Life - History Studies on New Zealand Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda)

<p>1. Abbreviated or direct development is described in Pilumnus novaezelandiae Filhol, 1886 and P. lumpinus Bennett, 1964 (Xanthidae, Pilumninae) from New Zealand. Embryonic development is separated into Nauplius, Metanauplius, and embryonic Zoea stages. In P. novaezelandiae, larvae hatch at a Megalopa stage and are retained beneath the pleon of the female crab. The Megalopa larva and first five juvenile crab stages are described. In P. lumpinus emergent larvae are advanced, much-modified, and non-natatory Zoeae which are not retained by the parent. The Zoea and Megalopa larvae of this species are described. Abbreviated development has little phylogenetic significance among Brachyura, and has probably evolved as a response to habitat requirements of adult crabs. 2. A brief account is given of the systematics and distribution of the New Zealand xanthid crabs Heterozius rotundifrons A. Milne Edwards, 1867, Ozius truncatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, and of Heteropanope (Pilumnopeus) serratifrons (Kinahan, xanthid Brachyura and to the Megalopa larvae of Heterozius rotundifrons and Ozius truncatus. Notes are given on the seasonal breeding cycle of Heterozius rotundifrons, and the pre-Zoea larva, two Zoea larval stages, and the Megalopa larva reared in the laboratory are described. Ozius truncatus possesses a pre-Zoea larva, four Zoea larval stages, and a Megalopa larva. These have been reared and are described. A key is given for the separation of the Zoea larval stages. The pre-Zoea larva and first stage Zoea larva of Heteropanope Pilumnopeus serratifrons are described. There are probably four zoeal stages in the larval development of this species. 3. The characters of Zoea larvae of the family Xanthidae described up of the present time are critically analysed and considered in relation to the status of currently accepted adult genera and species, the generic groupings used by Monod (1956), and the generic composition of the subfamilies proposed by Balss (1957). Xanthid Zoea larvae fall into two natural groups of genera based on larval characters, the most important being the length of the antennal exopod in relation to that of the spinous process. The first group is equivalent to the subfamily Xanthinae as reconstituted by Balss (1957), but there is no larval evidence suggesting that the "Panopean" genera should be separated from the "Xanthian" genera as suggested by Monod (1956). A second natural group is formed by larvae of the subfamily Menippinae as in Balss (1932, 1957), the subfamily Pilumninae of Balss (1957), and the genus Geryon. Larvae of genera in the subfamily Trapeziinae Miers should be removed from the section Hyperolissa and included in this second natural group. Zoea larvae described from the genera Heteropanope and Pilumnopeus form a separate branch of the second group. Zoea larval evidence does not support Monod's (1956) separation of Eriphia from the "Menippian" group of genera. 4. The first stage Zoea larva Hemiplax hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853) is described, and present knowledge concerning larvae of crabs of the family Ocypodidae is summarized discussed. No diagnostic character is common to all ocypodid Zoea larvae, but affinities are shown with those of the families Hymenosomidae, Pinnotheridae, and Grapsidae. 5. Pre-Zoea and first stage Zoea larvae hatched from the grapsid crabs Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793), Planes marinus Rathbun, 1915, Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), H. edwardsi (Hilgendorf, 1882), Cyclograpsus lavauxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853, Helice crassa Dana, 1851, and Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus, 1764) from New Zealand are described. A key is given for the separation of these larvae. Known Zoea larvae of the family Grapsidae show close affinities with those of the brachyrhynchous families Ocypodidae and Gecarcinidae, and fall into four groups based on larval characters. This system of larval classification agrees with the present arrangement of adult genera into subfamilies except for a division among larvae of the subfamilies Varuninae and Sesarminae. The length of larval life and larval dispersal probably has no bearing on the presence or absence of certain New Zealand species at the Chatham Islands.</p>

Life - History Studies on New Zealand Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda)

