Ultrasonographic and Radiographic Assessment of Prostate Gland in Perineal Hernia Dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sangwan ◽  
Ramandeep Singh ◽  
N Umeshwori Devi ◽  
Jitender Mohindroo ◽  
Devendra Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Perineal Hernia ◽  
Sacral Promontory ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Radiography System ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Background: Prostate gland affections are considered as common cause for perineal hernia in intact male dogs. Normal prostate gland is usually less distinct, radiographically; however, when enlarged it alters the anatomical position of rectum and urinary bladder and can be distinguished for its objective assessment. Radiography fails to differentiate the parenchymal abnormalities of prostate however, ultrasonography can. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the involvement of prostate gland using radiography and ultrasonography in perineal hernia affected dogs. Methods: Thirty-eight intact male dogs, suffering from perineal hernia and presented during the entire year of 2018, were investigated. Both radiographic (subjective and objective) and ultrasonographic modalities were applied to assess the enlargement of prostate gland. The subjective assessment parameters on radiography (n=38) included the lifting/displacement of rectum from normal position and cranial displacement of urinary bladder. The objective parameters (n=29) included the prostate length and depth measured using inbuilt calliper of computerized radiography system and ultrasonography and comparing it with 70% of the pubic brim to sacral promontory distance. Results: The mean prostatic length was significantly more than the prostate depth on both radiography and ultrasonography. There was a significant positive correlation between the radiographic pubic brim to sacral promontory distance and the prostate length and depth measured on both the diagnostic modalities. The subjective assessment of prostate over emphasized the prostate depth and under estimated the prostate length compared to objective measurements on radiography. There was a significant correlation between the prostate lengths measured on radiography and ultrasonography and the lengths were not significantly different on two diagnostic modalities. Objective analysis on radiography revealed the prostate length and or/depth of 54.72% perineal hernia dogs (15/29) to be more than 70% of pubic brim to sacral promontory distance. In conclusion, the prostate affections may not always be the primary aetiology in dogs suffering from perineal hernia and prior investigation of prostate is recommended as a deciding factor for whether castration should be done a few weeks prior to or simultaneously with the perineal herniorrhaphy. The increased length of the prostate is a better indicator of prostatomegaly than the depth.

Inadvertent iatrogenic prostatectomy and urethrectomy in 2 dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Häußler ◽  
Cetina Thiel ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Martin Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Perineal Hernia ◽  
Total Prostatectomy

AbstractTwo dogs were referred because of dysuria following inadvertent iatrogenic total prostatectomy and urethrectomy. In both cases an existing perineal hernia was not recognized by the referring veterinarians and the caudally herniated prostate gland was diagnosed as a perianal neoplasia and subsequently removed. Both dogs were treated with isolation of the urinary bladder from the urethra and a permanent prepubic cystostomy tube.

An endoscopic approach to the deviated nasal septum – a preliminary study

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Ranjan Nayak ◽  
R. Balakrishnan ◽  
K. Deepak Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Nasal Endoscope ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractThe authors have used the nasal endoscope for the precise identification of pathological abnormalities of the nasal septum in relation to the lateral nasal wall including the osteo-meatal complex and in its ultraconservative management. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacies of endoscope-aided septoplasty (EAS) over traditional septoplasty (TS) in treating the pathological septum and turbinates, performed in 30 cases each. The subjective assessment was carried out by visual analogue scores and objective assessment by nasal endoscopy. This study demonstrates the superiority and limitations of the endoscopic approach in managing a deviated nasal septum and the turbinates. The endoscope-aided technique was found to be more effective in relieving the contact areas and nasal obstruction (p = ≤0.05). The authors advocate a combined approach – an endoscopic approach for inaccessible posterior deviation and the conservative traditional technique for accessible anterior deviation of the nasal septum.

Video Objective Quality Evaluation System Based on the Visual Saliency Map

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 1362-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Lan Wei ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation System

This paper presents the thoughts about application of saliency map to the video objective quality evaluation system. It computes the SMSE and SPSNR values as the objective assessment scores according to the saliency map, and compares with conditional objective evaluation methods as PSNR and MSE. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can well fit the subjective assessment results.

scholarly journals Emotion induction in young and old persons on watching movie segments: Facial expressions reflect subjective ratings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253378
Author(s):  
Svenja Zempelin ◽  
Karolina Sejunaite ◽  
Claudia Lanza ◽  
Matthias W. Riepe
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Mood Change

Film clips are established to induce or intensify mood states in young persons. Fewer studies address induction of mood states in old persons. Analysis of facial expression provides an opportunity to substantiate subjective mood states with a psychophysiological variable. We investigated healthy young (YA; n = 29; age 24.4 ± 2.3) and old (OA; n = 28; age 69.2 ± 7.4) participants. Subjects were exposed to film segments validated in young adults to induce four basic emotions (anger, disgust, happiness, sadness). We analyzed subjective mood states with a 7-step Likert scale and facial expressions with an automated system for analysis of facial expressions (FaceReader™ 7.0, Noldus Information Technology b.v.) for both the four target emotions as well as concomitant emotions. Mood expressivity was analysed with the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ) and the Short Suggestibility Scale (SSS). Subjective mood intensified in all target emotions in the whole group and both YA and OA subgroups. Facial expressions of mood intensified in the whole group for all target emotions except sadness. Induction of happiness was associated with a decrease of sadness in both subjective and objective assessment. Induction of sadness was observed with subjective assessment and accompanied by a decrease of happiness in both subjective and objective assessment. Regression analysis demonstrated pre-exposure facial expressions and personality factors (BEQ, SSS) to be associated with the intensity of facial expression on mood induction. We conclude that mood induction is successful regardless of age. Analysis of facial expressions complement self-assessment of mood and may serve as a means of objectification of mood change. The concordance between self-assessment of mood change and facial expression is modulated by personality factors.

