield per plant to determine effects of environment, species and genotype on the theoretical maximum yield and optimum plant density. The intercrops were dominated by cereals, and cowpea biomass (BY) and seed yield (SY) were <10% of cereal BY and SY. Cowpea yields decreased as cereal plant density (D) increased, whereas cereal and total intercrop yields increased asymptotically with increasing D. Biomass yield of all intercrops responded to increasing D in a similar manner and the theoretical maximum intercrop BY was 12 290 kg ha−1 in all experiments. The response of SY to D varied among intercrops and was greatest and least with early and late maturing cereals respectively. The optimum D required to produce 90% maximum intercrop BY and SY varied between 15 600 and 30 000 plants ha−1, and 0 (no response to D) and 120 000 plants ha−1 respectively, and was higher for sorghum than for millet intercrops. The implications of these responses for agronomic management and germplasm improvement of cereal–cowpea intercrops are discussed.

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Formation of seed yield of soybean varieties with different growing periods in the western Forest-steppe

Feeds and Feed Production ◽

10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202089-04 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 46-56

Author(s):

V.G. Moldovan ◽

Zh.A. Moldovan ◽

S.I. Sobchuk

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Natural Zone ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Sowing Period ◽

Germinating Seeds ◽

Late Sowing

Purpose. To establish the influence of sowing terms and seeding rates on the formation of seed yield of soybean varieties with different growing periods in the Western Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiment, calculation and weight, mathematical statistics. Results. It was found that the studied soybean varieties with different growing periods react differently to growing conditions. Among the studied factors, the seeding rate, more than the sowing period, influenced the formation of soybean seed yield. Inparticular, the studied soybean varieties Diadema Podillya, KiVin, Knyazhna and Khutoryanochka in all terms of sowing, the highest grain yield formed at the seeding rate of 900 thousand germinating seeds per 1 ha, while the Triada variety – at the seeding rate of 700 thousand germinating seed sper 1 ha. The increase in yield compared to the seeding rate of 700 thousand germinated seeds per 1 ha was in the Diadema Podillya variety – 8,9-19,2%, in the KiVin variety – 12,4-15,6%, in the Knyazhna variety – 16,0-22,9% and in the Khutoryanochka variety – 4,2-10,1%. Reducing the seeding rate to 500 thousand germinating seeds led to a decrease in productivity for all sowing periods, in the Diadema Podolia variety – by 15,3-23,7%, in the KiVin variety – by 19,6-26,0%, in the Knyazhna variety – by 13,6-18,3%, in the Khutoryanochka variety – by 9,9-11,0% and in the Triada variety – by 17,8-25,7%. Higher indicators of seed yield all the studied soybean varieties formed during the late sowing period. Conclusions. The studied factors had a significant influence on the formation of seed yield of all soybean varieties that were studied – the timing of sowing and seeding rates, as well as the weather conditions of the growing season. The studied soybean varieties reacted differently to a decrease or increase in the seeding rate, however, higher yield indicators were formed due to the late sowing period.

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Influence of Day and Night Temperature on Soybean Seed Yield

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x003600010018x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

L. R. Gibson ◽

R. E. Mullen

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Night Temperature

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High Phosphorus Acquisition and Allocation Strategy Is Associated with Soybean Seed Yield under Water- and P-Limited Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Yun-Yin Feng ◽

Jin He ◽

Yi Jin ◽

Feng-Min Li

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Supply ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Regimes ◽

P Acquisition ◽

Application Rates ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Water Treatments

Both water stress and P deficit limit soybean seed yield, but the effects of water regimes and P application rates, their interaction on P status, acquisition, and partitioning, and their roles in yield performance have not been well-studied. Two soybean genotypes (Huangsedadou (HD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) with contrasting seed yield and root dry weight (DW) were used to investigate the P status, P acquisition, P partitioning, and yield formation under two water regimes (well-watered (WW) and cyclic water stress (WS)) and three P rates (0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg−1 dry soil). The results show that increased P and water supply increased the seed yield, shoot and root DW and P concentrations and accumulations in different organs. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher seed yield than HD at P60 and P120 under WS and at P0 under WW, but a lower seed yield at P60 and P120 under WW. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher P harvest index and P acquisition efficiency, but a significantly lower shoot and root DW than HD. The interaction between water treatments and P rates had significant effects on leaf and stem P concentration. Cultivar ZH had significantly lower P partitioning to leaves and stems but significantly higher P partitioning to seeds than HD. The seed yield was positively correlated with leaf and seed P accumulations and P acquisition efficiency under WS. We conclude that (1) adequate water supply improved the P mobilization from leaves and stems at maturity, which may have improved the seed yield; and (2) the high P acquisition efficiency is coordination to high P partition to seeds to produce a high seed yield under water- and P-limited conditions.

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Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450005623x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

S. Kent Harrison

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

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Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2015-0093 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 151-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gan Yantai ◽

K. Neil Harker ◽

H. Randy Kutcher ◽

Robert H. Gulden ◽

Byron Irvine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Positive Association ◽

High Yield ◽

Western Canada ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Canola Seed ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

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