scholarly journals Mycoflora of grain maize (Zea mays L.) stored in traditional storage containers (gombisa and sacks) in selected woredas of Jimma zone, Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (62) ◽  
pp. 8676-8694
Author(s):  
B Dubale ◽  
◽  
A Solomon ◽  
B Geremew ◽  
G Sethumadhava Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
Storage Structures

Mycoflora of maize (Zea mays L.) grain (Variety: Bako Hybrid-660) stored in two traditional storage containers (Gombisa and Sacks) for 180 days was studied for mycoflora in two agro-ecologies, that is Intermediate and Lowland, with altitude ranges of 1500-2500 meters above sea level, and 1000-1500 meters above sea level, respectively, in Jimma zone, Ethiopia. The temperature and relative humidity were observed for identifying fungi species which can flourish and cause maximum deterioration to maize grains. Significant (P<0.05) decreases in germination rate of the grains were observed with time under each storage method for both the low and intermediate altitude ranges. Germination percentage reduced from 98% and 97.5% to 68.5% and 80.5% for grains stored in Gombisa and Sacks, respectively. Storage type significantly (p<0.05) affected seed germination under intermediate agro-ecology whereas no significant (p>0.05) effect was observed under lowland agro-ecology due to storage container type. One sterile white mycelium and a total number of eight species of fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tereus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Drechslera halodes, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium chrysogenum were identified from maize grain at the beginning and during storage. The most common fungi recorded from both agroecologies in the two storage structures were A. flavus, A. niger, D. halodes and F.oxysporum. These fungi were recorded from 90, 51, 72 and 44 percentage of the seed samples, respectively. In the districts of both intermediate and lowland agro-ecology these fungi were consistently recorded throughout 180 days, during storage. A. fumigatus was detected in3.6% of samples while C. cladosporioides observed in 15% of the samples. Fungal species A. tereus and Penicillium were recorded in 0.5% of samples in selected districts of Jimma. These fungal species were known to cause deterioration of maize and are a health risk to humans and animals due to the toxins they potentially produce.

Influence of Agro-ecologies, Traditional Storage Containers and Major Insect Pests on Stored Maize (Zea mays L.) in Selected Woredas of Jimma Zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dubale ◽  
S. Waktole ◽  
A. Solomon ◽  
B. Geremew ◽  
M.R. Sethu
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Storage Containers

scholarly journals Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽  
Tanya Karceva
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Salinity Levels

An experiment was carried out hydroponically under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of salt stress on several physiological and biochemical parameters of three sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes: lines 6-13, C-6 (pollen source) and their heterotic F1 hybrid ?Zaharina?. The degree of salinity tolerance among these genotypes was evaluated at three different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Seed germination, plant growth and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were compared between seedlings of lines and hybrid. The obtained results indicated that both lines and hybrid have similar responses at different salinity levels for all examined traits. All the seedlings? growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, decreased with increasing salinity level. MDA, proline and H2O2 increased at different saline conditions in comparison to the control. Based on the results, of the three genotypes examined, the hybrid Zaharina, followed by line C-6, was more salt-sensitive than line 6-13 in salt stress condition.

scholarly journals Zeamatin-Like Protein (ZLP) Gene is Associated with Resistance against A. niger in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
A.M. Sajjad ◽  
T. Bahsir ◽  
S. Saeed ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
S. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) constitutes one of the most important crops worldwide with multi-billion dollar annual revenue. The plant is however a good substrate for growth, development and activity of filamentous fungi. A large number of fungal species causes spoilage and accumulation of mycotoxins. Plants restrict the hyphal growth by producing pathogenesis related proteins. So far 17 groups of such proteins are identified. PR-5 group comprises of the thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), which have diverse modes of actions and act at various stages of fungal attack. Zeamatin-like protein (ZLP) is a member of TLPs, which is basically localized in seeds with enhanced expression during physiological growth and cellular differentiation. However a basal quantity is found in the leaves of many crop plants. Here we report the response of maize plant tissues against A. niger inoculation by measuring the variation in expression profile of a zeamatin-like gene. Conventional PCR coupled with RT-qPCR identifies a significant change in the expression magnitude of ZLP in pre- and post-inoculated plant samples. SDS-PAGE, followed by antimicrobial activities against A. niger, E.coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, S. aureus and S. typhimurium, however, do not register a direct relationship with enhancement in gene expression. It is in line with the fact that response to pathogenesis in plants is a multigenic activity involving a series of responsible/induced genes. The assay developed is useful in primary sorting out of the maize hybrids with respect to their resistance against Aspergillus spp., especially in areas with high rate of incidence of fungal pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Androstachys johnsonii Prain on germination and growth of Zea mays L. and Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 945-958
Author(s):  
Mokgaetji Georginah Mokganya ◽  
Hadzhi Maanda Ligavha-Mbelengwa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Androstachys Johnsonii Prain ◽  
Traditional Crops

Allelopathic effects of the donor plants are mostly regarded as harmful to target plants such as traditional crops. Traditional crops play pivotal role as staple food for rural communities and hence ensuring food security. Study of the allelopathic effects of Androstachys johnsonii Prain on the germination and growth of Zea mays L. and Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc was conducted. Different plant leachates concentrations of 0.675%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% were prepared through serial dilutions. Germination bioassays were arranged in a complete randomized setup of three replicates for each treatment for seven days. Germination rates were calculated, radicle and hypocotyl lengths were also measured. Germination rates of Z. mays L. and V. subterranea (L.) Verdc. ranged from 50 - 100% and 18 - 76%, respectively. Significant differences of P< 0.005 were noticed from the germination rates of V. subterranea (L.) Verdc subjected to high concentrations of different extracts used. Statistically there was no significant differences between germination rates of Z. mays L. treated with all concentrations of leaf leachates against germination rates of the seeds treated with distilled water. Outstandingly, the germination rate and early growth of Z. mays L. were promoted by less concentrated extracts of leaf, root, stem bark and soil which then suggest future use of allelochemicals from Androstachys johnsonii Prain for promotion of maize plant productions. Based on the beneficial attributes of allelochemicals from Androstachys johnsonii on the germination and growth of Z. mays L., planting of Androstachys johnsonii Prain in maize fields is highly recommended.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK UREA DAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea Mays. L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Wiyono ◽  
Setya Fikrie Afifuddin ◽  
Setie Harieni ◽  
Daryanti
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Plants

The efficiency of inorganic fertilizers can also be done by using mycorrhizal biofertilizers. Efforts to increase corn growth need to be done by using inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of urea and mycorrhizae doses on the growth of maize (Zea mays. L). The research was conducted in Gejugan Village, Andong District, Boyolali Regency, an altitude of 154 m above sea level with grumusol soil type. This study used a completely randomized block design (RAKL) with two treatment factors, namely the first factor urea fertilizer dosage consisting of 4 levels, namely N0 = 0 kg / ha, N1 = 100 kg / ha, N2 = 200 kg / ha, N3 = 300 kg. / ha, and mycorrhizae consists of 3 levels, namely M0 = 0 g / plant, M1 = 5 g / plant, M2 = 10 g / plant. with 3 repetitions. The results of this study indicated that the dose of urea fertilizer affected the growth of maize, while the mycorrhizal dose did not affect the growth of maize except for the length of the plant roots. The effect of urea dose interaction with mycorrhizae only affected the root length growth of maize. The best growth of maize plants after being given a dose of urea as much as 100 kg/da and mycorrhizal biofertilizer 10 g / plant with the longest roots (40.44 cm)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document