scholarly journals Formulation of a complementary food fortified with broad beans (Vicia faba) in southern Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (58) ◽  
pp. 7789-7803
Author(s):  
A Kebebu ◽  
◽  
SJ Whiting ◽  
WJ Dahl ◽  
CJ Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Broad Beans

Adequate nutrient intake, especially of protein and micronutrients, enhances growth of children and decreases susceptibility to disease. Major contributing factors to malnutrition among infants and children are low purchasing power of the family resulting in poor quality foods. A cross-sectional and laboratory-based study was conducted at Titecha Kebele in Ethiopia to assess the consumption pattern of broad bean. The work also assessed use of broad bean for complementary feeding of young children, following FAO/WHO/UNU’s recommendation of adding up to a maximum of 40% legumes to cereal-based complementary food for young children. Study participants were mother-child pairs (n=169), and children were between 6-35 months of age. Most families were in poverty with stunting, wasting, and underweight present in 22.5, 4.7, and 8.3% of study children, respectively. Questionnaires gathered information on dietary intakes, and focus group discussions were used to obtain indepth information on the mother’s attitude and knowledge of child feeding, as well as overall consumption of broad beans. The mean dietary diversity score of children was approximately two out of a possible eight, and no child had consumed meat, fish, or vitamin A-containing fruits or vegetables the day before the study. Sixty percent of mothers did not provide bean-based food for their children, with the most frequently reported reason being lack of knowledge of its nutrient value for young children. To a typical complementary food of barley-maize porridge, 10, 20 and 30% of cereal was replaced by processed broad beans (Vicia faba), which increased in protein content, with no meaningful change in phytate content. Sensory evaluation showed that participant children and mothers preferred the taste of the 10% broad bean porridge; however, all added broad bean porridges had similar acceptability to the barley-maize control. Thus, inclusion of processed broad bean can effectively be done to improve nutrient content and nutrient availability of traditional cereal-based complementary foods in the Titecha kebele region of Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in Rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 533-533
Author(s):  
Tsigereda Kebede ◽  
Ingunn Marie S Engebretsen ◽  
Selamawit Bilal ◽  
Bernt Lindtjørn
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives To describe dietary diversity score (DDS) of young children and to assess the association of DDS with stunting and anaemia (defined as haemoglobin level <11 mg/dl) in rural Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional household study was done in rural Dale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia from August to October 2018 among 804 caregiver-child (aged 6–24 months) pairs. Dietary history, anthropometric measurements and haemoglobin levels using HemoCue HB 301 portable machines were captured. Child DDS was assessed in a structured 24-hour recall on specific common food items with relevance for the standard 7-food groups DDS (WHO). Stunting was defined as length-for-age Z-score less than 2 SD from the population mean according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Results from adjusted logistic regression models are presented for stunting and anaemia as the dependent variables (using SPSS software). Results Children received only foods from 1 and 2 food groups were 5.0% (40/804) and 14.9% (120/804), respectively. There was 43.9% (353/804) of children who had low DDS (received foods from less than four out of seven food groups) during 24 hours prior to the interviews. The prevalence of stunting was 47.8% (384/804) and 45.6% (367/804) for anaemia. The odds ratio for stunting was 2 and 3 times higher among children who did not receive legumes and flesh foods compared to those who received it: aOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2; 3.3 and 2.9, 95% CI 1.6; 5.5, respectively. Children who did not receive cereals and legumes had similarly increased risk of having haemoglobin level below 11 mg/dl compared to those who received it: aOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.0; 6.8 and 2.8, 95% CI 1.7; 4.7, respectively. Conclusions In Dale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, the prevalences of stunting and anaemia were high and children had low dietary diversity. Dietary diversity among young children must be considered in Ethiopian strategies promoting the health of children. Funding Sources NORAD (Norwegian Agency for development co-operation), through the NORHED (Norwegian program for capacity development in higher education and research for development) program.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity Feeding Practice and Its Associated Factors among Infants and Young Children Aged between 6 and 23 Months in Birbir Town, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tseganesh Habtamu ◽  
Sindu Debebe ◽  
Tegegn Solomon ◽  
Eshetu Zerihun Tariku ◽  
Selamawit Gebeyehu Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Infants And Young Children

