Prototype Pentavalent Bovine Leptospira Vaccines Blended with Oil Adjuvant Provides Protection and Prevents Renal Colonization in Guinea Pig Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Senthilkumar ◽  
R.P. Aravindhbabu ◽  
G. Ravikumar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Aluminium Hydroxide ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Produce Cell ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Bovine Leptospirosis

Background: Leptospirosis significantly impacts the economy of livestock farmers by causing reproductive failure and production losses in bovines. The control of bovine leptospirosis requires a combination of vaccination programme, biosecurity measures and chemotherapeutic regimens. Vaccination protect the clinical diseases and reduces/prevents renal colonisation of Leptospires and in turn reduces excretion of leptospires in urine which is a major source of environmental contamination. Some serovars of leptospires require cell mediated immunity apart from humoral immunity. This study was undertaken to develop prototype vaccine with prevalent serogroups to induce humoral and cell mediated immunity. Immunogenicity of the prototype vaccines and their safety were assessed experimentally in Guinea pigs.Methods: An inactivated oil adjuvant prototype pentavalent bovine leptospira vaccines with serogroups Australis, Hebdomadis, Hardjo, Javanica and Pomona which were prevalent in Tamil Nadu were developed and compared with the aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant vaccine. The humoral immune response was assessed measuring antibodies by Microscopic Agglutination Test and Cell Mediated Immune response was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The ability of these vaccines to protect Guinea pigs against virulent Leptospires challenge was also demonstrated.Result: The prototype vaccine blended with oil adjuvants resulted in higher protective antibody titres of more than 6.64 log2 (≥1:100) than the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant blended vaccine. The protective antibody titres lasted upto 180 days, except for serogroup Javanica (150 days). The Montanide adjuvants were able to produce cell mediated immune response for protection against serovar Hardjo. Challenge study in guinea pigs showed complete protection following vaccination using pentavalent vaccine blended with Montanide adjuvants, while the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant was able to confer only partial protection. The Montanide blended prototype vaccines were also able to prevent renal colonisation of all five serogroups. This study shows the potential of the oil adjuvant blended multivalent vaccine for use in vaccination programmes against bovine leptospirosis.

Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing the Neospora caninum surface protein NcSRS2 in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanzhong Zhao ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Jinshu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mammalian Expression ◽  
Antibody Titres

The immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing the surface protein NcSRS2 of Neospora caninum was studied in BALB/c mice. The NcSRS2-encoding DNA was obtained by PCR amplification of the NcSRS2 ORF gene from the p43 plasmid encoding the N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2, ligated to the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+) and propagated in E. coli DH5α to produce the N. caninum NcSRS2 DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunised by two intramuscular injections of the DNA vaccine with or without complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Serum antibody titres and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and splenocyte proliferation and cytokine expression were measured after immunisation. The DNA vaccine induced T-cell-mediated immunity as shown by significantly increased NO concentrations, cytokine gene (IL-2 and IFN-γ) expression, and NcSRS2 protein-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in mice immunised with the DNA vaccine. The vaccine also induced weak humoral immunity. The immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine was slightly enhanced by CFA. The immune response was specific to NcSRS2. No immune response was observed in mice immunised with the pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+) vector alone.

scholarly journals Cell-Mediated Immune Response during Primary Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 7156-7158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Halme ◽  
J. Latvala ◽  
R. Karttunen ◽  
I. Palatsi ◽  
P. Saikku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response

ABSTRACT The development of Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific cell-mediated immunity was studied during a primary C. pneumoniae infection. The immune response was detected as positive lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of interferon gamma.C. pneumoniae-induced activation of both CD4+and CD8+ T cells was detected in the early phase of infection, but activation of only CD4+ T cells was detected in the later stage.