<p>1. Abbreviated or direct development is described in Pilumnus novaezelandiae Filhol, 1886 and P. lumpinus Bennett, 1964 (Xanthidae, Pilumninae) from New Zealand. Embryonic development is separated into Nauplius, Metanauplius, and embryonic Zoea stages. In P. novaezelandiae, larvae hatch at a Megalopa stage and are retained beneath the pleon of the female crab. The Megalopa larva and first five juvenile crab stages are described. In P. lumpinus emergent larvae are advanced, much-modified, and non-natatory Zoeae which are not retained by the parent. The Zoea and Megalopa larvae of this species are described. Abbreviated development has little phylogenetic significance among Brachyura, and has probably evolved as a response to habitat requirements of adult crabs. 2. A brief account is given of the systematics and distribution of the New Zealand xanthid crabs Heterozius rotundifrons A. Milne Edwards, 1867, Ozius truncatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, and of Heteropanope (Pilumnopeus) serratifrons (Kinahan, xanthid Brachyura and to the Megalopa larvae of Heterozius rotundifrons and Ozius truncatus. Notes are given on the seasonal breeding cycle of Heterozius rotundifrons, and the pre-Zoea larva, two Zoea larval stages, and the Megalopa larva reared in the laboratory are described. Ozius truncatus possesses a pre-Zoea larva, four Zoea larval stages, and a Megalopa larva. These have been reared and are described. A key is given for the separation of the Zoea larval stages. The pre-Zoea larva and first stage Zoea larva of Heteropanope Pilumnopeus serratifrons are described. There are probably four zoeal stages in the larval development of this species. 3. The characters of Zoea larvae of the family Xanthidae described up of the present time are critically analysed and considered in relation to the status of currently accepted adult genera and species, the generic groupings used by Monod (1956), and the generic composition of the subfamilies proposed by Balss (1957). Xanthid Zoea larvae fall into two natural groups of genera based on larval characters, the most important being the length of the antennal exopod in relation to that of the spinous process. The first group is equivalent to the subfamily Xanthinae as reconstituted by Balss (1957), but there is no larval evidence suggesting that the "Panopean" genera should be separated from the "Xanthian" genera as suggested by Monod (1956). A second natural group is formed by larvae of the subfamily Menippinae as in Balss (1932, 1957), the subfamily Pilumninae of Balss (1957), and the genus Geryon. Larvae of genera in the subfamily Trapeziinae Miers should be removed from the section Hyperolissa and included in this second natural group. Zoea larvae described from the genera Heteropanope and Pilumnopeus form a separate branch of the second group. Zoea larval evidence does not support Monod's (1956) separation of Eriphia from the "Menippian" group of genera. 4. The first stage Zoea larva Hemiplax hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853) is described, and present knowledge concerning larvae of crabs of the family Ocypodidae is summarized discussed. No diagnostic character is common to all ocypodid Zoea larvae, but affinities are shown with those of the families Hymenosomidae, Pinnotheridae, and Grapsidae. 5. Pre-Zoea and first stage Zoea larvae hatched from the grapsid crabs Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793), Planes marinus Rathbun, 1915, Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), H. edwardsi (Hilgendorf, 1882), Cyclograpsus lavauxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853, Helice crassa Dana, 1851, and Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus, 1764) from New Zealand are described. A key is given for the separation of these larvae. Known Zoea larvae of the family Grapsidae show close affinities with those of the brachyrhynchous families Ocypodidae and Gecarcinidae, and fall into four groups based on larval characters. This system of larval classification agrees with the present arrangement of adult genera into subfamilies except for a division among larvae of the subfamilies Varuninae and Sesarminae. The length of larval life and larval dispersal probably has no bearing on the presence or absence of certain New Zealand species at the Chatham Islands.</p>

Session Resumption Protocols and Efficient Forward Security for TLS 1.3 0-RTT

The TLS 1.3 0-RTT mode enables a client reconnecting to a server to send encrypted application-layer data in “0-RTT” (“zero round-trip time”), without the need for a prior interactive handshake. This fundamentally requires the server to reconstruct the previous session’s encryption secrets upon receipt of the client’s first message. The standard techniques to achieve this are session caches or, alternatively, session tickets. The former provides forward security and resistance against replay attacks, but requires a large amount of server-side storage. The latter requires negligible storage, but provides no forward security and is known to be vulnerable to replay attacks. In this paper, we first formally define session resumption protocols as an abstract perspective on mechanisms like session caches and session tickets. We give a new generic construction that provably provides forward security and replay resilience, based on puncturable pseudorandom functions (PPRFs). We show that our construction can immediately be used in TLS 1.3 0-RTT and deployed unilaterally by servers, without requiring any changes to clients or the protocol. To this end, we present a generic composition of our new construction with TLS 1.3 and prove its security. This yields the first construction that achieves forward security for all messages, including the 0-RTT data. We then describe two new constructions of PPRFs, which are particularly suitable for use for forward-secure and replay-resilient session resumption in TLS 1.3. The first construction is based on the strong RSA assumption. Compared to standard session caches, for “128-bit security” it reduces the required server storage by a factor of almost 20, when instantiated in a way such that key derivation and puncturing together are cheaper on average than one full exponentiation in an RSA group. Hence, a 1 GB session cache can be replaced with only about 51 MBs of storage, which significantly reduces the amount of secure memory required. For larger security parameters or in exchange for more expensive computations, even larger storage reductions are achieved. The second construction combines a standard binary tree PPRF with a new “domain extension” technique. For a reasonable choice of parameters, this reduces the required storage by a factor of up to 5 compared to a standard session cache. It employs only symmetric cryptography, is suitable for high-traffic scenarios, and can serve thousands of tickets per second.