A significant proportion of infant and young child mortality can be prevented by the provision of a diverse diet. Globally, an estimated 45% of deaths of children under the age of 5 are because of malnutrition. More than two-thirds of these deaths are associated with inappropriate child-feeding practices. This situation is the worst in Ethiopia. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the status of dietary diversity and identify relevant variables. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 335 randomly selected mothers/caregivers who had infants and young children aged between 6 and 23 months. Data were collected by interview with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with dietary diversity practices and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05 . Only 12.6% (95% CI; 9.2, 16.6) of children aged 6 to 23 months had adequate dietary diversity. Having a backyard garden and primary education were associated with adequate dietary diversity practices. In this study, the status of adequate dietary diversity feeding practice is low. Therefore, interventions targeting dietary diversity should encourage households to have backyard gardens, and strengthening counseling of mothers/caregivers attending antenatal care and postnatal care is proposed for achieving adequate dietary diversity practices.

scholarly journals Formulation of a Complementary Food Fortified with Broad-beans (Vicia faba) in Southern Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-730
Author(s):  
Afework Gebrie ◽  
Susan Whiting ◽  
Kebede Ali ◽  
Carol Henery ◽  
Wendy Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Broad Beans

scholarly journals Optimal Household Water Access Fosters the Attainment of Minimum Dietary Diversity among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Malawi

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Zizwani Brian Chilinda ◽  
Mark L. Wahlqvist ◽  
Meei-Shyuan Lee ◽  
Yi-Chen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Along with sanitation and hygiene, water is a well-known driver of child undernutrition. However, a more direct role of household (HH) water access in shaping dietary diversity remains unexplored. We assessed the association between HH water access and achievement of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among young children. We utilized nationally-representative cross-sectional data from the 2015/16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, which included 4727 mother–child dyads, respectively, (26.8 ± 6.8 years, range 15–49 years) and (13.9 ± 4.9 months, range 6–23 months). HH water access was categorized as (1) basic or no access, (2) intermediate, or (3) optimal. MDD was defined as feeding a child, during the previous day, at least four of the food groups defined by the World Health Organization. Only 27.7% of the children achieved MDD standards; most of the children who achieved MDD were from HHs with optimal water access (58.4%, p < 0.001). However, only 5.9% of the mother–child dyads were from HHs with optimal water access. After adjusting for covariates, children from HHs with optimal water access had higher odds of achieving MDD than those from HHs with basic or no water access (aOR = 1.74, CI = 1.24–2.46). Our results highlight the need to incorporate water-based strategies into national nutritional policies to increase dietary diversity among Malawian infants and young children.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Lactating Women: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hailu Bekele ◽  
Gebi Husein Jima ◽  
Ashenafi Habtamu Regesu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Delivery Place

Background. Undernutrition is one of the most widespread public health problems that affect both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, it is one of the factors leading to unacceptable high morbidity and mortality among women. However, little is documented on undernutrition among lactating women particularly in such a purely pastoral community. Therefore, this study was designed to assess prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among lactating women living in pastoral community of Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a random sampled 545 lactating women using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Height and weight measurements of the study participants were also taken to compute body mass index. Data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and percentage were computed to describe characteristics of the sample. Multivariable analysis was carried out, association between independent and dependent variables were measured using adjusted odds ratios, and its 95% confidence interval and P value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study showed that prevalence of undernutrition among lactating women was 17.7%. Dietary diversity (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.43–4.36), monthly income (AOR = 5.22, 95% CI: 1.40–19.40), extra meal taking (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.43–5.29, delivery place (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.24–5.65), and household food insecurity (AOR = 6.57, 95% CI: 3.50–12.34) were independent variables showing statistically significant association with undernutrition of lactating women. Conclusion and recommendations. The study revealed that magnitude of undernutrition among lactating women was high. Dietary diversity, monthly income, extra meal, delivery place, and household food insecurity were found to be predictor of undernutrition. Finally, we recommend that governmental and nongovernmental organizations should organize timely interventions targeting lactating women.

