scholarly journals The Moor’s Political Colour: Race and Othello in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (37) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Anna Kowalcze-Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Racial Stereotypes ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Adaptations ◽  
The Way

This paper provides a brief outline of the reception history of Othello in Poland, focusing on the way the character of the Moor of Venice is constructed on the page, in the first-published nineteenth-century translation by Józef Paszkowski, and on the stage, in two twentieth-century theatrical adaptations that provide contrasting images of Othello: 1981/1984 televised Othello, dir. Andrzej Chrzanowski and the 2011 production of African Tales Based on Shakespeare, in which Othello’s part is played by Adam Ferency (dir. Krzysztof Warlikowski). The paper details the political and social contexts of each of these stage adaptations, as both of them employ brownface and blackface to visualise Othello’s “political colour.” The function of blackface and brownface is radically different in these two productions: in the 1981/1984 Othello brownface works to underline Othello’s overall sense of alienation, while strengthening the existing stereotypes surrounding black as a skin colour, while the 2011 staging makes the use of blackface as an artificial trick of the actor’s trade, potentially unmasking the constructedness of racial prejudices, while confronting the audience with their own pernicious racial stereotypes.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Kevin Duong
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Tradition

This conclusion reviews the importance of studying redemptive violence in nineteenth century France in light of the political history of the twentieth century. It argues that, despite the increased intensity of violence in the twentieth century, a study of redemptive violence in the nineteenth century is still important for us today. That is because it emphasizes that all democratic revolutions are social revolutions. All democratic revolutions pose the problem of reconstructing democratic social bonds. Redemptive violence’s history underscores that fraternité was always as important as liberty and equality in the French tradition. Critics of fraternité today ignore the importance of democratic solidarity at their peril.

Military Morality Transformed: Weapons and Soldiers on the Nineteenth-Century Battlefield

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervase Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Human Aggression ◽  
Close Supervision ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The increased lethality of nineteenth-century “arms of precision” caused military formations to disperse in combat, transforming the ordinary soldier from a near automaton, drilled to deliver random fire under close supervision, into a moral agent who exercised a degree of choice about where, when, and how to fire his weapon. The emerging autonomy of the soldier became a central theme in contemporary tactical debates, which struggled to reconcile the desire for discipline with the individual initiative necessary on the battlefield. This tactical conundrum offers revealing insights about human aggression and mass violence. Its dark legacy was the propagation of military values into civilian society, thus paving the way for the political soldiers of the twentieth century.

“These Things Were Reported to Tiberius”

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
David Lloyd Dusenbury
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Death Of Jesus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Holy City

In the late 1920s an Austrian historian of religion, Robert Eisler, introduced a riveting new theory about the trial and death of Jesus. On the strength of a dossier of Old Russian manuscripts, Eisler became convinced that Jesus went to Jerusalem shortly before his death with a cohort of “secretly armed” disciples. Once in the holy city, Eisler conjectured, Jesus and his cohort of fighters must have gained control of “the strongly fortified Temple”. It is this action which must have led to Jesus’ arrest and death. Eisler’s most momentous claim, however, is that Pilate’s notes on Jesus’ trial were rediscovered the nineteenth century and published in the early twentieth century. This chapter examines some of Eisler’s sources, and his place in the reception-history of Jesus’ Roman trial. Eisler is unique for his stress on the fascinating question of what Pilate wrote.

Del mito gaucho al mito peronista: la decadencia del cine criollista en La cabalgata del circo (Soffici 1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Nicolás Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Second Degree

The article explores the decline of Criollista cinema during early Peronism, based on the study of Mario Soffici’s 1945 film La cabalgata del circo/Circus Cavalcade and the political circumstances around it, including Eva Duarte’s performance, the violent incidents during the premiere and the role of the censorship. The central hypothesis is that the film inaugurates a kind of symbolic relay: Peronism appropriates nineteenth-century emblems such as the gaucho myth or the romantic woman, and incorporates them into the emerging Peronist myth. This gives the Criollista cinema of the time the tone of a retreating criollismo, which is articulated as a second degree nostalgia: if criollismo was always marked by nostalgia for a pre-modern golden age, La cabalgata del circo reveals a nostalgia for that nostalgia, given that it is not only a Criollista story but also a history of criollismo. The research is based on the analysis of the film, its links with the historical-political context and the way it adapts the Criollista novel Juan Cuello, written by Eduardo Gutiérrez in 1880.

