scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOCRACY: an analysis for latin american countries (1990-2010)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Jevuks Matheus de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Political System ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Econometric Technique

Nas ultimas duas décadas importantes mudanças políticas e econômicas ocorreram na América Latina. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação existente entre a evolução da democracia e desenvolvimento econômico para as principais economias dessa região. O marco teórico se origina em Lipset (1959) o qual afirma que dentre os fatores da sociedade que se ligam ao sistema político nenhum é tão amplamente aceito quando a relação existente entre democracia e nível de desenvolvimento econômico. A metodologia usada foi à técnica econometria de dados em painel com efeito fixo.Os resultados demonstram que a evolução do PIB per capita teve um papel determinante no processo de evolução dasdemocracias dos países estudados. Destarte os resultados do trabalho permitem concluir que o desenvolvimento econômico amplia a possibilidade de consolidação da democracia na América Latina.Palavras-chave: Democracia; desenvolvimento econômico; economias Latino AmericanasAbstract: In the last two decades, important political changes occurred in Latin America. Thus the objective of this study is toanalyze the relationship between the evolution of democracy and economic development for the major economies of thisregion. The theoretical framework is based on Lipset (1959) which states that, among the factors in society related to political system, none is so accepted as the relation between democracy and level of economic development. The methodology used was the econometric technique of panel data with fixed effects. The results show that the evolution of GDP per capita had a role in the process of evolution of democracies in the studied countries. Thus the results of the study allow concluding that economic development increases the possibility of consolidating democracy in Latin America.Keywords: Democracy, economic development, Latin American economies.

scholarly journals ¿ES PROCÍCLICA LA CONVERGENCIA DEL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO DE AMÉRICA LATINA?

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (307) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
María Isabel Osorio Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Growth Convergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Γ Convergence ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Este trabajo examina la hipótesis de convergencia condicional del producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita estableciendo una vinculación positiva con la tasa de crecimiento de un panel de 18 países de América Latina durante 1990-2015. Se emplea un análisis de β-convergencia, σ-convergencia y γ-convergencia. Además, para identificar la heterogeneidad espacial se analizan las relaciones entre unidades territoriales vecinas y el nivel de producto empleando el estadístico I de Moran. En general, todos los indicadores muestran la existencia de una senda de convergencia regional, con elevada β-convergencia condicional, una reducción en la dispersión de los ingresos per cápita y una menor movilidad en el <em>ranking</em> de la posición de los países.</p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong>IS LATIN AMERICA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH CONVERGENCE PROCYCLICAL?</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p>This paper looks at the hypothesis of conditional convergence of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for a set of eighteen Latin American countries establishing a positive link with the growth rate of those economies. To that purpose, β-convergence, σ-convergence and γ-convergence analyses are conducted. Furthermore, with the aim of identifying spatial heterogeneity the relationship among neighbor territorial units and product levels are studied applying the I Moran statistics. By and large, a regional convergence path with high conditional β-convergence, a lower dispersion of per capita incomes and a lesser mobility of countries along the ranking are shown to exist.

scholarly journals La incidencia del liderazgo y el clima escolar en la satisfacción laboral de los docentes en América Latina

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Martínez-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Classroom Climate ◽  
Teacher Satisfaction ◽  
Educational Effectiveness ◽  
Management Support ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

The research on Educational Effectiveness has identified teachers' work satisfaction as a key element for the development of effective teaching. However, rather the number of studies analyzing the effect of teachers' job satisfaction on student performance, there is less research available to understand how teacher satisfaction is developed and what it depends on. The objective of this research is to know the relationship between teacher's job satisfaction, school management and climate. To achieve our aim, we conduct a multilevel analysis of the information provided by the teachers of 5,733 schools in 15 Latin American countries participating in UNESCO's Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE). Our results show that the work environment, the classroom climate and management support to teachers are the variables that have most impact on the level of job satisfaction of teachers in Latin America.

scholarly journals Desempenho Empresarial Superior e Cultura Corporativa na América Latina

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050-1067
Author(s):  
Alan Diógenes Góis ◽  
Márcia Martins Mendes De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Innovative Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Big Four ◽  
Latin American Countries

