scholarly journals Graphene oxide selectively targets cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types: Implications for non-toxic cancer treatment, via “differentiation-based nano-therapy”

Oncotarget ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 3553-3562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fiorillo ◽  
Andrea F. Verre ◽  
Maria Iliut ◽  
Maria Peiris-Pagés ◽  
Bela Ozsvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Tumor Types

scholarly journals Targeting Signaling Pathways in Cancer Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Koury ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Jijun Hao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Notch Pathways ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Heterogeneous Tumor

The Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways are inherent signaling pathways in normal embryogenesis, development, and hemostasis. However, dysfunctions of these pathways are evident in multiple tumor types and malignancies. Specifically, aberrant activation of these pathways is implicated in modulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cancer cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into heterogeneous tumor cells. The CSCs are accountable for tumor initiation, growth, and recurrence. In this review, we focus on roles of Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways in CSCs’ stemness and functions and summarize therapeutic studies targeting these pathways to eliminate CSCs and improve overall cancer treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Current Strategies for Identification of Glioma Stem Cells: Adequate or Unsatisfactory?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Brescia ◽  
Cristina Richichi ◽  
Giuliana Pelicci
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
Tumor Types

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were isolated in multiple tumor types, including human glioblastomas, and although the presence of surface markers selectively expressed on CSCs can be used to isolate them, no marker/pattern of markers are sufficiently robust to definitively identify stem cells in tumors. Several markers were evaluated for their prognostic value with promising early results, however none of them was proven to be clinically useful in large-scale studies, leading to outstanding efforts to identify new markers. Given the heterogeneity of human glioblastomas further investigations are necessary to identify both cancer stem cell-specific markers and the molecular mechanisms sustaining the tumorigenic potential of these cells to develop tailored treatments. Markers for glioblastoma stem cells such as CD133, CD15, integrin-α6, L1CAM might be informative to identify these cells but cannot be conclusively linked to a stem cell phenotype. Overlap of expression, functional state and morphology of different subpopulations lead to carefully consider the techniques employed so far to isolate these cells. Due to a dearth of methods and markers reliably identifying the candidate cancer stem cells, the isolation/enrichment of cancer stem cells to be therapeutically targeted remains a major challenge.

scholarly journals Antibiotics that target mitochondria effectively eradicate cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types: Treating cancer like an infectious disease

Oncotarget ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 4569-4584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lamb ◽  
Bela Ozsvari ◽  
Camilla L. Lisanti ◽  
Herbert B. Tanowitz ◽  
Anthony Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Tumor Types

Targeting Nodal and Cripto-1: Perspectives Inside Dual Potential Theranostic Cancer Biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1994-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Sandomenico ◽  
Menotti Ruvo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Relapse ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Embryonic Signaling

Background:Elucidating the mechanisms of recurrence of embryonic signaling pathways in tumorigenesis has led to the discovery of onco-fetal players which have physiological roles during normal development but result aberrantly re-activated in tumors. In this context, Nodal and Cripto-1 are recognized as onco-developmental factors, which are absent in normal tissues but are overexpressed in several solid tumors where they can serve as theranostic agents.Objective:To collect, review and discuss the most relevant papers related to the involvement of Nodal and Cripto-1 in the development, progression, recurrence and metastasis of several tumors where they are over-expressed, with a particular attention to their occurrence on the surface of the corresponding sub-populations of cancer stem cells (CSC).Results:We have gathered, rationalized and discussed the most interesting findings extracted from some 370 papers related to the involvement of Cripto-1 and Nodal in all tumor types where they have been detected. Data demonstrate the clear connection between Nodal and Cripto-1 presence and their multiple oncogenic activities across different tumors. We have also reviewed and highlighted the potential of targeting Nodal, Cripto-1 and the complexes that they form on the surface of tumor cells, especially of CSC, as an innovative approach to detect and suppress tumors with molecules that block one or more mechanisms that they regulate.Conclusion:Overall, Nodal and Cripto-1 represent two innovative and effective biomarkers for developing potential theranostic anti-tumor agents that target normal as well as CSC subpopulations and overcome both pharmacological resistance and tumor relapse.

scholarly journals Tumors Widely Express Hundreds of Embryonic Germline Genes

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3812
Author(s):  
Jan Willem Bruggeman ◽  
Naoko Irie ◽  
Paul Lodder ◽  
Ans M. M. van Pelt ◽  
Jan Koster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Cancer Genes ◽  
Germline Development ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Gc Gene

We have recently described a class of 756 genes that are widely expressed in cancers, but are normally restricted to adult germ cells, referred to as germ cell cancer genes (GC genes). We hypothesized that carcinogenesis involves the reactivation of biomolecular processes and regulatory mechanisms that, under normal circumstances, are restricted to germline development. This would imply that cancer cells share gene expression profiles with primordial germ cells (PGCs). We therefore compared the transcriptomes of human PGCs (hPGCs) and PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) with 17,382 samples from 54 healthy somatic tissues (GTEx) and 11,003 samples from 33 tumor types (TCGA), and identified 672 GC genes, expanding the known GC gene pool by 387 genes (51%). We found that GC genes are expressed in clusters that are often expressed in multiple tumor types. Moreover, the amount of GC gene expression correlates with poor survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. As GC genes specific to the embryonic germline are not expressed in any adult tissue, targeting these in cancer treatment may result in fewer side effects than targeting conventional cancer/testis (CT) or GC genes and may preserve fertility. We anticipate that our extended GC dataset enables improved understanding of tumor development and may provide multiple novel targets for cancer treatment development.

scholarly journals Cancer stem cells and therapeutic targets: an emerging field for cancer treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arokia Priyanka Vaz ◽  
Moorthy P. Ponnusamy ◽  
Surinder K. Batra
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Targets
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