A Leninist before Lenin: Ernest Coeurderoy (1825–1862)

1949 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ivan Kheraskov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Word

The name Coeurderoy, of course, will mean nothing to the reader. It is that of a thoroughly forgotten French revolutionary writer. Nettlau, the bibliographer of anarchism in the nineteenth century, who devoted to him an enthusiastic article in the second issue of the Archives of the History of Socialism (1910) and reedited the three volumes of his diary, Days of Exile, with an extensive biographical introduction (1911), has literally rediscovered him for the reader of the twentieth century.And yet Coeurderoy was a most unusual personality. Nettlau considers him an outstanding writer, a master of the written word worthy of a place in world literature next to Nietzsche. In the present study we propose to acquaint the reader only with the political aspect of Coeurderoy's thought—his militant social philosophy which, as will be seen, is of strikingly contemporary interest. Not only did his revolutionary vision foreshadow “Leninism,” not only did he discern through the mists of the future the Russian communist upheaval in its European aspect, but he was spiritually a contemporary, as it were, of our own period of history. “Outwardly,”—he wrote,—“I live in our century, but in spirit I belong to the future.”

Divine Patterns: Louis Agassiz and American Men of Letters. Some Preliminary Explorations

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-381
Author(s):  
Ian F. A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
History Of Biology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Historian ◽  
Louis Agassiz ◽  
Asa Gray ◽  
The Way

To arrive at Pound's Canto XXIII from Poe's ‘ Sonnet to Science ’ is a problematic task for more and less obvious reasons. Part of the way in which we may make the approach is through the resonances of certain figures prominent in the history of ideas; in particular to Louis Agassiz, the Swiss-born geologist and natural historian who was a central personality in Cambridge circles from his arrival in America in 1846 until his death in 1873. Apart from Edward Lurie's excellent biography, Louis Agassiz, A Life in Science (Chicago, 1960), the twentieth century bears only scattered reference to him, whereas the latter half of the nineteenth century celebrated his work enthusiastically and prolifically. Part of the reason for his diminished presence after the turn of the century lies undoubtedly in his position outside the mainstream of contemporary biological thinking, particularly as a result of his quarrel with Asa Gray during the 1850s; Agassiz was the only scientist of influential standing to oppose himself to the doctrine of Evolution. Consequently, he occupies a far less prominent place in the history of biology than he did in his own era.

The collector as taste advisor and interior decorator: popular advice manuals and the orchestration of the private interior

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-57
Author(s):  
Anca I. Lasc
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Audience ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines influential collecting and taste manuals from the second half of the nineteenth century dedicated to both a male, respectively a female, audience. After providing a brief history of collecting and its development in post-revolutionary France, the chapter explains how the visual and critical discourses about the proper appearance of the modern, private interior and about the arrangement of objects displayed therein informed the development of a new historicist, themed aesthetic. This new aesthetic required a mastermind to supervise the organization of each interior decorating ensemble within the upper as well as the middle-class private home - increasingly more decorated in the aftermath of the Industrial and Consumer Revolutions - paving the way to the work of the later interior decorators at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century.

The Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Performance History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Musical Renaissance

The performance history of Dido and Aeneas in the nineteenth century is marked by two, seemingly conflicting, trends: attempts to create a more authentic score and the increased use of added orchestration. Many of the most important contributions to the reception history of the opera in this era, including new editions and major revivals, can be attributed to the faculties at the Royal Academy of Music and the Royal College of Music. The founding of the Purcell Society by William Cummings, his biography of the composer, and his edition of the opera mark a watershed in the modern history of the opera. Within the so-called “English Musical Renaissance” of musical composition, Dido and Aeneas became a stylistic touchstone to which composers through the mid-twentieth century returned.

Epilogue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Assael
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
The Way ◽  
Metropolitan History

The epilogue begins with consideration of the way the nineteenth-century London restaurant features in individual and collective memory. It insists that such memories were not exclusively characterized by notions of dispossession, melancholy, or regret, and the distance between eating out in the middle of the nineteenth century and the dawn of the twentieth century was often expressed through the sentiments of progress and improvement. It then moves on to a reflection on how returning the restaurant to a central role in our understanding of metropolitan history in the Victorian and Edwardian period has important connotations for how the history of Modern Britain, more broadly, might be researched and written. In particular, the restaurant requires more attention to be given to the more materially grounded aspects of the urban experience as much as it does to the more abstracted motifs of representation, performance, and subjectivity.

scholarly journals The Heritage of Taixu

Asian Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Dessein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Chinese Intellectual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
The Way

Much scholarly attention has been devoted to the way the Chinese intellectual world tried to formulate an answer to the challenge posed by European modernity, as well as to the way European political thinking (nationalism, socialism, communism, anarchism) impacted traditional Chinese political thinking. In contrast, very little attention has been devoted to the way these same political philosophies also influenced the Chinese Buddhist answer to European modernity. This article discusses the ways in which the ‘reform of Buddhism’ proposed by the famous Venerable Taixu (1889–1947) was shaped by both the political and military events that determined the history of China in the first half of the twentieth century, and by his genuine determination to modernize Buddhism.

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