scholarly journals Investigating Field Efficacy and Safety of Conjunctival Brucella abortus S19 Vaccine in Cattle

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Erdenlig Gurbilek ◽  
M.S. Karagul ◽  
A.M. Saytekin ◽  
E.A. Baklan ◽  
G. Saglam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
S19 Vaccine

Background: Vaccination is the most fundamental strategy in the control and eradication of brucellosis. Several vaccination programs with different vaccines have been carried out in many countries in which brucellosis continues to be a problem in livestock. One of the recommended vaccines against brucellosis in cattle is the live Brucella abortus S19 vaccine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of field safety and efficacy trials for the conjunctival Brucella abortus S19 vaccine prior to the mass vaccination program. Methods: In this study, 81 female cattle were vaccinated with a reduced dose of Brucella abortus S19 vaccine with the conjunctival route. The immune response after vaccination was investigated by suggested serological tests; namely, Rose Bengal Plate Test, Serum Agglutination Test and Complement Fixation Test. Result: No adverse effect was observed within the scope of safety. Isolation of vaccine strain was observed only in a milk sample of lactating animals. Excluding the diagnosis criteria of the serological tests, humoral immune response was observed in most of the animals by all the serological tests one month after vaccination. Antibody levels lasted approximately 4 months after vaccination. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that besides vaccine-induced antibodies, the vaccine including changes in dose and administration way in this study did not cause any significant risks for the target animals.

scholarly journals Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
István Kiss ◽  
Krisztina Szigeti ◽  
Zalán G. Homonnay ◽  
Vivien Tamás ◽  
Han Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antibody Levels

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

scholarly journals Dynamics of humoral immune response in pregnant mares and foals vaccinated with Theileria equi recombinant EMA-2

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109
Author(s):  
Alice C. Santos ◽  
Fábio P.L. Leite ◽  
Ana M. Vianna ◽  
Guilherme B. Weege ◽  
Ilusca S. Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT: Theileria equi is an infectious hemoprotozoan agent of equine piroplasmosis, a disease that has severe economic and sanitary impact internationally. In addition to its common clinical features, piroplasmosis can cause gestational losses and neonatal damage, which makes neonates susceptible to this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of humoral immune response to recombinant EMA-2 of T. equi in pregnant mares and foals, as well as the transfer of vaccine antibodies through the colostrum ingested by sucking foals. For vaccine production, the EMA-2 expression gene was cloned and expressed in the yeast species, Pichia pastoris. Thirty-six horses were used, of which 18 were pregnant mares and 18 were foals. The mares were divided into control and vaccinated groups, and the vaccinated group received three doses of rEMA-2 every 21 days starting at 300 days of gestation. Foals from vaccinated and control groups were evaluated until the sixth month of life. The production of antibodies by foals on the rEMA-2 vaccination schedule was also evaluated from the second month of life. Foals in the vaccinated group had received three doses of the vaccine every 21 days. The method used to evaluate serum and colostrum samples was indirect ELISA, and plates were sensitized with the rEMA-2 protein. At the end of the vaccination schedule, vaccinated mares showed a 2.3-fold increase in antibody levels when compared to baseline values. The colostrum of vaccinated mares presented antibody levels of 1.0432±0.33. Foals delivered by vaccinated mares presented levels of antibodies greater than those of foals delivered by control mares after their first time sucking (at about twelve hours after birth). Foals vaccinated in the second month of life showed an 8.3-fold increase in antibody levels when compared to baseline values. The vaccination schedule with rEMA-2 was able to stimulate humoral immunity in pregnant mares. Vaccine immunoglobins were concentrated in the colostrum of vaccinated mares and foals delivered by these mares showed an increase in serum levels of vaccine antibodies after the first-time sucking.

scholarly journals Humoral immune response to repeated lumpy skin disease virus vaccination and performance of serological tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milovan Milovanović ◽  
Klaas Dietze ◽  
Vesna Milićević ◽  
Sonja Radojičić ◽  
Miroslav Valčić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Typically asymptomatic but with robust antibody formation: Childrens unique humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Renk ◽  
Alex Dulovic ◽  
Matthias Becker ◽  
Dorit Fabricius ◽  
Maria Zernickel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Antibody Assays

