THE PHYSICAL STATURE OF MEN IN 19TH-CENTURY CHILE: ANOTHER CASE OF STAGNATION DURING AN EXPORT BOOM

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Llorca-Jaña ◽  
Juan Navarrete-Montalvo ◽  
Roberto Araya-Valenzuela ◽  
Federico Droller
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Physical Stature ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractThis article provides the first series of adult male height for 19th-century Chile. Our aim was not only to assess the trends indicated by height during this period, but also the relationship between stature and both GDP per capita and exports. Having analysed our data, our primary conclusion is that there was a reduction in height for cohorts born in the 1850s and 1860s with respect to cohorts born between 1820 and 1840. Height stagnated thereafter, with small to no improvement towards the end of the 19th century, in line with other Latin American countries for which there is comparable evidence. The increase in per capita GDP and exports during the second half of the century did not result in better biological welfare, as was the case in other Latin American countries during similar export booms.

scholarly journals ¿ES PROCÍCLICA LA CONVERGENCIA DEL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO DE AMÉRICA LATINA?

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (307) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
María Isabel Osorio Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Growth Convergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Γ Convergence ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Este trabajo examina la hipótesis de convergencia condicional del producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita estableciendo una vinculación positiva con la tasa de crecimiento de un panel de 18 países de América Latina durante 1990-2015. Se emplea un análisis de β-convergencia, σ-convergencia y γ-convergencia. Además, para identificar la heterogeneidad espacial se analizan las relaciones entre unidades territoriales vecinas y el nivel de producto empleando el estadístico I de Moran. En general, todos los indicadores muestran la existencia de una senda de convergencia regional, con elevada β-convergencia condicional, una reducción en la dispersión de los ingresos per cápita y una menor movilidad en el <em>ranking</em> de la posición de los países.</p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong>IS LATIN AMERICA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH CONVERGENCE PROCYCLICAL?</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p>This paper looks at the hypothesis of conditional convergence of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for a set of eighteen Latin American countries establishing a positive link with the growth rate of those economies. To that purpose, β-convergence, σ-convergence and γ-convergence analyses are conducted. Furthermore, with the aim of identifying spatial heterogeneity the relationship among neighbor territorial units and product levels are studied applying the I Moran statistics. By and large, a regional convergence path with high conditional β-convergence, a lower dispersion of per capita incomes and a lesser mobility of countries along the ranking are shown to exist.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOCRACY: an analysis for latin american countries (1990-2010)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Jevuks Matheus de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Political System ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Econometric Technique

Nas ultimas duas décadas importantes mudanças políticas e econômicas ocorreram na América Latina. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação existente entre a evolução da democracia e desenvolvimento econômico para as principais economias dessa região. O marco teórico se origina em Lipset (1959) o qual afirma que dentre os fatores da sociedade que se ligam ao sistema político nenhum é tão amplamente aceito quando a relação existente entre democracia e nível de desenvolvimento econômico. A metodologia usada foi à técnica econometria de dados em painel com efeito fixo.Os resultados demonstram que a evolução do PIB per capita teve um papel determinante no processo de evolução dasdemocracias dos países estudados. Destarte os resultados do trabalho permitem concluir que o desenvolvimento econômico amplia a possibilidade de consolidação da democracia na América Latina.Palavras-chave: Democracia; desenvolvimento econômico; economias Latino AmericanasAbstract: In the last two decades, important political changes occurred in Latin America. Thus the objective of this study is toanalyze the relationship between the evolution of democracy and economic development for the major economies of thisregion. The theoretical framework is based on Lipset (1959) which states that, among the factors in society related to political system, none is so accepted as the relation between democracy and level of economic development. The methodology used was the econometric technique of panel data with fixed effects. The results show that the evolution of GDP per capita had a role in the process of evolution of democracies in the studied countries. Thus the results of the study allow concluding that economic development increases the possibility of consolidating democracy in Latin America.Keywords: Democracy, economic development, Latin American economies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mortality Rate and Its Incidence in Latin America: Dependence on Demographic and Economic Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6900
Author(s):  
Javier Cifuentes-Faura
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Quality Infrastructure

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left millions infected and dead around the world, with Latin America being one of the most affected areas. In this work, we have sought to determine, by means of a multiple regression analysis and a study of correlations, the influence of population density, life expectancy, and proportion of the population in vulnerable employment, together with GDP per capita, on the mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Latin American countries. The results indicated that countries with higher population density had lower numbers of deaths. Population in vulnerable employment and GDP showed a positive influence, while life expectancy did not appear to significantly affect the number of COVID-19 deaths. In addition, the influence of these variables on the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was analyzed. It can be concluded that the lack of resources can be a major burden for the vulnerable population in combating COVID-19 and that population density can ensure better designed institutions and quality infrastructure to achieve social distancing and, together with effective measures, lower death rates.