TELEVISION CULTURES OF SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA

The aim of the paper is to compare television cultures of Yugoslav republics during socialism. The paper is drawing on the recent comparative studies of socialist television in South and East Europe (Perško et al. 2021; Mihelj and Huxtable 2018; Imre 2016). Following the categories developed by Mihelj and Huxtable (2018) and Imre (2016), Yugoslav television cultures are here analysed in terms of a) generic composition and share of program modes, b) the level of transnationalism, c) the level of openness of television to social critique (semi-publicness), c) focus of television on private life (privatization), d) the gendering patterns, e) temporal orientation, f) characteristics of factual, humorous and history genres. Analysis is based on the data collected for the recently published book by Peruško, Vozab and Čuvalo (2021) and original content analysis of the JRT 79 Television Programme booklet, with a short description and basic info about the program that was shared within the JRT network. The result discerns differences between republic televisions (especially TV Ljubljana, TV Zagreb and TV Novi Sad) in program development toward neo-television, such as the differences in transnational orientation, temporal orientation, gendering patterns.

Phylogenetic Relationships within the Nematode Subfamily Phascolostrongylinae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from Australian Macropodid and Vombatid Marsupials

The strongyloid nematode subfamily Phascolostrongylinae comprises parasites of the large intestine and stomach of Australian macropods and wombats. In this study, we tested the phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the Phascolostrongylinae using the first and second internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Monophyly was encountered in the tribe Phascolostrongylinea comprising two genera, Phascolostrongylus and Oesophagostomoides, found exclusively in the large intestine of wombats. The tribe Hypodontinea, represented by the genera Hypodontus and Macropicola from the ileum and large intestine of macropods, was also found to be monophyletic. The tribe Macropostrongyloidinea, comprising the genera Macropostrongyloides and Paramacropostrongylus, was paraphyletic with the species occurring in the stomach grouping separately from those found in the large intestines of their hosts. However, Macropostrongyloidesdissimilis from the stomach of the swamp wallaby and Paramacropostrongylus toraliformis from the large intestine of the eastern grey kangaroo were distinct from their respective congeners. This study provided strong support for the generic composition of the tribe Phascolostrongylinea. The unexpected finding of M. dissimilis and P. toraliformis being distantly related to their respective congeners suggests a requirement for future taxonomic revision that may warrant separation of these species at the generic level.

New contribution into concept of the tribe Deveniliini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae) based on skeleton-muscular anatomy of the male genitalia

Skeleton-muscular anatomy of the male genitalia of Devenilia corearia (Leech, 1891), Synegia ichinosawana (Matsumura, 1925), Platycerota incertaria (Leech, 1891), Lomographa bimaculata (Fabricius, 1775), and Cabera pusaria (Linnaeus, 1758) is described. Probable synapomorphies of Deveniliini, its generic composition and relations to Baptini and Caberini are discussed. Presumably, Deveniliini is separate lineage of ennomies, basal to Baptini and Caberini.

Bryozoans from the lower Silurian (Telychian) Hanchiatien Formation from southern Chongqing, South China

Eight bryozoan species are described from the Hanchiatien Formation (lower Silurian, Telychian) of southern Chongqing, South China. Four species are new: the trepostomes Asperopora sinensis n. sp., Trematopora jiebeiensis n. sp., and Trematopora tenuis n. sp., and the fenestrate Moorephylloporina parvula n. sp. One species, the cystoporate Hennigopora sp. indet., is described in open nomenclature. Moorephylloporina parvula n. sp. is eurytopic, occurring in all types of facies within the bioherms. Erect Moorephylloporina Bassler, 1952, Trematopora Hall, 1852, and Leioclema Ulrich, 1882 formed pioneering communities on weakly cemented substrata, whereas encrusting Fistulipora M‘Coy, 1849, Hennigopora Bassler, 1952, and Asperopora Owen, 1969 occurred on hardgrounds and formed densely compact framestones. Robust branched Trematopora and Leioclema tend to occur out of the reef core (framework) where they could have formed reef-flank thickets in more agitated conditions. The generic composition of the studied fauna correlates with other localities in South China, and they show general paleobiogeographic relations to Siberia and Indiana, USA. UUID http://zoobank.org/3326dd2f-7c9e-43bc-9dab-84047b274f89

