scholarly journals Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varieties to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Martín Rivera-Sosa ◽  
Gustavo Ramírez-Valverde ◽  
Beatriz Martínez-Yáñez ◽  
Alfonsina Judith-Hernández ◽  
Sergio Aranda-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Bacterial Wilt And Canker ◽  
Das Elisa

<p><em>Clavibacter michiganensis</em> subsp. <em>michiganensis</em> causes bacterial wilt and canker disease of tomato. The objectives of this research were i) to characterize and identify the most aggressive Cmm in Chignahuapan, Puebla, ii) to evaluate the tolerance in two phenological stages of 10 tomato varieties to infection by CP_Cmm1 in the greenhouse and the <em>in vitro</em> sensitivity of the bacteria to bactericides. 12 Cmm isolates were collected from tomato plants and a strain (CP_Cmm-1) with greater aggressiveness was selected according to the time of manifestation of symptoms in plants of var. Reserva. Afterward, the strain was inoculated by cutting with scissors embedded in a suspension with 3 x 108 UFC mL-1 in two phenological stages (at five and 10 true leaves). Symptoms were evaluated for 30 days after inoculation. Additionally, the sensitivity of CP_Cmm-1 to eight commercial bactericides <em>in vitro</em> was evaluated. The results showed that the CP_Cmm-1 strain was identified with 97% similarity with the API20 E system, positive with DAS-ELISA, and by PCR it showed 96.6% identity with <em>Clavibacter michiganensis</em> subsp. <em>michiganensis</em>. The Saher variety showed greater tolerance to infection (* = p?0.05) both in the stage of five and 10 leaves; the varieties Sv4401, Nápoles, and Súper óptimo showed greater susceptibility in the five-leaf stage. The Sv4401 variety was highly susceptible in both stages. Neither variety was resistant to infection by CP_Cmm-1. The use of the Sahel variety and kasugamycin could reduce the damage of this bacteria.</p>

Characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains from recent outbreaks of bacterial wilt and canker in Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić ◽  
Karl-Heinz Gartemann ◽  
Jonas Frohwitter ◽  
Rudolf Eichenlaub ◽  
Biljana Todorović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Bacterial Wilt And Canker

Attempts at Biological Control of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis On Rockwool-Grown Greenhouse Tomatoes

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czesław Ślusarski
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Bacterial Canker Of Tomato

Attempts at Biological Control ofClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensisOn Rockwool-Grown Greenhouse TomatoesTwo greenhouse experiments were conducted in which tomato plants artificially inoculated withClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensis(Cmm) were grown in an open rockwool system as spring and autumn crops. Two isolates of the rhizosphere bacteria,Pseudomonas fluorescensstrain PSR21,Pseudomonas reactansstrain GGS14, a commercial biocontrol agent Aqua Bac Plus (Bacillusspp.) and a proprietary disinfectant containing QAC+Chx, applied at weekly intervals, were evaluated for their efficiency in the suppression of the bacterial canker of tomato. All treatments tested revealed to be ineffective in controlling the disease. The introduction ofCmmbacteria into the fresh rockwool in the first year of its usage resulted in a 100% death of tomato plants, whereas following an artificial inoculation of two- and three-year-old rockwool slabs withCmmbacteria dead plants amounted to 70 and 58%, respectively. This indicates that in the re-used rockwool a natural microbial suppressiveness to bacterial canker of tomato might be developed in the root zone.

scholarly journals First Record of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Causing Canker of Tomato Plants in Syria

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ftayeh ◽  
A. von Tiedemann ◽  
B. Koopmann ◽  
K. Rudolph ◽  
M. Abu-Ghorrah
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Bacterial Canker Of Tomato

Between March and mid April of 2007, several extensive surveys for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis were carried out among greenhouses in the coastal strip provinces of the Mediterranean Sea in north-west Syria (Latakia and Tartous), where a large proportion of Syrian fresh-market tomatoes are produced. This bacterium causes bacterial canker of tomato and is considered an A2 quarantine pathogen by the European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). It is currently present in all major tomato-production areas in the EPPO region (4), but has not been previously reported in Syria. The survey revealed typical canker symptoms in 7% of 150 inspected greenhouses that contained cvs. Dima, Huda, and Astona. These symptoms included stunting, dark brown-to-black lesions on the leaf margins, wilting and defoliation of whole plants, and vascular discoloration. The disease incidence in such greenhouses was estimated at 15% at the time of the survey. Diseased plants were surface sterilized and homogenized in sterile water. Serial dilutions were plated on nutrient glucose agar. Suspected colonies were further purified by repeated restreaking on new agar plates. All 10 of the suspected strains obtained from different locations were identified as C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on the basis of the following observations: bacterial cells of all strains had a coryneform shape, were nonmotile, gram positive according to Gram's reaction test with 3% KOH (2), oxidase-negative, and caused hypersensitive reactions on leaves of Mirabilis jalaba (1) within 24 h. PCR assays were conducted with the C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-specific primer set PSA-4/R (3) and template DNA prepared from in-vitro-grown bacteria with the MasterPure Gram Positive DNA Purification Kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, WI). The expected 270-bp amplicon was observed for both reference strains as well as the Syrian strains. Pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed by artificial inoculation of 6-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Lyconorma). Inoculation was performed by stabbing the stem with a sterile needle through a drop (~35 μl) of bacterial suspension (~108 CFU/ml in 0.01 M MgSO4) placed in the axil of the second or third true leaf. Three tomato seedlings were inoculated with each strain. Control plants were inoculated with sterile 0.01 M MgSO4. Symptoms including lateral wilt of leaflets, stem lesions, and wilting of whole plants were observed within 10 to 15 days after inoculation, except for the negative control. To fulfill Koch's postulates, reisolation and reidentification of the pathogen was conducted as previously described. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the occurrence of bacterial canker of tomato in Syria. References: (1) R. D. Gitaitis. Plant Dis. 74:58, 1990. (2) T. J. Gregersen. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 5:123, 1978. (3) K. H. Pastrik and F. A. Rainey. J. Phytopathol. 147:687, 1999. (4) I. M. Smith and L. M. F. Charles, eds. Map 253 in: Distribution Maps of Quarantine Pests for Europe. EPPO/CABI, 1998.