Effect of graded concentration of organic Zinc (Zinc glycinate) on antioxidants status and immune response in commercial broilers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sridhar ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi ◽  
D. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
S. V. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Organic Zn

One hundred and twenty day old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 4 dietary groups, with 6 replicates of 5 birds in each and reared for 42 days under uniform management conditions to study the effect of organic zinc (zinc glycinate; Zn-gly) supplemented at lower levels (30, 20 and 10 ppm) on antioxidant status and immune response in comparison to NRC (1994) recommended levels (40 ppm) of Zn supplemented from inorganic source (ZnSO4). The dietary treatments were corn soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 40 ppm Zn from ZnSO4 (inorganic) (control) and 30, 20 and 10 ppm Zn from Zn-gly (organic). Antioxidant enzyme levels and antibody titres against New castle disease (ND) vaccine (humoral immunity) were estimated on 35th d and oxidative stress markers from liver on 42nd d. On 40th d, the cell mediated immunity (CMI) was assessed as cutaneous basophilic hypertrophy to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). The lipid peroxidation in haemolysate (P<0.05) lowered in birds with 30 ppm Zn supplemented as Zn-gly compared to 20 and 10 ppm Zn from Zn-gly and 40 ppm Zn from ZnSO4. The Glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was higher (P<0.05) with 30 ppm Zn as Zn-gly compared to control. The CMI was sgnificantly (P<0.05) high at 30 ppm Zn supplemented as Zn-gly compared to 40 ppm Zn as ZnSO4 and other organic Zn groups. The SOD activity, humoral and cell mediated immune resonse when fed 20 ppm Zn as Zn-gly was comparable to those on 40 ppm Zn as ZnSO4. The results of the study indicated that reducing the level of Zn from inorganic source (40 ppm) to 50 % (20 ppm) supplementation from Zn-gly can result in comparable immune and antioxidant status in broiler chicks.

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in mice during experimental infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
M. Kishima ◽  
C. Kuniyasu ◽  
M. Eguchi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Mycoplasma Pulmonis ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Indirect Haemagglutination ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Titres

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in mice after challenge exposure with Mycoplasma pulmonis were investigated. The cell-mediated immune response was determined by means of the delayed-type footpad swelling and the humoral immune response by means of the indirect haemagglutination test. Delayed-type footpad swelling and serum antibody titres were detected at one week after the challenge exposure and persisted for 7 weeks until the end of the experiment. However, there was a poor correlation between the degree of delayed-type footpad swelling and that of serum antibody titre. Delayed-type footpad swelling in mice with gross pneumonic lesions was less than that of mice with no gross lesions. A weak negative linear correlation was observed between the delayed-type footpad swelling and the number of M. pulmonis isolated from lungs.

scholarly journals Markers of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in primary autoimmune hypophysitis: a pilot study

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chiloiro ◽  
Antonella Giampietro ◽  
Flavia Angelini ◽  
Vincenzo Arena ◽  
Egidio Stigliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Autoimmune Hypophysitis ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

Abstract Introduction Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAHs) is a rare inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland. Although largely investigated, the pathogenesis of PAH is not completely clarified. We aimed to investigate the immune response in PAHs. Material and methods Serum anti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus antibodies (respectively APAs and AHAs) were investigated though an indirect immunofluorescence on monkey hypophysis and hypothalamus slides, serum cytokines though an array membrane and cell-mediated immunity though the white blood cells count. Results Nineteen PAH cases entered the study. APA or AHA were identified in all cases. APA were detected in 13 patients (68.4%) and AHA in 13 patients (68.4%). Ten patients (52.6%) were simultaneously positive for both APA and AHA. The prevalence of APAs and AHAs was higher as compared to those observed in 50 health controls (respectively 14% p < 0.001 and 24% p = 0.004) and in 100 not-secreting pituitary adenoma (NFPAs) (respectively 22% p = 0.002 and 8% p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of simultaneous positivity for APA and AHA (52.9%) was higher as compared to the those detected in patients affected by NFPAs (0%; p < 0.001) and in health controls (16% p = 0.002). No differences were identified between PAHs and controls at qualitative and quantitative analysis of serum cytokines and white blood cells count. Conclusions This study suggest that APA and AHA may be detected in an high percentage of PAH cases and that their simultaneous identification may be useful for the differential diagnosis between PAH and NFPAs, in an appropriate clinical context.