Inadequate management of complementary foods contributes to the risk of aflatoxin exposure and low nutrition status among children

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Makori ◽  
A. Matemu ◽  
M. Kimanya ◽  
N. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant And Young Children

Early exposure to aflatoxins through complementary food is linked to impaired growth in childhood. The current study assessed the household’s practices on management of complementary foods in relation to the risk of aflatoxin exposure and poor nutritional status among infant and young children in Tanzania. A cross-sectional study of complementary feeding practices, aflatoxin exposure and nutritional status was conducted to 101 infants and young children aged between 6-23 months in Dodoma region of Tanzania. The intake of complementary food was estimated by using repeated 24 h dietary recall. Flour used as complementary food was sampled from each of the 101 families and aflatoxins were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. A deterministic approach was used to estimate dietary exposure of aflatoxins in the complementary foods. Anthropometric measurements were taken and rates of stunting, underweight and wasting estimated according to the WHO standard procedures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between feeding practices and aflatoxin exposure or the growth performance among subjects. The average consumption of complementary flour was 118 g per child per day and 52% of the flours contained groundnuts. AFB1was detected in 42.5% of the flour and levels ranged from 0.3 to 2,128.0 μg/kg (mean 228.11±49.84 μg/kg). Dietary exposures of aflatoxin B1ranged from 0.1 to 23,172.81 ng/kg body weight per day (mean 1,337±392.5 ng/kg). Of the subjects, 40.4% (95% CI; 29.8; 50.9) were stunted and significant association was found between stunted growth and dietary exposure of AFB1(adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=5.9; 95% CI: 0.019-0.028). Early introduction of cereal-and groundnut-based complementary foods in Tanzania is associated with high risk of aflatoxin exposure and impaired growth in children. There is need to integrate aflatoxin management measures in the guidelines for Infant and Young Children Feeding of Tanzania.

scholarly journals Scaled-Up Nutrition Education on Pulse-Cereal Complementary Food Practice in Ethiopia: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getenesh Berhanu Teshome ◽  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
Timothy J. Green ◽  
Demelash Mulualem ◽  
Carol J. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Improving children's weight status through nutrition education (NE) for mothers about using pulses in complementary feeding has been demonstrated in pilot studies, but no effect on stunting was reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 9-month pulse-nutrition education program on mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards pulses, as well as its impact on children's dietary diversity, and nutritional status. The NE was delivered by Health Extension Workers (HEWs). Methods A cluster randomized study was employed for the community-based interventional study. Twelve randomly selected villages in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia were included in the study. A total of 772 mother-child pairs involved in the study; where 386 mother-child pairs in the intervention group received additional messages about pulse-cereal complementary food, and 386 pairs (the control) received only routine health education for 9 months. A survey on mothers’ KAP and anthropometric measurements of the children were taken at baseline, midline, and endline. Results At baseline and endline, maternal KAP and the dietary diversity score of the children (mean age at endline 18.8 ± 2.9 mo) were assessed. Results : Intervention mothers’ KAP improved ( p <0.001) at midline and endline compared to that of the control group, as did frequency of pulse consumption and DDS among children. At 9 months, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group ( p =0.001). Conclusions NE delivered by HEWs improved KAP of mothers regarding pulse consumption and dietary diversity of children led to improved nutritional status of the children. Training HEWs on the use of pulses for CF may be an effective way to improve the health of children in Ethiopian communities.

scholarly journals Concordance of Mother-Child (6–23 Months) Dietary Diversity and Its Associated Factors in Kucha District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Guja ◽  
Yabsira Melaku ◽  
Eshetu Andarge
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mothers And Children

Meeting minimum standards of dietary quality in mothers and children is a challenge in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal and child dietary diversity is associated, but little is known about the associated factors of concordance of mother-child dietary diversity in Ethiopia and none is documented in the study area. This study examines the concordance between mother-child (6–23 months) dyads dietary diversity and the associated factors in Kucha District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 791 mother-child (6–23 months) pairs from 11 selected kebeles on March 6 to April 13, 2017. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The sampling frame was obtained from the family folder of health posts in each kebele. The mother-child pairs were selected by the simple random sampling method. The 7 food groups of the World Health Organization (WHO) for children and the 10 food groups of FANTA/FAO 2016 for mothers were used to analyze the dietary diversity. Cohen’s kappa statistics was calculated to see the strength of concordance. The multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors affecting mother-child dietary diversity concordance. A good concordance was noted between mother-child dietary diversity scores (Kappa = 0.43). Only 56 (7.1%) mothers were negative deviants, and 133 (16.8%) mothers were positive deviants in dietary diversity consumption. Rural residence (AOR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.90–6.41), having no formal education (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.08–3.05), not owning milking cow (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.10–2.56), children with low dietary diversity (AOR = 8.23; 95% CI: 5.17–13.08), and mothers with low dietary diversity (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29–0.74) were found to be factors associated with mother-child dietary diversity concordance. An increase in the percentage of children reaching the minimum dietary diversity was greater with a successive increase in maternal dietary diversity. Despite interesting similarities between mothers and children dietary consumption, more than three-quarters of concordants did not achieve the recommended dietary diversity score (were low concordants). Interventions targeting on rural women’s access to high school education, home-based milking cow rearing, and promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture to meet the dietary requirements of mothers and children in a sustainable manner and public health efforts to improve child nutrition may be strengthened by promoting maternal dietary diversity due to its potential effect on the entire family.