scholarly journals Immunochemical, biochemical and pathogenic properties of fluidal and intermediate strains of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 291-293
Author(s):  
B. Kokošková ◽  
R. Jeřabková
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
Das Elisa

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), causing ring rot of potato, is a quarantine bacterium. According to colony morphology, Cms occurs mostly as fluidal (smooth), but sometime as intermediate (rough, i.e. less fluidal) variants, too. Commercial monoclonal antibodies (Agdia, USA) were used for determination of 40 Cms strains representing both forms. All Cms strains were reliably identified by IFAS, but atypical cells were sometime recorded in population of intermediate strains. The fluidal Cms strains were more reliably identified using DAS-ELISA and the Biolog GP MicroPlate System<sup>TM</sup> than intermediate strains. The intermediate Cms strains had decreased metabolic activity compared with fluidal strains and that is why they were identified only to the genera or to the species level or not identified. The differences among fluidal and intermediate Cms strains were recorded also in bioassay on eggplants. The intermediate Cms strains caused atypical or no symptoms with comparison to fluidal strains.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Pathogenic Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Strains from Chile Reveals Potential Virulence Features for Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679
Author(s):  
Valentina Méndez ◽  
Miryam Valenzuela ◽  
Francisco Salvà-Serra ◽  
Daniel Jaén-Luchoro ◽  
Ximena Besoain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Genomic Similarity

The genus Clavibacter has been associated largely with plant diseases. The aims of this study were to characterize the genomes and the virulence factors of Chilean C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains VL527, MSF322 and OP3, and to define their phylogenomic positions within the species, Clavibacter michiganensis. VL527 and MSF322 genomes possess 3,396,632 and 3,399,199 bp, respectively, with a pCM2-like plasmid in strain VL527, with pCM1- and pCM2-like plasmids in strain MSF322. OP3 genome is composed of a chromosome and three plasmids (including pCM1- and pCM2-like plasmids) of 3,466,104 bp. Genomic analyses confirmed the phylogenetic relationships of the Chilean strains among C.michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and showed their low genomic diversity. Different virulence levels in tomato plants were observable. Phylogenetic analyses of the virulence factors revealed that the pelA1 gene (chp/tomA region)—that grouped Chilean strains in three distinct clusters—and proteases and hydrolases encoding genes, exclusive for each of the Chilean strains, may be involved in these observed virulence levels. Based on genomic similarity (ANIm) analyses, a proposal to combine and reclassify C. michiganensis subsp. phaseoli and subsp. chilensis at the species level, as C. phaseoli sp. nov., as well as to reclassify C. michiganensis subsp. californiensis as the species C. californiensis sp. nov. may be justified.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bacterial Community Structures in the Rhizoplane of Tomato Plants Grown in Soils Suppressive and Conducive towards Bacterial Wilt

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 3996-4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Shiomi ◽  
Masaya Nishiyama ◽  
Tomoko Onizuka ◽  
Takuya Marumoto
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Chloroform Fumigation ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

ABSTRACT It has been reported that the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum is suppressed at the rhizoplane of tomato plants and that tomato bacterial wilt is suppressed in plants grown in a soil (Mutsumi) in Japan. To evaluate the biological factors contributing to the suppressiveness of the soil in three treated Mutsumi soils (chloroform fumigated soil; autoclaved soil mixed with intact Mutsumi soil; and autoclaved soil mixed with intact, wilt-conducive Yamadai soil) infested with R. solanacearum, we bioassayed soil samples for tomato bacterial wilt. Chloroform fumigation increased the extent of wilt disease. More of the tomato plant samples wilted when mixed with Yamadai soil than when mixed with Mutsumi soil. Consequently, the results indicate that the naturally existing population of microorganisms in Mutsumi soil was significantly able to reduce the severity of bacterial wilt of tomato plants. To characterize the types of bacteria present at the rhizoplane, we isolated rhizoplane bacteria and classified them into 22 groups by comparing their 16S restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. In Yamadai soil a single group of bacteria was extremely predominant (73.1%), whereas in Mutsumi soil the distribution of the bacterial groups was much more even. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis of strains of dominant groups suggested that gram-negative bacteria close to the β-proteobacteria were most common at the rhizoplane of the tomato plants. During in vitro assays, rhizoplane bacteria in Mutsumi soil grew more vigorously on pectin, one of the main root exudates of tomato, compared with those in Yamadai soil. Our results imply that it is difficult for the pathogen to dominate in a diversified rhizobacterial community that thrives on pectin.

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