Job flexibility and job satisfaction among Mexican professionals: a socio-cultural explanation

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Baeza ◽  
Jorge A. Gonzalez ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Job Flexibility ◽  
Cultural Explanation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study how job flexibility influences job satisfaction among Mexican professionals, and focus on the role of key socio-cultural moderators relevant to Mexican society. Design/methodology/approach The paper explore how this relationship may be more important for women, employees with dependents such as children and elder parents and younger generations of professionals (e.g. Millennials). Findings The authors find that job flexibility is positively related to job satisfaction. This relationship is stronger for employees without dependents, as well as for younger generations of professionals (e.g. Millennials). Surprisingly, the relationship between job flexibility and job satisfaction does not differ by gender. The findings explain why job flexibility is more conductive to job satisfaction for employees without dependents, who tend to belong to younger generations. Originality/value Overall, the findings present important implications for managing job flexibility in Mexico and other Latin American countries, particularly for younger professionals.

Innovation and Agronomy

2016 ◽  
pp. 392-418
Author(s):  
Ariel R. Soto Caro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
World Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

This chapter presents an empirical discussion about the relationship of agricultural industry and innovation in emerging economies. Then, a general revision of the innovation, agronomy and public policies associated will be reviewed. This chapter is immersed in the Chilean case. The author justifies that Chile can be a representative case because it is a country that wishes to become a world power in agro-food, but has very low investment in innovation. Besides, it has very low participation of agricultural innovative firms in the market. After the background is presented, innovation and development will be reviewed; subsequently, innovation in developing countries will be discussed, concluding with agro-innovation in Latin-American countries, especially in Chile.

Understanding the relationship between Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes from cattle in Latin American Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Zumárraga ◽  
C. Arriaga ◽  
S. Barandiaran ◽  
L. Cobos-Marín ◽  
J. de Waard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

scholarly journals Is there such thing as middle class values? Class differences, values and political orientations in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Lopez-Calva ◽  
Jamele Rigolini ◽  
Florencia Torche
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Similar Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractMiddle class values have long been perceived as drivers of social cohesion and growth. In this paper we investigate the relationship between class (measured by the position in the income distribution), values, and political orientations using comparable values surveys for six Latin American countries. We find that both a continuous measure of income and categorical measures of income-based class are robustly associated with values. Both income and class tend to display a similar association to values and political orientations as education, although differences persist in some important dimensions. Overall, we do not find strong evidence of any “middle class particularism”: values appear to gradually shift with income, and middle class values lay between the ones of poorer and richer classes. If any, the only peculiarity of middle class values is moderation. We also find changes in values across countries to be of much larger magnitude than the ones dictated by income, education, and individual characteristics, suggesting that individual values vary primarily within bounds dictated by each society.

scholarly journals Children’s preferences for gender-typed objects and colours: a commentary from gender research in Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Raúl Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
International Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Gender Development ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

The main aim of this review was to examine international research on children’s preferences regarding gender-typed objects and colours. Firstly, we provide the theoretical background on gender development to elucidate the ways in which individuals can learn gender stereotypes and develop gender-related preferences. Secondly, we review international research on gender-related preferences. Thirdly, we analyse empirical studies on gender stereotypes in children conducted in Spain and Latin American countries, and show that although gender is a priority research area in these countries, studies on gender development in childhood are lacking. Thus, our aim was to identify a set of issues that provide insights into the development of gender-typed preferences, and that also suggest new directions for researchers in Spanish-speaking countries who are interested in clarifying the relationship between gender and children’s preferences for objects and colours.

scholarly journals Intangible assets and business performance in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristina Lopes ◽  
Luciana Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Business World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

Purpose The intangible assets of a company have been presented by national and international surveys as a resource to influence the creation of value and the increase in organizational performance. In view of this, this study aims to analyze the relationship between intangibility and the performance of companies in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, multiple regression with panel data was used and three perspectives for measuring intangible resources were defined: representativeness of the intangible asset, accounting measure for measuring the intangible, degree of intangibility and Tobin’ Q, the latter two representing economic and financial measures to determine intangibility. The study covered the period from 2011 to 2017 with a sample of 1,236 publicly traded companies located in some Latin American countries, namely, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Findings The results demonstrated the existence of a significant and positive relationship between the variables of intangibility, degree of intangibility and Tobin’s Q, and the performance variables, return on assets, operating margin and asset turnover, reinforcing the study hypothesis that the greater the investment in intangible resource, the greater the company’s performance. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study involve the lack of complete information about intangible resources in the financial statements of some companies and some countries, making it hard to analyze the proposed relationship more broadly and accurately. Another limitation involves the causal relationship that may have existed between the regressors of the models defined in the study and their error, thus generating an endogeneity problem in the proposed models. It is recommended for future research to use specific methods to mitigate possible problems of endogeneity in regressions. Practical implications Mainly the possibility of deepening the relationship between intangibility and business performance, thus obtaining new knowledge through the reflexes of this relationship on companies in Latin American countries, finding more consistent results. Social implications The study contributes to the decision-making process in the business world by informing the primary users of accounting information such as investors, administrators, accountants, regulators and creditors. Originality/value This research contributes by addressing a theme whose studies present many gaps, making it possible to deepen the relationship between intangibility and business performance and gain new knowledge through the reflexes of this relationship on companies in Latin American countries.

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