scholarly journals Spatial Diffusion of Civil Liberty

Economía ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (87) ◽  
pp. 146-169
Author(s):  
Coro Chasco ◽  
Maricruz Lacalle-Calderon ◽  
Javier Alfonso-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Spreading Rate ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Spatial Diffusion ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

This paper studies the existence of spatial diffusion of civil liberty among neighboring countries. For that purpose, we first combine different exploratory space-time data analysis approaches to find that this phenomenon is spatially clustered and that a convergence process is at work among the world countries from 1985 to 2010, with a structural change by the end of the Twentieth century mainly due to the appearance of the Internet. Second, we specify a spatial autoregressive panel data model for a sample of 130 countries, for 1985–2000, and 172 countries, for 2000–2010. Results provide evidence for spatial diffusion of civil liberty, though it is not constant along this time span. The spreading rate is 0.34 in the first sub-period. After 2000, it reduces to 0.21; that is, countries only “catch” 21% of the average changes in their neighbors’ civil liberty levels. Additionally, religious culture, urban agglomeration and GDP explain the levels of civil liberties in the world.

Civil liberty and economic growth in the world: a long-run perspective, 1850–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVIER ALFONSO-GIL ◽  
MARICRUZ LACALLE-CALDERÓN ◽  
ROCÍO SÁNCHEZ-MANGAS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between economic growth and civil liberty across the globe in the long run. To fulfill this aim, we use an unbalanced panel of 149 countries for the period 1850–2010 with data on gross domestic product (GDP) from Maddison, and data on civil liberties from Polity IV. The dynamics of both variables are investigated. Once country and time effects are accounted for in a dynamic panel data model, our results show that movements toward higher levels of civil liberty are associated with higher economic growth rates. Therefore, we find that civil liberties are a relevant factor to explain economic growth. We perform some sensitivity tests that confirm the robustness of our results.

Religion and Civil Liberties in the United States

2011 ◽  
pp. 274-288
Author(s):  
Tony Gill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Regulatory Issue ◽  
The World

In the contemporary era, and indeed ever since the Age of Enlightenment, the issue of civil liberties has taken an increasingly important role in the world of politics and economics. These civil liberties frequently include the rights to free speech, to petition government, to a fair trial before a jury of one's peers, to assemble peacefully, and prohibitions on the arbitrary seizure of property. Given that religious freedom is a crucial link in the economic explanation of religion, it behooves us to understand how this vital civil liberty produces religious pluralism and vibrancy, and how religious freedom develops within polities. This article frames religious freedom in the United States as a regulatory issue, proposes an economically rooted explanation for why politicians would deregulate the religious marketplace, and discusses why religious civil liberties are important for promoting spiritual vibrancy and a strong civic culture in society. It also examines the link between religious liberty and political economy.

Civil Liberty After the War

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Robert E. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
American Civil Liberty ◽  
The World ◽  
National Experience ◽  
Grave Danger

No nation has ever fought a tough war without overriding for the duration some of the civil liberties of its people. The war we are fighting is more than a tough war; it is a mortal struggle in which the life of constitutional democracy throughout the world is at stake. It presents a new kind of challenge to the vitality of American civil liberty. We know from grim experience that in the peace which follows a tough war, civil liberty faces new and increased dangers. High-keyed energies and emotions, suddenly released, seek a new outlet. Wartime patriotism tends to become peacetime intolerance, and wherever there is intolerance, the traditional civil liberties of unpopular minority groups are in grave danger of being brutally suppressed. The peace which will follow the war we are now fighting will be without precedent in the complexity of its problems, the power of the emotional reactions which it will generate, and the strength of the triumphant determination of our people to preserve intact the fruits of victory. This peace will bring in its wake an unprecedented temptation to abridge some of our basic civil liberties, and this new threat will be very dangerous indeed. This is the general subject which I wish to explore.What I have to say falls into three parts. First, I wish to review some of the salient features of our national experience with civil liberty problems down to the eve of the present war; and by experience I mean our thinking about these problems as well as our behavior with respect to them.

Exploring Attendance at a Traditional Cultural Event: The Case of a Holy Week Celebration

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Víctor Lafuente ◽  
José Ángel Sanz ◽  
María Devesa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The City ◽  
Complex Expression

Holy Week is one of the most important traditions in many parts of the world and a complex expression of cultural heritage. The main goal of this article is to explore which factors determine participation in Holy Week celebrations in the city of Palencia (Spain), measured through the number of processions attended. For this purpose, an econometric count data model is used. Variables included in the model not only reflect participants' sociodemographic features but other factors reflecting cultural capital, accumulated experience, and social aspects of the event. A distinction is drawn between three types of participants: brotherhood members, local residents, and visitors, among whom a survey was conducted to collect the information required. A total of 248 surveys were carried out among brotherhood members, 209 among local residents, and 259 among visitors. The results confirm the religious and social nature of this event, especially in the case of local participants. However, in the case of visitors, participation also depends on aspects reflecting the celebration's cultural and tourist dimension—such as visiting other religious and cultural attractions—suggesting the existence of specific tourism linked to the event. All of this suggests the need to manage the event, ensuring a balance is struck between the various stakeholders' interests and developing a tourist strategy that prioritizes public-private cooperation.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of efficiency of democracy in Ukraine according to the indices of democracy The Economist Democracy Index, Freedom In the World and Polity IV

