Features of the biochemical composition of winter fodder plants in the Indigirka river basin

The article describes the value of the feed of winter pastures in the extreme north of Yakutia. Winter pastures of the Momsky district are located in marsh places and are used as horse food. Equis?tum fluviatile grows on pastures. Equis?tum Fluviatile is winter-green plants. Equis?tum Froviatile is of the greatest value for the horses of the Momsky district. The research was carry out in the Chiskhan peasant farm of the Momsky district, in the Ulakhan-Chistay village and at the Mercury peasant farm in the Myandigi village of the Amginsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at the end of November. 2020. Samples of winter feed take from pastures near the floodplain of the Moma River, which consisted mainly of marsh horsetail. In the Amga district, a cereal plant - creeping wheatgrass is the standard fodder for Yakutian horses; We are study the biochemical features of Equis?tum Froviatile in the conditions of the Arctic, which complement and expand ideas about the signs of the accumulation of nutrients in winter feed, depending on the cultivation zone. Winter pastures consisted mainly of Equis?tum fluviatile. In the Momsky district, the indicators are higher in cheese protein - 3.05%, for raw fat by 1.65%, for raw materials of fiber by 13.44% than in the Amginsky district. In the Momsky district, the indicators are higher in macro microelements by 1.5-2 times. It is assumed that plants of the Far North accumulate a significant amount of minerals due to their adaptive properties to growing conditions and have a high ability to absorb mineral compounds from the soil.

Systematic analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation posttranslational modification in wheat leaves

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a recently discovered post-translational modification (PTM) showing diverse biological functions and effects in living organisms. However, the study of Khib in plant species is still relatively limited. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global important cereal plant. In this study, the systematic Khib analysis was performed in wheat leave tissues. A total of 3004 Khib sites in 1104 proteins were repeatedly identified. Structure characterization of these Khib peptides revealed 12 conserved sequence motifs. Function classification and enrichment analysis indicated these Khib proteins showed a wide function and pathway distribution, of which ribosome activity, protein biosynthesis and photosynthesis were the preferred biological processes. Subcellular location predication indicated chloroplast was the dominant subcellular compartment where Khib was distributed. There may be some crosstalks among Khib, lysine acetylation and lysine succinylation modification because some proteins and sites were modified by all these three acylations. The present study demonstrated the critical role of Khib in wheat biological and physiology, which has expanded the scope of Khib in plant species. Our study is an available resource and reference of Khib function demonstration and structure characterization in cereal plant, as well as in plant kingdom.

KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI PLASMA NUTFAH SORGUM DARI BEBERAPA DAERAH POTENSIAL SUMATERA BARAT

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a cereal plant that has the potential to be cultivated and developed as a source of carbohydrates. The research objective was to identify the morphology and varieties of sorghum plants from several potential areas of West Sumatra, such as Limapuluh Kota Regency, Payakumbuh City, and Sijunjung Regency be used as a source of germplasm. The research was carried out in Limapuluh Kota District, Payakumbuh City, and Sijunjung Regency for six months starting from June-November 2020. The research was carried out with stages beginning with a survey of the location of sorghum planting, identification of plant morphological characteristics, identification of varieties/cultivars/lines, and collection of germplasm sources. Observations were made on the morphological characteristics of plants in the vegetative and generative phases based on the sorghum plant description book. The results showed differences between morphological features in the field and existing descriptions in terms of plant properties, plant height, leaf color, leaf bone, panicle density, panicle shape, panicle length starting from the neck of the panicle, shape, and color of the neck of the panicle.

RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KINERJA MESIN PENYARING SISTEM GETAR UNTUK MEMISAHKAN BIJI DAN KULIT HANJELI HASIL PROSES PENGUPASAN

Hanjeli (Coixlacryma-jobiL.) is a cereal plant which has potential in producing carbohydrate. The high nutrient content of this plant has not been utilized optimally. In Indonesia, most of the hanjeli seed peeling processes are still using the manual way (pounding), so after the peeling process we have to do seeds and peel separating process. The purpose of this research is to devise a seed and peel filter machine occupied the results of the peeling process with vibrating screen which have been adjusted for the characteristic of hanjeli seeds. The method used in this research is engineering process, which is an activity to devise a hanjeli filter machine. The result of this research was the machine which has been designed with hopper, framework, filter unit, activator, seeds outlet, husk outlet and crank shaft as the main components. The main dimensions of the machine were 1340 mm long, 610 mm wide, 1000 mm high, the machine’s actual capacity was 29.024kg/h and the activator is 0.5 HP. The results of the hanjeli filter engine test are: the actual engine capacity is 29.024 kg / hour, the engine efficiency is 38.7%, the pulley rotation speed is 305 rpm, the electric motor power is 0.138 kW, and the noise level is 62.78 dB. Keywords: designing, hanjeli seed, hanjeli peel, performance test, vibrating screen

METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ARABINOXYLANS IN CEREALS (REVIEW)

Arabinoxylans (AXs) – non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) is one of the most discussed main components contained in all parts of cereal plants. AXs combine bioactive and technological functions. As dietary fibres, they have physiologically beneficial properties for human health. AXs are water-soluble and insoluble in water. The structure, structure, quantity and properties of AXs depend on which part of the grain or cereal plant is extracted and which method of isolation is used. There are many different methods of preliminary and deep impact aimed at extraction of AXs from plant raw materials. The use of a simple method or complex treatment for quantitative and qualitative determination of AXs depends on objectives and possibilities. The overview provides data on AXs content of different crops, depending on the extraction method. The main classical methods of AXs extraction, their advantages, disadvantages, and possible limitations of use are described. The variants of calculation of the quantitative AXs content used by different authors are separately considered.