scholarly journals Perineal hernia repair using polypropylene mesh in three female Jaffarabadi buffaloes - a short communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-332
Author(s):  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
◽  
Foram A. Asodiya ◽  
Shruti D. Vora ◽  
Vivek K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Perineal Hernia ◽  
Hernia Recurrence ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Periodic Examination

This study reports a rare unilateral perineal hernia in three mature female Jaffarabadi buffaloes. The buffaloes presented with a unilateral swelling lateral to the vulvar lip. Upon palpation, the swelling was painless, soft and reducible. Ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic hernia sac containing the urinary bladder and or motile intestine, with homogenous hypoechoic contents. The perineal hernia was repaired using polypropylene mesh after the repositioning of the retroflexed urinary bladder and/or large intestine. The clinical outcome, including postoperative complications and hernia recurrence, was found via periodic examination and telephone calls. No complications were observed for 6 months of follow-up and all the buffaloes had excellent outcomes.

scholarly journals An analysis of the objective and subjective evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Valeriy Nikolaevich Egiev ◽  
Yuliya Borisovna Mayorova ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Zorin ◽  
Anastasiya Vladimirovna Мелеshko ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Orlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Excess Body Weight

The results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity usually considers a variety of factors and the main attention is paid to the dynamics of body weight after surgery. It is generally accepted that in the absence of reducing excess body weight or with minimum weight loss (a few kilograms), the result is considered unsatisfactory. The aim of the work was to compare an objective assessment of gastric bypass (GBS) and gastric banding (GB) and the subjective evaluation of treatment effectiveness by patients themselves. The study included 457 (69.7%) patients that underwent GB and 198 (30.3%) patients after GBS. At the late postoperative period 243 patients (53.2%) were available after the GB and 112 (56.6%) patients after GBS. The frequency of matches between objective and subjective assessment of outcomes of surgery usually did not exceed 50%. Given this, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the results of bariatric surgery. Developed multicomponent scale allows to evaluate the effectiveness of any bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Effect of Digital Noise Reduction of Hearing Aids on Music and Speech Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Hyo Jeong Kim ◽  
Jae Hee Lee ◽  
Hyun Joon Shim
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Korean Music ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Assessment Tests

Background and Objectives: Although many studies have evaluated the effect of the digital noise reduction (DNR) algorithm of hearing aids (HAs) on speech recognition, there are few studies on the effect of DNR on music perception. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of DNR on music, in addition to speech perception, using objective and subjective measurements. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen HA users participated in this study (58.00±10.44 years; 3 males and 13 females). The objective assessment of speech and music perception was based on the Korean version of the Clinical Assessment of Music Perception test and word and sentence recognition scores. Meanwhile, for the subjective assessment, the quality rating of speech and music as well as self-reported HA benefits were evaluated. Results: There was no improvement conferred with DNR of HAs on the objective assessment tests of speech and music perception. The pitch discrimination at 262 Hz in the DNR-off condition was better than that in the unaided condition (<i>p</i>=0.024); however, the unaided condition and the DNR-on conditions did not differ. In the Korean music background questionnaire, responses regarding ease of communication were better in the DNR-on condition than in the DNR-off condition (<i>p</i>=0.029). Conclusions: Speech and music perception or sound quality did not improve with the activation of DNR. However, DNR positively influenced the listener’s subjective listening comfort. The DNR-off condition in HAs may be beneficial for pitch discrimination at some frequencies.

scholarly journals The role of the androgen receptor as a driver and mitigator of cellular stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. R19-R33
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Doultsinos ◽  
Ian Mills
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Mtor Activity

Prostate cancer is a high-incidence male cancer, which is dependent on the activity of a nuclear hormone receptor, the androgen receptor (AR). Since the AR is required for both normal prostate gland development and for prostate cancer progression, it is possible that prostate cancer evolves from perturbations in AR-dependent biological processes that sustain specialist glandular functions. The archetypal example of course is the use of prostate specific antigen (PSA), an organ-type specific component of the normal prostate secretome, as a biomarker of prostate cancer. Furthermore, localised prostate cancer is characterised by a low proliferative index and a heterogenous array of somatic mutations aligned to a multifocal disease pattern. We and others have identified a number of biological processes that are AR dependent and represent aberrations in significant glandular processes. Glands are characterised by high rates of metabolic activity including protein synthesis supported by co-dependent processes such as glycosylation, organelle biogenesis and vesicle trafficking. Impairments in anabolic metabolism and in protein folding/processing will inevitably impose proteotoxic and oxidative stress on glandular cells and, in particular, luminal epithelial cells for which secretion is their primary function. As cancer develops there is also significant metabolic dysregulation including impaired negative feedback effects on glycolytic and anabolic activity under conditions of hypoxia and heightened protein synthesis due to dysregulated PI 3-kinase/mTOR activity. In this review we will focus on the components of the AR regulome that support cancer development as well as glandular functions focussing on the unfolded protein response and on regulators of mTOR activity.

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