Purpose – Within the framework of Resource-Based View (RBV) we evaluated the relationship between corporate culture and superior business performance in a sample of 62 Latin American firms traded on the NYSE.Design/methodology/approach – Data retrieved from 20-F forms and the CRSP database, covering the period 2011-2016, was submitted to multiple linear regression with robust errors and random effects. Findings – Our results revealed that i) the 7 Latin American countries represented in the sample displayed a very similar mix of corporate culture, with a slight predominance of the competitive type, ii) less indebted and larger firms attained higher levels of superior business performance, and iii) auditing by one of the Big Four was associated with better performance in firms with competitive and creative culture. In the multiple regression analysis, creative culture was the best explanatory factor of superior corporate performance. Thus, we conclude that a culture with an emphasis on innovation generates competitive advantage.Originality/value – The organizations should make efforts to understand and manage the dynamics of corporate culture, harnessing their own dominant culture in the quest for superior corporate performance. As posited by RBV, our results show that investment in creative and innovative culture is particularly favorable to the creation of competitive advantage and, consequently, business performance.

scholarly journals GASTO PÚBLICO Y CRECIMIENTO EN AMÉRICA LATINA: LA LEY DE WAGNER Y LA HIPÓTESIS DE KEYNES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (316) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ramírez Cedillo ◽  
Francisco López Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p>Se analiza la relación del crecimiento económico con el gasto público de 16 países latinoamericanos de 1990 a 2017. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura sobre el tema enfocándose en la región. Los resultados de un modelo para paneles cointegrados respaldan la ley de Wagner en el largo plazo y brindan evidencia parcial a favor de las hipótesis de Keynes en el corto plazo.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">PUBLIC SPENDING AND GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA:</p><p align="center">WAGNER´S LAW AND KEYNES’S HYPOTHESIS<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The relationship between economic growth and public spending in 16 Latin American countries from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed. This paper contributes to the literature on the subject focusing on the region. The results from a model of cointegrated panels support Wagner’s Law in the long term and provides partial evidence in favor of the Keynesian hypotheses in the short term.</p>

scholarly journals APORTES Y RELEVANCIA DE COMISIONES NACIONALES EN MACROECONOMÍA Y SALUD PARA PAÍSES DE AMÉRICA LATINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (53) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Armando Arredondo López
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The World ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

RESUMEN El presente artículo incluye los principales planteamientos sobre las experiencias y balances de las Comisiones Nacionales en Macroeconomía y Salud (CMES), centrando su análisis en la pertinencia y relevancia para los países de América Latina. A manera de introducción, la primera parte plantea algunas premisas de las relaciones entre reforma en salud, inversión y desarrollo, como parte del eje central que abordan las CMES en los países. Posteriormente, se dan los principales antecedentes, lineamientos, conformación e implementación de tales comisiones en el mundo y en países de América Latina. La segunda parte del documento incluye el análisis de aportes y avances de metas y estrategias como objeto de análisis de tales comisiones: indicadores de mortalidad, indicadores de financiamiento/inversión e indicadores de generación de conocimiento. Finalmente, a manera de conclusión se plantean de manera explícita las principales reflexiones a partir del desarrollo de las CMES y de las tendencias de los indicadores revisados, así como una lista de sugerencias a manera de lecciones aprendidas que podrían ser retomadas para el redimensionamiento de las comisiones ya implementadas; o bien, para la implementación de nuevas comisiones en países donde aún se encuentran de manera incipiente. ABSTRACT This article covers the main approaches based on the experience and reports of the National Commissions on Macroeconomics and Health (CMES), focusing their analysis on the relevance and significance for the Latin American countries. As an introduction, the first part of this paper poses some premises of the relationship between health reform, investment, and development as part of the central axis that the CMES approach in the countries. After that, the main background, guidelines, creation, and implementation of such commissions in the world and in Latin America are given. The second part of this document includes an analysis of contributions and goals and strategies advancement as an object of analysis of such committees: mortality, finance/investment, and knowledge generation indicators. Finally, as a conclusion, there is a detailed explanation of the main reflections from the development of the CMES and trends of the revised indicators, as well as a list of suggestions that can be considered as learned lessons that could be retaken up for the remodeling of the already implemented commissions or to the implementation of new committees in countries that have them still in a fledgling way.

