Alteration in b-1, 3 glucanase and chitinase activity in chickpea varieties infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Shukla ◽  
K. P. Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Race 4

Alterations in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity during host-pathogen interaction were studied in chickpea varieties JCP 27 (resistant) and JG 62 (susceptible) to vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4. The enzyme activities were analyzed in root, stem and leaf tissues at three stages viz., pre-infection, infection and post-infection in normal and inoculated soil. The b-1,3 glucanase activity in root, stem and leaf tissues of susceptible variety found higher than those of resistant one at all the stages of infection under inoculated condition.. The chitinase activity in root and leaf tissues of susceptible variety was higher than the resistant variety at all infection stages in inoculated soil, whereas in stem tissue the activity level was higher in resistant variety at pre-infection and infection stages. Overall result revealed that b-1,3 glucanase showed higher induction with increase in inoculums pressure of the fungal pathogen, whereas hydrolytic enzyme chitinase was induced only when inoculum pressure of the fungal pathogen was severe.

Polyamine Modulation by antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Suthar ◽  
R. M. Patel ◽  
D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Pgpr Traits

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is pivotal source of protein for vegetarian diet, however, its productivity is adversely affected by wilt disease. Non pathogenic rhizospheric microorganism’s leads to induce resistance and are found to be effective in management of this disease. The polyamines (PAs) content and its metabolism are the key in plant microbial interaction, so the alteration in PAs viz. spermidine (SPD), spermine (SPM) and putresine (PTR) in chickpea by Bacillus substilis isolate K18 (BS-K18) effective antagonist (75%) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc) and having PGPR traits was analyzed under Foc stress. The higher PAs content was reported in resistant variety (WR-315) compared to susceptible variety (JG-62). The PTR was dominant PA present in chickpea, further overall root tissue reported higher PA content as compared to leaves tissue. The PA content was constitutively improved by B. subtilis seed treatment in resistant and susceptible varieties. The Foc stress leads to induction of PA content in leaves and root tissue, where its content was higher in resistant variety as compared to susceptible variety. The BS-K18 seed treatment under Foc stress leads to induction of PA content as compared to both treatments alone, the SPD and SPM were more induced in leaves and root tissue of susceptible variety whereas PTR was more induces in resistant variety. Overall, polyamines were induced up to 3 DAT then after decline suggest their early role in plant defence mechanism, further PTR was found to be dominating polyamine during chickpea-Foc interaction under BS-K18 treatment. The Bacillus subtilis seed treatment leads to improve wilt tolerance in susceptible var. JG-62 through modulation of PAs, the same mechanism also helped to enhanced effectiveness of resistant var. WR-315.

scholarly journals Genome Data of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Tropical Race 4 Isolates Using Long-Read Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1270-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzi Yun ◽  
Aixia Song ◽  
JianDong Bao ◽  
Shasha Chen ◽  
Songmao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Chromosome Level

Fusarium wilt of banana is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. We generated two chromosome-level assemblies of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 and tropical race 4 strains using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 and tropical race 4 assemblies had 35 and 29 contigs with contig N50 lengths of 2.08 and 4.28 Mb, respectively. These two new references genomes represent a greater than 100-fold improvement over the contig N50 statistics of the previous short-read-based F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense assemblies. The two high-quality assemblies reported here will be a valuable resource for the comparative analysis of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense races at the pathogenic level.

MICROBIAL GROWTH FACTORS IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE OF FLAX VARIETIES TO FUSARIUM WILT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Lochhead ◽  
F. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Growth Promoting

A comparison was made of growth factor requirements and growth factor synthesizing capacity of bacteria from the root surface and from the seeds of flax varieties resistant and susceptible, respectively, to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. lini. The percentage of bacteria from both root and seed which required growth-promoting substances was greater with the resistant ('Bison') than with the susceptible ('Novelty') variety. On the other hand bacteria capable of synthesizing growth factors were proportionately more abundant with the susceptible variety. The findings indicate a more pronounced rhizosphere effect exerted by the susceptible than by the resistant variety, and point to circumstances that favor a greater accumulation (or 'turnover') of vitamins and related substances at the root surface of susceptible plants.Two strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. lini capable of inducing wilt required no vitamins for growth; thiamine had a depressing effect. Both strains were able to synthesize various growth factors, though in different degree. Culture filtrates of bacteria from roots of the two varieties of flax showed no difference in their effect on growth of Fusarium; however, bacteria from the resistant variety showed somewhat greater ability to depress Fusarium than those from the susceptible. Though the findings do not constitute evidence of any relationship between differences in growth factor relationships to pathogenic potential of Fusarium, they suggest the value of considering growth-promoting substances in studies of the effect of nutrition on the activity of soil-borne pathogens.