scholarly journals Biofortified Maize Can Improve Quality Protein Intakes among Young Children in Southern Ethiopia

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilupa Gunaratna ◽  
Debebe Moges ◽  
Hugo De Groote
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Potential Impact

Quality protein maize (QPM) varieties are biofortified, or nutritionally improved, to have higher lysine and tryptophan levels to increase quality protein intakes particularly among young children. This study assesses adequacy of children’s protein intakes in Ethiopia, where QPM is being promoted, accounting for protein quality and seasonal dietary changes, and estimates potential increases in intakes if QPM replaced conventional maize in diets. Diets of randomly sampled children aged 12–36 months in rural southern Ethiopia (n = 218) were assessed after harvest during relative food security and 3–4 months later during relative food insecurity using 24-h weighed food records. Diets were analyzed for protein adequacy, accounting for protein quality using the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) method, and potential improvements from QPM substitution were estimated. Stunting was prevalent (38%) at the first assessment. Across seasons, 95–96% of children consumed maize, which provided 59–61% of energy and 51–55% of total protein in 24 h. Dietary intakes decreased in the food insecure season, though children were older. Among children no longer breastfeeding, QPM was estimated to reduce inadequacy of utilizable protein intakes from 17% to 13% in the food secure season and from 34% to 19% in the food insecure season. However, breastfed children had only 4–6% inadequate intakes of utilizable protein, limiting QPM’s potential impact. Due to small farm sizes, maize stores from home production lasted a median of three months. Young Ethiopian children are at risk of inadequate quality protein intakes, particularly after breastfeeding has ceased and during food insecurity. QPM could reduce this risk; however, reliance on access through home production may result in only short-term benefits given the limited quantities of maize produced and stored.

scholarly journals “I feel like eating rice 24 hours per day, 7 days a week”: A Study of Dietary Diversity Among Asylum Seekers in Norway (OR21-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Laura Terragni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Adequate Food

Abstract Objectives Poor nutrition and food insecurity is highly prevalent among asylum seekers residing in western countries. Lack of economic resources, unfamiliarity with new foods, and language barriers are some challenges that asylum seekers encounter upon resettlement. Despite the importance of an adequate diet for good health, limited knowledge, exist on food intake and dietary quality among asylum seekers. We described dietary intake and assessed dietary quality among asylum seekers at Norwegian reception centers. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional study in eight ordinary asylum reception centers in the South Eastern part of Norway were performed and 205 asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and dietary diversity score (DDS) calculated according to FAO and FANTA, 2014. In addition, field notes of the asylum seekers thoughts on dietary intake and living condition provided contextual aspects of their nutritional situation. Results Two-third of the asylum seekers had dietary intakes with low quality; they ate from less than five food groups (low DDS). The asylum seekers ate in average two meals per day and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Meals tend to consist of food that was familiar in their country of origin. Women had significantly higher DDS than men with a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. Asylum seekers residing in Norway for a longer time had a higher dietary diversity, than asylum seekers with a shorter stay. Most asylum seekers told about a reduced dietary intake, few meals and by the end of the month, hunger. They chose the cheapest food, food on sale or food that had expired and chose quantity over quality. The kitchen facilities at the reception centers were inadequate with limited storage place, low quality of the cooking equipment and crowded kitchen. Conclusions The asylum seekers had a monotonous diet with few meals, in contrast to the food abundance that most Norwegian are accustomed to, revealing, the emergence of new groups and new forms of poverty and social exclusion also in rich countries with otherwise good welfare state systems. The situation appear particularly critical given Norway's commitment through the United Nations (UN) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure human rights such as the right to adequate food and health. Funding Sources The study was funded by Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.

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