THE PHYSICAL STATURE OF MEN IN 19TH-CENTURY CHILE: ANOTHER CASE OF STAGNATION DURING AN EXPORT BOOM

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Llorca-Jaña ◽  
Juan Navarrete-Montalvo ◽  
Roberto Araya-Valenzuela ◽  
Federico Droller
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Physical Stature ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractThis article provides the first series of adult male height for 19th-century Chile. Our aim was not only to assess the trends indicated by height during this period, but also the relationship between stature and both GDP per capita and exports. Having analysed our data, our primary conclusion is that there was a reduction in height for cohorts born in the 1850s and 1860s with respect to cohorts born between 1820 and 1840. Height stagnated thereafter, with small to no improvement towards the end of the 19th century, in line with other Latin American countries for which there is comparable evidence. The increase in per capita GDP and exports during the second half of the century did not result in better biological welfare, as was the case in other Latin American countries during similar export booms.

scholarly journals The Relevance of the Informational Content of Book-Tax Differences for Predicting Future Income: Evidence from Latin American Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (70) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vieira Cunha Marques ◽  
Patrícia de Souza Costa ◽  
Pablo Rogers Silva
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Future Earnings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Future Income ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

This study aims to investigate whether the different types of book-tax differences are useful for predicting the future income of publicly traded companies in five Latin American countries. This is possible since these differences convey information about transitory components of income, which can be used by investors for predicting future income. However, little is known about the relationship between tax variables and companies' future results. The sample analyzed here is composed of 580 publicly traded companies from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru) with information available in the Economatica(r) database covering 2002 to 2013. In terms of methodology, regressions are employed in order to find a connection between the different types (total, permanent, temporary, and the negative and positive variations) of book-tax differences and companies' current and future earnings per share, as well as some control variables suggested by previous literature. The model's coefficients were estimated through panel data techniques: fixed effects. The results obtained suggest that the information gathered in the different types of book-tax differences (total, permanent, temporary, positive and negative variations) is relevant in predicting future income. Total, permanent and temporary differences contribute to the uncertainty in future income prediction, given that results are more transitory and less persistent in years with higher book-tax differences. Positive and negative variations, on the other hand, attribute higher income in coming years to greater variations in book-tax differences, representing increased timeliness of results and a reduction in off balance sheet funding for the publicly traded companies from these countries.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mortality Rate and Its Incidence in Latin America: Dependence on Demographic and Economic Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6900
Author(s):  
Javier Cifuentes-Faura
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Quality Infrastructure

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left millions infected and dead around the world, with Latin America being one of the most affected areas. In this work, we have sought to determine, by means of a multiple regression analysis and a study of correlations, the influence of population density, life expectancy, and proportion of the population in vulnerable employment, together with GDP per capita, on the mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Latin American countries. The results indicated that countries with higher population density had lower numbers of deaths. Population in vulnerable employment and GDP showed a positive influence, while life expectancy did not appear to significantly affect the number of COVID-19 deaths. In addition, the influence of these variables on the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was analyzed. It can be concluded that the lack of resources can be a major burden for the vulnerable population in combating COVID-19 and that population density can ensure better designed institutions and quality infrastructure to achieve social distancing and, together with effective measures, lower death rates.

scholarly journals The Influence of Government Effectiveness and Corruption on the High Levels of Homicide in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Spencer P. Chainey ◽  
Gonzalo Croci ◽  
Laura Juliana Rodriguez Forero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Variation ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin America Region

Most research that has examined the international variation in homicide levels has focused on structural variables, with the suggestion that socio-economic development operates as a cure for violence. In Latin America, development has occurred, but high homicide levels remain, suggesting the involvement of other influencing factors. We posit that government effectiveness and corruption control may contribute to explaining the variation in homicide levels, and in particular in the Latin America region. Our results show that social and economic structural variables are useful but are not conclusive in explaining the variation in homicide levels and that the relationship between homicide, government effectiveness, and corruption control was significant and highly pronounced for countries in the Latin American region. The findings highlight the importance of supporting institutions in improving their effectiveness in Latin America so that reductions in homicide (and improvements in citizen security in general) can be achieved.

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