SOIL MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAX ROOTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
J. W. Rouatt
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Generic Composition ◽  
Disease Free

The root microflora of Bison flax, resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. lini, was compared with that of the wilt-susceptible variety Novelty. Plants grown in "disease-free" soil show that the susceptible variety harbors not only the most numerous, but also the most metabolically active bacterial flora on its roots. Generic classification of bacterial isolates shows a higher incidence of more active organisms, represented by Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium on roots of the susceptible crop, whereas the more slowly growing pleomorphic types such as Arthrobacter were most abundant on roots of the resistant variety. Fungi were also more numerous on roots of the susceptible crop, but the generic composition of rhizosphere populations of both varieties was similar to that of the soil itself. Fusarium oxysporum dominated the flora occurring in an active mycelial state on roots of the susceptible variety, whereas F. oxysporum and Phoma sp. were codominants in the active flora of the resistant crop. Tests with other soils showed that dominance of specific genera varies with soil type. The results indicate a selective action on the root microflora, particularly the bacteria, and suggest both quantitative and qualitative differences in root environments of the two flax varieties.

scholarly journals SGE1 is involved in conidiation and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingrong Hou ◽  
Bang An ◽  
Qiannan Wang ◽  
Yunfeng Guo ◽  
Hongli Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Race 4

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4 (Foc TR4) causes vascular wilt diseases in banana (Musa spp.). In the present study, the role of SGE1 in regulating growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of Foc TR4 was investigated. Deletion of SGE1 did not influence vegetative growth but impaired the conidiation of Foc TR4. Besides, the SGE1 deletion mutant basically lost pathogenicity on banana plantlets. Observation under the microscope indicated that the penetration and colonization processes were severely impaired in the SGE1 deletion mutant. Proteomics analysis suggested that SGE1 regulated the production of a series of proteins of Foc TR4. Taken together, our results suggest that SGE1 plays an important role in regulating conidiation and pathogenicity in fungal pathogen Foc TR4.

Ultrastructure of the vascular responses of tobacco to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotianae

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Mueller ◽  
A. T. Morgham
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Polygenic Resistance ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Eventual Death

The reactions of a broadleaf tobacco variety polygenically resistant to Fusarium wilt were compared with a susceptible variety. Symptoms of wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of leaves in the susceptible variety were associated with rapid movement of the fungus through the plant, whereas in the resistant variety the fungus was confined to the lower portion of the plant and symptoms occurred only on the lowermost leaves. The responses in the vascular tissue were similar in both varieties but appeared more intense in the resistant variety. Lipoidal wall coatings and occlusions occurred in the initially infected vessels. Apposition layers containing callose were deposited in the contact cells within 1 day of inoculation. Lipoidal occlusions occurred in the secondarily infected vessels, but apposition layers were not detected in the contact cells. Tyloses were not observed. Resistance is associated with the localization and slower movement of the fungus that is reflected in the observable differences in symptom development. Keywords: contact cells, Nicotiana tabacum, polygenic resistance, vascular occlusion.

scholarly journals The M35 Metalloprotease Effector FocM35_1 Is Required for Full Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Zhang ◽  
Huoqing Huang ◽  
Bangting Wu ◽  
Jianghui Xie ◽  
Altus Viljoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) causes Fusarium wilt of banana, the most devastating disease on a banana plant. The genome of Foc TR4 encodes many candidate effector proteins. However, little is known about the functions of these effector proteins on their contributions to disease development and Foc TR4 virulence. Here, we discovered a secreted metalloprotease, FocM35_1, which is an essential virulence effector of Foc TR4. FocM35_1 was highly upregulated during the early stages of Foc TR4 infection progress in bananas. The FocM35_1 knockout mutant compromised the virulence of Foc TR4. FocM35_1 could interact with the banana chitinase MaChiA, and it decreased banana chitinase activity. FocM35_1 induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana while suppressing the INF1-induced hypersensitive response (HR), and its predicted enzymatic site was required for lesion formation and the suppression to INF1-induced HR on N. benthamiana leaves. Importantly, treatment of banana leaves with recombinant FocM35_1 accelerates Foc TR4 infection. Collectively, our study provides evidence that metalloprotease effector FocM35 seems to contribute to pathogen virulence by inhibiting the host immunity.

Effects of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 on microorganisms and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of banana

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-hong HUANG ◽  
Shun LÜ ◽  
Chun-yu LI ◽  
Yue-rong WEI ◽  
Gan-jun YI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Race 4
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