Productivity and Economics of Pigeonpea Genotypes as Influenced by Planting Geometry, Growth Retardant 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganajaxi Math ◽  
M.S. Venkatesh ◽  
Gurupada Balol ◽  
S.B. Revanappa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Common Process ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Plot Design

Background: In pigeonpea, nipping is a common process which induces sprouting of secondary and tertiary branches and increases the number of pods/plant. Nipping is tedious process and requires more number of labours. Hence, it is advised to use growth retardant for better source- sink relationship and better fruit retention in pigeonpea. Chlormequat Chloride is well known growth retardant and is quickly metabolized by plants, animals and soil microbes compared to other growth retardants. Current study was planned to know the effect of growth retardants and planting geometry on yield and economics of pigeonpea genotypes.Methods: Experiment conducted during 2014-2015, comprised of twelve treatments and laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Treatments were comprised of two genotypes [BSMR-736 and TS-3(R)], three planting geometry (90 x 20 cm, 120 x 20 cm and 150 x 20 cm) and three nipping practices (without nipping, with nipping and growth retardant chlormequat chloride spray @3ml/l). Result: Pooled data of two years indicated that planting geometry of 120 x 20 cm was significantly higher in grain yield (2408 kg/ha) over others. Spraying of growth retardant chlormequot chloride recorded the highest yield (2368 kg/ha) over nipping at 50 DAS (2138 kg/ha) and without nipping (2091 kg/ha). Net returns and B:C ratio were obtained significantly at highest level with the planting of BSMR-736 genotype at 120 x 20 cm along with spraying of chlormequot chloride at 70 DAS. Phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities were un-affected by the spray of chloromequat chloride.

Biofortification of Zn and Fe in Chickpea through Agronomic Intervention in Medium Black Soils of Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandit S. Rathod ◽  
D.H. Patil ◽  
S.B. Bellad ◽  
Rachappa V. Haveri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Plot Design

Background: Bio-fortification, the process of integrating nutrients into food crops, provides a sustainable and economic way of increasing the density of micronutrients in important staple crops. Agronomic bio-fortification is the easiest, practicable and fastest way for bio-fortification of pulse grains with Fe, Zn, or other desirable micronutrients. Increasing micronutrient rich foods and improving dietary diversity will substantially reduce micronutrient disorders.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the post rainy seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur (Karnataka) to know the effect of soil and foliar fertilization of Zn and Fe on chickpea genotypes. Two genotypes (Annigeri 1 and JG 11) and six fertilization treatments (Control, 0.5% Zn, 0.1% Fe, Zn + Fe, seed treatment with 2 g Zn kg-1 seeds and soil application of Zn) were tested in medium black soils in split plot design with three replications.Result: The pooled data of three seasons indicated that the genotype JG 11, performed better than Annigeri 1 in terms of seed yield (1309 kgha-1), net returns (₹ 31634ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.52). On biofortification of Zn and Fe, foliar fertilization of Zn @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.1% at flowering stage recorded significantly higher grain yield (1321 kgha-1), net returns (₹ 31179ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.44) over rest of the treatments. Further, foliar fertilization of Zn + Fe had significant influence on nutrient concentration (Zn and Fe) in chickpea grains. Thus, it could be concluded that combined biofortification of Zn + Fe to chickpea crop could be the viable agronomic intervention for getting higher productivity and nutritional security.

Planting pattern and phosphorus management in pigeonpea and mungbean intercropping system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Math ◽  
M. Udikeri ◽  
L.G. Jaggal ◽  
Yamanura .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad during rainy season of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of planting pattern and phosphorus management on production and profitability of intercropping system of mungbean and pigeonpea. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications and eight treatments. Among them, four planting patterns [sole pigeonpea, mungbean + pigeonpea 1:3 (120 cm x 20 cm), mungbean + pigeonpea 1:2 (90 cm x 20 cm) and mungbean + pigeonpea 2:2 (90 cm x 20 cm)] were main plot treatments and two phosphorus levels (P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1 and P2O5 @ 75 kg ha-1) were sub plot treatments. Based on pooled data the results revealed that, the significantly higher mungbean seed yield (424 kg ha-1) was recorded with application of 75 kg P2O5 as compared to 50 kg P2O5 ha-1. Whereas, in planting pattern, sole mungbean recorded significantly higher seed yield (757 kg ha-1) as compared to all other intercropping systems. Yield advantage indices and net returns were significantly higher in pigeonpea + mungbean (1:3) with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 as compared to other treatments. This study indicated the need of fifty per cent higher dose of P2O5 for the pigeonpea and mungbean intercropping system (1:3) in northern transition zone of Karnataka.