scholarly journals Tolerance and humoral immune response to the yellow fever vaccine in sickle cell disease children treated with hydroxyurea: a multicentre prospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berengere Koehl ◽  
Camille Aupiais ◽  
Nelly Schinckel ◽  
Pierre Mornand ◽  
Marie-Hélène Odièvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titres

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) children are frequent travellers to countries where yellow fever (YF) is endemic, but there are no data regarding the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in such children treated with hydroxyurea (HU). The main objective of this study was to compare the tolerance and immune response to YF vaccination in SCD children treated or not with HU. Method SCD children &lt; 18 years attending the international travel clinics of three large paediatric centres and requiring a first YF vaccination were included in a prospective study. Adverse events were collected 2 weeks after vaccination. YF vaccine antibody titres were measured ~6 months after vaccination. Results Among the 52 SCD children vaccinated against YF, 17 (33%) were treated with HU. Only mild adverse events, mainly fever and local reaction, were observed in the HU group with a similar frequency in the non-HU group (57 and 35%, respectively, P = 0.30). YF antibody titres were measured in 15/17 patients in the HU group and 23/35 patients in the non-HU group after a median of 6.0 months (3.5–8.5) following vaccination. The geometric mean of YF antibody titre was similar in both groups. A protective antibody level was observed in 85% of the children in the HU group vs 100% in the non-HU group (P = 0.14), suggesting a lower effectiveness of the vaccine in patients on HU similarly to what has been described in patients on immune suppressive therapy for other vaccines. Conclusion YF vaccination seems to be safe and efficient in SCD children treated with HU. Considering the potential risk of severe complications in cases of YF while travelling in Africa for those patients, the benefit-to-risk ratio argues for YF vaccination in all SCD children. Control of a protective antibody titre may also be useful to ascertain an adequate response in those treated with HU.

scholarly journals Vaccination with the major secretory protein of Legionella pneumophila induces cell-mediated and protective immunity in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease.

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Blander ◽  
M A Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

We have examined the capacity of the major secretory protein (MSP) of Legionella pneumophila to induce humoral, cell-mediated, and protective immunity in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease. MSP was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, molecular sieve chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified MSP was nonlethal and nontoxic to guinea pigs upon subcutaneous administration. Guinea pigs immunized with a sublethal dose of aerosolized L. pneumophila or a subcutaneous dose of MSP developed a strong cell-mediated immune response to MSP. Such guinea pigs exhibited marked splenic lymphocyte proliferation and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity to MSP in comparison with control animals. Guinea pigs immunized with MSP also developed a strong humoral immune response to MSP, as assayed by an ELISA. The median reciprocal antibody titer was 362 (range 45 to greater than 2,048) for immunized animals compared with less than 8 for controls. In contrast, guinea pigs immunized with a sublethal dose of L. pneumophila failed to develop anti-MSP antibody. Guinea pigs immunized with MSP and then challenged with a lethal aerosol dose of L. pneumophila exhibited highly significant protective immunity in each of five consecutive experiments. MSP induced protective immunity in dose-dependent fashion (40 greater than 10 greater than 2.5 greater than 0.6 micrograms MSP); vaccination with two doses of as little as 2.5 micrograms MSP induced significant protective immunity (p = 0.01, Fisher's Exact Test, two-tailed). Altogether, 21 (81%) of 26 animals immunized with 40 micrograms MSP survived challenge compared with 0 (0%) of 26 sham-immunized control animals (p = 7 x 10(-10), Fisher's Exact Test, two-tailed). MSP-immunized but not control guinea pigs were able to limit L. pneumophila multiplication in their lungs. This study demonstrates that (a) guinea pigs sublethally infected with L. pneumophila develop a strong cell-mediated immune response to MSP; (b) guinea pigs immunized with MSP develop a strong humoral and cell-mediated immune response to MSP; (c) guinea pigs immunized with MSP develop a very high level of protective immunity to lethal aerosol challenge with L. pneumophila; and (d) MSP-immunized animals are able to limit L. pneumophila multiplication in their lungs. MSP, an extracellular protein of an intracellular pathogen, has potential as a vaccine for the prevention of Legionnaires' disease. Secretory molecules of other intracellular pathogens may also have vaccine potential.

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