Phylogenetic Relationships within the Nematode Subfamily Phascolostrongylinae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from Australian Macropodid and Vombatid Marsupials

Background: The strongyloid nematode subfamily Phascolostrongylinae are parasites of the large intestine and stomach of Australian macropods (Macropodidae) and wombats (Vombatidae). Based on morphological classifications, the Phascolostrongylinae is comprised of seven genera belonging to three tribes (Phascolostrongylinea, Macropostrongyloidinea, and Hypodontinea). The phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the Phascolostrongylinae were tested using the first and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS+) sequences of the ribosomal DNA. Results: Monophyly was encountered in the tribe Phascolostrongylinea comprising two genera, Phascolostrongylus and Oesophagostomoides, found exclusively in the large intestine of wombats. The tribe Hypodontinea, represented by the genera Hypodontus and Macropicola from the ileum and large intestine of macropods was also found to be monophyletic, but with low support. The tribe Macropostrongyloidinea comprising the genera Macropostrongyloides and Paramacropostrongylus was paraphyletic with the species occurring in the stomach grouping separately to those found in the large intestines of their hosts. Finally, Macropostrongyloides dissimilis from the stomach of the swamp wallaby and Paramacropostrongylus toraliformis from the large intestine of the eastern grey kangaroo were distinct from their respective congeners. Conclusion: The current study provided strong support for the generic composition of the tribe Phascolostrongylinea and low support for the tribe Hypodontinea. However, the relationships within the tribe Macropostrongyloidinea are more complex and its monophyly was not supported by the current ITS+ dataset. The unexpected finding of M. dissimilis and P. toraliformis being distantly related to their respective congeners suggests a requirement for future taxonomic revision which may warrant separation of these species at the generic level.

Revision of the Hylicellidae of the Late Triassic of Queensland (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Hylicelloidea)

This extinct cicadomorphan family Hylicellidae was a significant element of the Late Triassic (Norian) hemipteran fauna of south-eastern Queensland, represented by the tegmina of five monotypic genera from the fossil insect localities at Mount Crosby, Denmark Hill and Dinmore. Of the five, Mesothymbris Evans, 1956, from Mount Crosby, has previously been re-examined. The present work revises the remaining four genera: Hylicella Evans, 1956, with Hylicella colorata Evans, 1956, Mount Crosby; Crosbella Evans, 1956 (= Mesocicadella Evans, 1956, syn. nov.), with Crosbella elongata Evans, 1956 (= Crosbella alata Evans, 1956, syn. nov. = Mesocicadella venosa Evans, 1956, syn. nov. = Mesocicadella punctata Evans, 1961, syn. nov.), Mount Crosby; Triassoscelis Evans, 1956, with Triassoscelis anomala Evans, 1956, Mount Crosby; and Mesocixiodes Tillyard, 1922, with Mesocixiodes termioneura Tillyard, 1922 (= Mesocixiodes brachyclada Tillyard, 1922, syn. nov.), Denmark Hill, Dinmore. The Hylicellidae remains poorly defined as is its generic composition, however, the four Queensland Triassic genera are quite distinct. Hylicella is distinguished by the partial fusion of CuA1 with M3+4, and the very large intra-medial cell, and Crosbella and Triassoscelis by the peculiar parallelogram-like CuA1 cell and the widened peripheral membrane at CuA. Triassoscelis differs from Crosbella in its broader, more squat wing shape, CuA fork in line rather than proximal to the M fork, and much less proliferated apical venation. Mesocixiodes is distinguished by the alignment of the crossvein field at the claval apex to form a fairly even series of long, sub-equal apical cells. On the basis of the proliferated and variable apical venation, the presence of weakly developed costal veinlets, and the fusion of M and CuA at a single point to close the basal cell, Crosbella and Triassoscelis, are ascribed to the subfamily Vietocyclinae. The relationships of the three other Queensland genera, Hylicella, Mesocixiodes, and Mesothymbris remain obscure, and they are retained in the undefined catch-all subfamily Hylicellinae. With the exception of the hindwing, Mesojassula marginata Evans, 1956, the revision of the cicadomorphan fauna of the Mount Crosby Formation is now complete, resulting in an inventory of five species of Dysmorphoptilidae, four of Hylicellidae and two of Archijassidae, with the dysmorphoptilid Dysmorphoptiloides elongata Evans, 1956, as the dominant species.