The Effect of Cropping Method and Botanical Form on Seed Yielding and Chemical Composition of Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) Grown under Organic System

A field study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Grabów in Poland between 2017–2018. This study evaluated seed yield and chemical composition of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) under organic conditions, either growing as a sole crop, or with barley (Hordeum vulgare) or oats (Avena sativa L.) as supporting plants. Two chickpea types were included in experiment scheme: kabuli and desi. The experiment was established as a split-plot design with four replicates. The study showed that a higher total seed yields of both forms of chickpeas grown in both pure sowing and with spring cereals was obtained in 2018 than 2017. The higher yield in this study period was the result of a greater number of pods, seeds, and higher weight of the chickpea seed and cereal grains on a plant. Higher yields were noted in chickpeas grown with supporting crops than in sole cropping. Significantly better thousand seed weight of both botanical forms of chickpeas was observed in chickpeas grown in sole cropping than with supporting plants. Regardless of cropping method, the desi form was characterized by higher yields than the kabuli type, and its percentage in seed yields of chickpeas grown with cereals was higher than the kabuli type. The highest seed yields were obtained in chickpeas grown with oats. Neither chickpea type had a significant effect on the height of cereal plant, the number of grains on each plant, the number of producing shoots or thousandgrainweight of the two cereal species. Regardless of cropping method, the highest content of fiber and fat was determined in desi-type seeds, while the highest protein and phosphorus content was characterized kabuli-type seeds.

NEW ARCHAEOBOTANICAL STUDY OF POTTERY FROM THE SUB-NEOLITHIC SITE OF BAZKIV OSTRIV ON THE SOUTHERN BUH RIVER (using Replica-SEM method)

The study of impressions of plants in ancient pottery is one of the traditional methods of archaeobotanical research. Twenty years ago, Halina Pashkevych identified traces of a few cultivated species on the potsherds of the Buh-Dnister culture (BDC) from the Southern Buh River basin based on naked-eye observations (Pashkevich 2000; Kotova 2002). In particular, impressions of grains of Triticum monococcum and Triticum dicoccum were found on the surface of some vessels from the Bazkiv Ostriv site, excavated by Valentyn Danylenko in 1959 (fig. 1). The use of silicone rubber resin to obtain replicas — positive copies of impressions (fig. 2), as well as the use of a scanning electron microscope significantly improved the reliability of specific identifications of traces of plants in recent decades (Ushino, Tagawa 1991; Hisa, Katada 2005). This allows drawing conclusions based on not only grain size and shape but also its anatomically detailed fresh surface, which gets a more reliable result than even the study of charred remains from flotation. Re-identification of impressions on Neolithic vessels from Ukraine using the improved methodology was the goal of a joint Japan-Ukrainian archaeobotanical project, implemented in 2016—2019 (Endo et al. 2017; 2019). Among others, the materials of the Bazkiv Ostriv site were studied. All ceramic finds from the site (701 fragments from 90 vessels including 668 potsherds from 81 BDC vessels and nine fragments from two vessels of the Linear Pottery Culture) were examined. In total, 24 traces identified now or were identified earlier as possible impressions of seeds of plants have been found. The research of them using Replica-SEM method (fig. 3) allowed making only two reliable species definitions. These are impressions of elderberry cf. Sambucus seeds (Bzk-003, Bzk-004) on the surface of vessel 22 of the Skybyntsy type (fig. 4). Another trace was interpreted as a possible impression of the chaff of probable cereal plant doesn’t indefinite for species (Bzk-006). It was recorded on the surface of vessel 1 of the Samchyntsi type (fig. 5). The majority of the rest samples could not be identified even for plants. As a result, none of the observed potsherds from the site, including already published ones as having cereal impressions, contains traces of cultivated plants at present. This conclusion applies to other archaeobotanicaly examined pottery from the BDC monuments too. The absence of farming activity is indirectly evidenced by the complete lack of flint blades sections with characteristic gloss (so-called «sickle inserts») in the flint assemblages of the culture (Haskevych 2003). The absence of changes in the location of the sites in comparison with the previous Mesolithic ones in the region may indicate the preservation of a traditional hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life. So, the influence of neighbour farmer groups there can be traced only in sporadic exchange of prestigious goods, as well as in attempts to imitate the decoration and forms of pottery of the Kriş, Vinča, Szakбlhбt cultures. That is why it would be more correct to call the BDC not Neolithic but Para-Neolithic, or Sub-Neolithic.