Experimental investigations on substitution of natural sand in concrete with copper slag and blast furnace slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P N Ojha ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Brijesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Furnace Slag

scholarly journals A Research on Strength of Concrete by Replacing Natural Sand with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2851-2854
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Furnace Slag

There are numerous negative social and environmental effects of overuse of river sand for construction. To reduce this, various substitutes have been used such as quarry dust, demolished concrete waste, industrial waste such as copper slag, eco sand etc. GBFS (Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) is a slag obtained from the manufacture of iron in steel industries. This research aims to investigate the possibility of replacing Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) as sand substitutes in concrete. In this research, natural sand was replaced by GBFS in various percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with a constant water cement ratio of 0.45. Tests such as sieve analysis, specific gravity, fineness modulus and bulk density were done for fine aggregates and GBFS sample. Different mixed proportions for different percentage replacement of fine aggregates was obtained for M30 grade concrete as per IS 10262: 2009. The durability test was done for cubes of control mix and GBFS mix (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). It was found the strength of concrete was improved due to the addition of GBFS as fine aggregates. Test results showed that the compressive strength of concrete increased with increase in percentage of GBFS up to 75%. Beyond 75%, there was a marginal decrease in strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Blended Geopolymer Concrete Using Ultrafine Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Copper Slag

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Vijayasarathy Rathanasalam ◽  
Jayabalan Perumalsami ◽  
Karthikeyan Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

This paper presents the properties of blended geopolymer concrete manufactured using fly ash and ultrafine Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (UFGGBFS), along with the copper slag (CPS) as replacement of fine aggregate (crushed stone sand). Various parameters considered in this study include different sodium hydroxide concentrations (10M, 12M and 14M); 0.35 as alkaline liquid to binder ratio; 2.5 as sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio and cured in ambient curing condition. Further, geopolymer concrete was manufactured using fly ash as the prime source material which is replaced with UFGGBFS (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%). Copper slag has been used as replacement of fine aggregate in this study. Properties of the fresh manufactured geopolymer concrete were studied by slump test. Compressive strength of the manufactured geopolymer concrete was tested and recorded after curing for 3, 7 and 28 days. Microstructure Characterization of Geopolymer concrete specimens was done by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. Experimental results revealed that the addition of UFGGBFS resulted in an increased strength performance of geopolymer concrete. Also, this study demonstrated that the strength of geopolymer concrete increased with an increase in sodium hydroxide concentration. SEM results revealed that the addition of UFGGBFS resulted in a dense structure.

scholarly journals A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urtnasan Erdenebold ◽  
Jei-Pil Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Reduction Smelting ◽  
Smelting Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag is generated annually in Korea. Oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe­2O3), silica (SiO­2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). Main oxides in copper slag, which iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since the copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc. Common applications of copper smelting slag are the value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc., as well as the some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recovery Fe-Cu alloy, raw material of zinc and produce reformed slag like a blast furnace slag for blast furnace slag cement from copper slag. As a results, it was confirmed that reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400°С is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and CaO additives in the reduction smelting assist to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. Copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as the fumes, by carbon during reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5wt.%, acid slag has been completely transformed to calcium silicate slag and observed like blast furnace slag.

Early-Age Heat Evolution and Pore Structure of Portland Cement Blended with Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash or Limestone Powder

2009 ◽  
Vol 405-406 ◽  
pp. 242-246
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Guang Ye ◽  
Klaas van Breugel
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Furnace Slag

Recently, blast furnace slag, fly ash and limestone powder are increasingly used as blending materials in producing concrete. The use of these materials not only has economical and environmental advantages, but also improves the mechanical properties, durability and workability of concrete. In this paper, the results of experimental investigations on the evolution of hydration heat and the development of microstructure of Portland cement blended with blast furnace slag, fly ash or limestone powder are presented. These results show that three blending materials accelerate the hydration of Portland cement, but result in less heat release during the first 72 hours. The Portland cement with blast furnace slag has a denser pore structure than the others.

scholarly journals A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Jei-Pil Wang ◽  
Urtnasan Erdenebold
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Reduction Smelting ◽  
Smelting Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc, common applications of copper smelting slag can be used in value-added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc. Some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recover ferrous alloy contained Cu, a raw material of zinc, from copper slag, and produce reformed slag such as blast furnace slag for Portland cement. As a result, it was confirmed that with reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400 °C, it is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and the addition of CaO in reduction smelting helped to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. The copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as fumes, by carbon during the reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5%, acid slag is completely transformed into calcium silicate slag and is observed to be like blast furnace slag.

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