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Kateryna Fedoryshynа
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Integral Point ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Legal Restrictions

This article represents an analysis of efficiency of Ukrainian democracy within the framework of three popural indices of democracy – The Economist Democracy Index, Freedom In the World index and Polity IV. Comparative analysis shows the core factors which bring three different democratic concepts, used in the indices, to the integral unity. Finding correlation between factors of Ukrainian democracy, measured in the indices through a certain time period (2006-2018), helps getting integral look at the problem of non existent universal theoretic base for understanding democracy. The basic idea of the analysis, represented in this article, shows that different factors, used by indices in measuring democracy, do not evenly correlate in practice, though they represent holistic approach to the essence of democracy. Choosing specific theoretical approach of understanding democracy makes it hard for indices to fully measure real democracy. This analysis aims at searching correlation in different basic factors of democratic models, used by indices with different approaches. As the result of the analysis the article ranks a number of basic factors, used in three popular indices of democracy, according to the strength of correlation of these factors with other factors of the index they represent and with the final score of the index. Integral choice of the basic factors, which correlate with the change of Ukraine’s democratic trends according to the three indices, covers several dimensions of democratic model. Ukrainian democratic trends in the specific time period (2006-2018), as the analysis shows, from integral point of view correlates the most with the changes in electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties and legal restrictions of the executive power. Political culture, political participation and individual rights show weak correlation with Ukrainian democratic trends within the period of time, chosen for the analysis.

scholarly journals TEOLOGI BURUH : Agama dan Sikap Pasrah Perempuan Buruh Sanggan Batik

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Rahmawati ◽  
M. Muslih Husein ◽  
Asmuni Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
The World ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This qualitative descriptive research aimed to describe in detail the meaning of the values of religion and expression of women's resignation batik workers in the struggle of the production process, and the factors that influence it. Research was taken place in Pekalongan city and data obtained through observation, interviews, and literary studies. The results showed that deep belief in God is the foundation of understanding of the value of religion in the world of work as well when they interact with the skipper and other workers. The expression of resignation is seen almost in all stages from raw material procurement, production to marketing. Surrender women sanggan also evident in labor relations and outside the employment relationship, which is due to the fact that the religious elite is skipper and social conditions of patriarchal religious culture.

scholarly journals Unia Europejska w obliczu pandemii COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Paweł Turczyński ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World

The coronavirus pandemic that hit the world in early 2020 has weakened Europe very severely. In the first period (January-February), the disease was often neglected, which allowed it to spread rapidly. In March, panic struck European societies, the health systems of many countries collapsed, and governments introduced drastic restrictions on civil liberties and on the functioning of the economy. The European Union, which was helpless in the first period, took steps in the spring to restore the European economy after the end of the epidemic.

scholarly journals Smart Automated Farming System using IOT and Solar Panel

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Anita Shukla ◽  
◽  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
System A ◽  
The World ◽  
Absence Of Power

Present work focuses on need of automation in farming by using IOT technology. Automation of farming envisages monitoring and controlling of various parameters which could be helpful in increasing productivity. The proposed system provides a technological solution to the various problems like, maintenance of water requirements, humidity level, maintenance of proper temperature, and proper availability of light for sophisticated plants, fire alert and to keep a check on unwanted entry in the farming lands including timely and sufficient supply of electricity. This hardware provides an effective and efficient solution to the defined problems in Indian farming system by using node MCU Wi-Fi module. Different sensors like humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor, PIR sensor, fire sensor, light sensor and temperature sensor have been used for monitoring and controlling of various problems technologically. In proposed system a Wi-Fi module has been used which automatically informs the farmer about the water requirement, site temperature, humidity and moisture, light, fire alert and about the unwanted occupancy or encroachment by displaying real time data which can be seen and accessed over internet using IOT technology from anywhere in the world. System is equipped with solar panel which provides power backup to the system even in the absence of power supply. We have used five different sensors on three different plants with different environmental conditions and the performances of different sensors are found to be upto the desired expectations.

Globalization and Human Rights

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Soumi Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Era

The world has undergone a change from ancient to modern. The enthusiasm among people to discover the undiscovered actually marked the beginning of the modern era and the advent of globalisation can be viewed as a bi-product of this modern civilisation. Globalisation was apparently meant to enhance cooperation among nations as partners in trade, but, gradually with better exposure to each other's culture, people started embracing the global ideas, habits, and way of life. Globalisation is therefore not just the integration of economies and markets, but it is also the integration of cultures and understandings, making people aware of their rights and role to be played in transforming the society for better. Thus, globalisation can rightly be called as the source of modern human rights, as it has no doubt played an active role in preserving and protecting Human Rights by technological expansion, increasing neo-liberal values, establishing certain super-national institutions and by promoting and maintaining civil liberties that uphold freedom, transparency, and popular participation.

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