scholarly journals POINSETTIA DEVELOPMENTAL AND POST-PRODUCTION RESPONSES TO GROWTH RETARDANTS AND IRRADIANCE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071g-1071
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Bailey ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Post Production ◽  
Lower Irradiance

Plants of Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind. `Glory' were grown under 13.4, 8.5, or 4.0 mol·m-2·day-1 and sprayed with water (control); 2500 mg·liter-1 daminozide + 1500 mg·liter-1 chlormequat chloride (D+C); 62.5 mg·liter-1 paclobutrazol; or 4, 8, 12 or 16 mg·liter-1 uniconazole to ascertain plant developmental and pest-production responses to the treatment combinations. Days to anthesis increased as irradiance was decreased. Anthesis was delayed by the D+C treatment, while other growth retardant (GR) treatments had no effect on anthesis. Irradiance did not affect plant height at anthesis, but all GR treatments decreased height over control plants. Bract display and bract canopy display diameters declined as irradiance was decreased. Growth retardants did not affect individual bract display diameters, but all GR treatments except paclobutrazol reduced bract canopy display diameter. Plants grown under lower irradiance had fewer axillary buds develop, fewer bract displays per plant, and fewer cyathia per bract display. Cyathia abscission during a 30 day post-anthesis evaluation was not affected by treatment; however, plant leaf drop was linearly proportional to irradiance. All GR treatments increased leaf drop over controls, and the D+C treated plants had the highest leaf loss. Results indicate the irradiance and GR treatments during production can affect poinsettia crop timing, plant quality at maturity, and subsequent post-production performance.

scholarly journals Poinsettia Developmental and Postproduction Responses to Growth Retardants and Irradiance

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1501-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Bailey ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Irradiance Level ◽  
Butanedioic Acid

Plants of Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind. `Glory' were grown under total irradiances of 13.4, 8.5, or 4.0 mol·m-2·day-1 and sprayed with water (control), 2500 mg daminozide/liter + 1500 mg chlormequat chloride/liter (D + C), 62.5 mg paclobutrazol/liter, or 4, 8, 12, or 16 mg uniconazole/liter to ascertain plant developmental and postproduction responses to treatment combinations. Anthesis was delayed for plants grown under the lowest irradiance. Anthesis was delayed by the D + C treatment, whereas other growth retardant treatments had no effect on anthesis date. Irradiance did not affect plant height at anthesis, but all growth retardant treatments decreased height over control plants. Inflorescence and bract canopy diameters were decreased at the lowest irradiance level. Growth retardants did not affect individual inflorescence diameters, but all, except paclobutrazol and 4 and 8 mg uniconazole/liter, reduced bract canopy diameter compared with control plants. Plants grown under the lowest irradiance developed fewer inflorescences per plant and fewer cyathia per inflorescence. Cyathia abscission during a 30-day postanthesis evaluation increased as irradiance was decreased; cyathia abscission was unaffected by growth retardant treatment. Leaf abscission after 30 days postanthesis was lowest for plants grown under the lowest irradiance. At 30 days postanthesis, all growth retardant treatments increased leaf abscission over controls. Results indicate that irradiance and growth retardant treatments during production can affect poinsettia crop timing, plant quality at maturity, and subsequent postproduction performance. Chemical names used: 2-chloroethyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat chloride); butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethyl hydrazide) (daminozide); β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]- α -(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol), (E)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-l-penten-3-ol (uniconazole, XE-1019).

scholarly journals POINSETTIA DEVELOPMENTAL AND POST-PRODUCTION RESPONSES TO GROWTH RETARDANTS AND IRRADIANCE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071G-1071
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Bailey ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Post Production ◽  
Lower Irradiance