Background: Long-term persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, particularly the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimer, determines individual protection against infection and potentially viral spread. The quality of children's natural humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection is yet incompletely understood but crucial to guide pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. Methods: In this prospective observational multi-center cohort study, we followed 328 households, consisting of 548 children and 717 adults, with at least one member with a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The serological response was assessed at 3-4 months and 11-12 months after infection using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for 23 human coronavirus antigens including SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC) and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and additionally by three commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Results: Overall, 33.76% of SARS-CoV-2 exposed children and 57.88% adults were seropositive. Children were five times more likely to have seroconverted without symptoms compared to adults. Despite the frequently asymptomatic course of infection, children had higher specific antibody levels, and their antibodies persisted longer than in adults (96.22% versus 82.89% still seropositive 11-12 months post infection). Of note, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections induced similar humoral responses in all age groups. In symptomatic children, only dysgeusia was found as diagnostic indicator of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred independent of HCoV serostatus. Antibody binding responses to VOCs were similar in children and adults, with reduced binding for the Beta variant in both groups. Conclusions: The long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is robust and may provide long-term protection even after asymptomatic infection. (Study ID at German Clinical Trials Register: 00021521)

scholarly journals Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Renk ◽  
Alex Dulovic ◽  
Alina Seidel ◽  
Matthias Becker ◽  
Dorit Fabricius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Pseudotyped Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

AbstractThe quality and persistence of children’s humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown but will be crucial to guide pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. Here, we examine 548 children and 717 adults within 328 households with at least one member with a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assess serological response at 3–4 months and 11–12 months after infection using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for 23 human coronavirus antigens including SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC) and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and additionally by three commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Neutralization against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta VOC are analysed in a pseudotyped virus assay. Children, compared to adults, are five times more likely to be asymptomatic, and have higher specific antibody levels which persist longer (96.2% versus 82.9% still seropositive 11–12 months post infection). Of note, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections induce similar humoral responses in all age groups. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs independent of HCoV serostatus. Neutralization responses of children and adults are similar, although neutralization is reduced for both against the Delta VOC. Overall, the long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is of longer duration than in adults even after asymptomatic infection.

Erythropoietin Augments Antibody Response to DNP in Immunized Mice.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4232-4232
Author(s):  
Lidor Yeyni ◽  
Odelia Katz ◽  
Sari Prutchi-Sagiv ◽  
Alon Skaat ◽  
Eran Barzilay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Control Antigen ◽  
Main Growth

Abstract Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo), the main growth regulator of red blood cells, has been used in clinical practice for the treatment of anemia of various etiologies. Over the last decade several reports have indicated that the action of Epo is not restricted to the erythroid lineage. Studies indicate that rHuEpo treatment may have an immunomodulatory effect on hemodialysis patients. Here we address the effects of rHuEpo on the humoral immune response of mice. Naïve BALB/c mice (two groups of 16 mice each) were immunized with 2mg antigen dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH). Concomitant to antigen injection, the mice were injected three times weekly with rHuEpo (180U per injection) or with diluent (control). Blood samples were taken 2 and 4 weeks after immunization and anti-DNP antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Production of anti DNP antibodies increased significantly (1.5–2 fold) in the initial phase of the response (2 weeks following DNP-KLH injection) in mice injected with rHuEpo compared to their counterpart control antigen-injected mice, that received diluent only. These data indicate that erythropoietin may have a role in stimulating the humoral arm of the immune system, suggesting an immunomodulatory and/or immunostimulatory role for rHuEpo and may open new avenues in improving the immune response of immunocompromised patients.