Plants of Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind. `Glory' were grown under 13.4, 8.5, or 4.0 mol·m-2·day-1 and sprayed with water (control); 2500 mg·liter-1 daminozide + 1500 mg·liter-1 chlormequat chloride (D+C); 62.5 mg·liter-1 paclobutrazol; or 4, 8, 12 or 16 mg·liter-1 uniconazole to ascertain plant developmental and pest-production responses to the treatment combinations. Days to anthesis increased as irradiance was decreased. Anthesis was delayed by the D+C treatment, while other growth retardant (GR) treatments had no effect on anthesis. Irradiance did not affect plant height at anthesis, but all GR treatments decreased height over control plants. Bract display and bract canopy display diameters declined as irradiance was decreased. Growth retardants did not affect individual bract display diameters, but all GR treatments except paclobutrazol reduced bract canopy display diameter. Plants grown under lower irradiance had fewer axillary buds develop, fewer bract displays per plant, and fewer cyathia per bract display. Cyathia abscission during a 30 day post-anthesis evaluation was not affected by treatment; however, plant leaf drop was linearly proportional to irradiance. All GR treatments increased leaf drop over controls, and the D+C treated plants had the highest leaf loss. Results indicate the irradiance and GR treatments during production can affect poinsettia crop timing, plant quality at maturity, and subsequent post-production performance.

Productive potential of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotypes in different planting geometry under protective irrigation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Channabasavanna ◽  
H. Rajakumar ◽  
M. S. Kitturmath ◽  
A. M. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Agricultural Research Station ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Malnoor, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur on vertisols during kharif seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 to study the productive potential of pigeonpea genotypes in different planting geometry under protective irrigation. The experiment consisted of three genotypes (BSMR-736, TS-3R and Laksmi) and seven planting geometry ( 90 x 20 cm, 120 x20 cm, 120 x 60 cm, 120 x 90 cm, 150 x 20 cm, 150 x 60 cm and 150 x 90 cm). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that among three genotypes tested, BSMR-736 (1667 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher grain yield over Laksmi (1369 kg/ha) and TS-3R (823 kg/ha). With respect to planting geometry, 90 x 20 cm, 120x20 cm and 150x20 cm recorded the highest grain yield, net returns and B:C irrespective of the genotypes. The interaction between genotypes and planting geometry showed that the genotype BSMR-736 planted at 150X20 cm recorded the highest grain yield (2322 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 64421/ha) and B:C (4.37).

Optimizing crop geometry and nutrient management for yield, water productivity and economics of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Joshi ◽  
D.S. Sasode ◽  
R.S. Sikarwar ◽  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
B.S. Kasana
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 at College of Agriculture, Gwalior. To optimise plant population and fertility levels an experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice in fixed plots and the test variety of the crop groundnut (Mallika) was used. The plant geometry of 30 × 10 cm, 25 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm was adopted with three fertility levels as 75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield and economics were increased by optimization of plant geometry and nutrient management under kharif groundnut. Sowing of crop at 30×10 cm spacing resulted in 7.3 and 4.3 % higher pod yield over 25×10 cm and 20×10 cm spacing, respectively and 3.0 % higher haulm yield over 25×10 cm. Similarly, application of 125% RDF resulted in 3.0 and 9.3 % higher pod yield over 100% RDF and 75% RDF, respectively but application of 100% RDF resulted in 18.6% higher haulm yield over 75% RDF and was at par with 125 % RDF application. The highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio was obtained at the spacing of 30×10 cm with 125% RDF.

scholarly journals Growth retardants in wheat and its effect in physiological quality of seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Torres de Souza ◽  
Marcelo Curitiba Espíndula ◽  
Valterley Soares Rocha ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽  
Moacil Alves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
Hierarchical Scheme