Acellular outer membrane vesicles of Brucella abortus strain 19 elicits both humoral and cell mediated immune response in mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Losa Rose ◽  
Bablu Kumar ◽  
Ankita Jain ◽  
M K Singh ◽  
Abhishek .
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Sds Page

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain biologically active proteins, lipoolysaccharide (LPS), periplasmic and membrane-bound proteins and are known to perform diverse biological functions. OMVs from Brucella abortus S19 were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SDS-PAGE and immunoreactivity was investigated by western blotting. On TEM, bilayered spherical structures of 50-200 nm were observed. SDS-PAGE of OMVs revealed approximate bands size of 82 kDa, 68 kDa, 38 kDa, 32 kDa, 29 kDa and 18 kDa. Western blot analysis of OMVs revealed a dominant immunoreactive band of 38 kDa that correspond to some major outer membrane proteins. Humoral immune response was measured by indirect ELISA which showed that OMV specific antibodies were detected from 7th day post immunization (DPI) onwards and showed a rising trend up to 35th DPI. Cell mediated immune (CMI) response against OMVs as evidenced by the proliferation of splenocytes have also been observed. Thus OMVs were found to possess immunogenic proteins which had potential to induce both humoral as well as cell mediated immunity. After correlating this immune response with protection it has been concluded that OMV can be used as one of the vaccine candidate against brucellosis.

scholarly journals Clinical validation of the Siemens quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG assay (sCOVG) reveals improved sensitivity and a good correlation with virus neutralization titers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Irsara ◽  
Alexander E. Egger ◽  
Wolfgang Prokop ◽  
Manfred Nairz ◽  
Lorin Loacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Virus Neutralization ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and induce a specific antibody response. Serological assays detecting IgG against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein are useful to monitor the immune response after infection or vaccination. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) assay. Methods Sensitivity and specificity of the Siemens sCOVG test were evaluated on 178 patients with SARS-CoV-2-infection and 160 pre-pandemic samples in comparison with its predecessor test COV2G. Furthermore, correlation with virus neutralization titers was investigated on 134 samples of convalescent COVID-19 patients. Results Specificity of the sCOVG test was 99.4% and sensitivity was 90.5% (COV2G assay 78.7%; p<0.0001). S1-RBD antibody levels showed a good correlation with virus neutralization titers (r=0.843; p<0.0001) and an overall qualitative agreement of 98.5%. Finally, median S1-RBD IgG levels increase with age and were significantly higher in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (median levels general ward: 25.7 U/mL; intensive care: 59.5 U/mL) than in outpatients (3.8 U/mL; p<0.0001). Conclusions Performance characteristics of the sCOVG assay have been improved compared to the predecessor test COV2G. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG levels could be used as a surrogate for virus neutralization capacity. Further harmonization of antibody quantification might assist to monitor the humoral immune response after COVID-19 disease or vaccination.

scholarly journals A genetic basis for atrophy: dominant non-responsiveness and helicobacter induced gastritis in F1 hybrid mice

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sutton ◽  
J Wilson ◽  
R Genta ◽  
D Torrey ◽  
A Savinainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Helicobacter Felis ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Hybrid Mice

BACKGROUNDThe importance of host factors in helicobacter induced gastritis has been shown in animal models. Infection of most mouse strains withHelicobacter felis results in a functional atrophic gastritis, while other strains remain gastritis free.AIMSTo investigate these host factors further by using genetic crosses of responder and non-responder mice.METHODSF1 hybrids of the non-responder CBA/Ca strain and three strains of mice known to develop H felis induced gastritis were infected for three months with H felis. Gastritis was assessed by histopathology and serum antibody responses by ELISA.RESULTSInfection of CBA/Ca mice and F1 hybrids induced little or no gastritis. Analyses of the antibody responses in these mice revealed virtually undetectable anti-helicobacter antibody levels despite colonisation with high numbers of H felis. In contrast, infection of H felis responsive strains induced gastritis and a significant humoral immune response.CONCLUSIONSThe non-responsiveness of CBA/Ca mice to H felis infection is dominantly inherited. The lack of gastritis in CBA mice and their offspring is probably due to active suppression of the immune response normally mounted against H felis. Investigation of these mechanisms will provide important insights relevant to induction of gastric atrophy and cancer in humans.

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