Plant lodging in wheat has been controlled through growth retardants. However, there is lack of information on the effect of these products on the physiological quality of seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of wheat seeds obtained under different rates and application times of three growth retardants. The trial was carried out in Viçosa-MG, from May to September 2005, in a factorial and hierarchical scheme, in randomized block design with four replications and a control treatment. The treatments consisted of 500, 1000 and 1500g ha-1 of chlormequat; 40, 80 and 120g ha-1 of paclobutrazol and 62.5, 125 and 187.5g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl applied at the 6 or 8 growth stage based on the scale of Feeks and Large, and a control treatment without growth retardant application. Leaf application of growth retardants as chlormequat, paclobutrazol and trinexapac-ethyl did not affect the germination and vigor of wheat seeds.

scholarly journals Growth Retardant Application to Canna × generalis ‘Florence Vaughan’

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
L.L. Bruner ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J.R. Kessler ◽  
C.H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Canna Generalis ◽  
Suppression Effects

Abstract The effects of 15 to 45 ppm Cutless (flurprimidol), 2500/1500 to 7500/1500 ppm B-Nine/Cycocel tank mixes (daminozide/chlormequatchloride), and 20 to 60 ppm Sumagic (uniconazole) on the vegetative growth and flowering of Canna x generalis ‘Florence Vaughan’ were determined during container nursery production and landscape establishment. Vegetative heights 30 and 60 days after treatment (DAT) and vegetative and inflorescence heights at first and second flower were suppressed by all plant growth retardants (PGRs). There was no delay in flowering of the first inflorescence from any PGR treatment, and a three to seven day delay in flowering of the second inflorescence with only Sumagic. Vegetative height was suppressed quadratically 14–28% (30 DAT) and linearly 19–40% (60 DAT) by increasing Cutless rates. Inflorescence heights of plants treated with 15 or 30 ppm Cutless were suppressed proportionally to foliage heights without any detrimental effect on floral display. Heights of plants treated with Cutless and transplanted into the landscape at 60 DAT were similar to those remaining in containers at 90 DAT, and 7 cm (3 in) and 11 cm (3.5 in) taller at 120 and 150 DAT, respectively. Vegetative heights of plants in both locations were suppressed linearly by Cutless, 15–33% (90 DAT) and 7–12% (120 DAT) with height suppression effects dissipating by 150 DAT. Vegetative height was suppressed quadratically by B-Nine/Cycocel, 5–14% and 16–28% at 30 and 60 DAT, respectively. However, response was inconsistent with rate at all sampling dates both in containers and in the landscape. B-Nine/Cycocel treated plants were suppressed quadratically up to 33% (90 DAT) and up to 17% (120 DAT). Plants transplanted and treated with B-Nine/Cycocel were suppressed linearly 14–23% (90 DAT) and 6–16% (120 DAT). At 150 DAT, BNine/Cycocel treated plants were similar in height to control plants, with transplanted plants around 10 cm (4 in) taller than those remaining in containers. Sumagic suppressed vegetative height quadratically 28–33% (30 DAT) and 50–52% (60 DAT). At 60 DAT, the height suppression was excessive and leaf orientation was altered to a less upright position. Inflorescence height suppression by Sumagic was considered excessive with first and second flower occurring below the surrounding foliage. Compared to those transplanted into the landscape at 60 DAT, plants treated with Sumagic and remaining in containers were 12% (90 DAT), 36% (120 DAT), and 37% (150 DAT) shorter. In both locations, Sumagic suppressed vegetative height quadratically 46% (90 DAT) and 29% (120 DAT) compared to control plants. Compared to control plants, at 150 DAT, treated plants remaining in containers were suppressed to a greater extent (32–43%) than those transplanted into the landscape (11–14%).

scholarly journals Pink Polka-Dot Plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya) Response to Growth Retardants

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
James T. Foley ◽  
Gary J. Keever
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Spray Applications

Abstract Pink polka-dot plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak., was treated with one or two foliar spray applications of Bonzi (paclobutrazol) (25, 50, or 100 ppm), Cycocel (chlormequat chloride) (3500 ppm) or B-Nine (daminozide) (3500 ppm) to suppress shoot elongation. One or two applications of 3500 ppm Cycocel (chlormequat chloride) retarded shoot elongation, resulting in consistently mounded plants. Bonzi (paclobutrazol) and B-Nine (daminozide) also suppressed shoot elongation but to a lesser degree, and plants were not uniform.

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