Polyamine Modulation by antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Suthar ◽  
R. M. Patel ◽  
D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Pgpr Traits

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is pivotal source of protein for vegetarian diet, however, its productivity is adversely affected by wilt disease. Non pathogenic rhizospheric microorganism’s leads to induce resistance and are found to be effective in management of this disease. The polyamines (PAs) content and its metabolism are the key in plant microbial interaction, so the alteration in PAs viz. spermidine (SPD), spermine (SPM) and putresine (PTR) in chickpea by Bacillus substilis isolate K18 (BS-K18) effective antagonist (75%) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc) and having PGPR traits was analyzed under Foc stress. The higher PAs content was reported in resistant variety (WR-315) compared to susceptible variety (JG-62). The PTR was dominant PA present in chickpea, further overall root tissue reported higher PA content as compared to leaves tissue. The PA content was constitutively improved by B. subtilis seed treatment in resistant and susceptible varieties. The Foc stress leads to induction of PA content in leaves and root tissue, where its content was higher in resistant variety as compared to susceptible variety. The BS-K18 seed treatment under Foc stress leads to induction of PA content as compared to both treatments alone, the SPD and SPM were more induced in leaves and root tissue of susceptible variety whereas PTR was more induces in resistant variety. Overall, polyamines were induced up to 3 DAT then after decline suggest their early role in plant defence mechanism, further PTR was found to be dominating polyamine during chickpea-Foc interaction under BS-K18 treatment. The Bacillus subtilis seed treatment leads to improve wilt tolerance in susceptible var. JG-62 through modulation of PAs, the same mechanism also helped to enhanced effectiveness of resistant var. WR-315.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE (Rhizoctonia solani KUHN) IN CORN WITH FORMULATED Bacillus subtilis BR23

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amran Muis ◽  
Arcadio J. Quimio
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. causing banded leaf and sheath blight diseases is one of the important fungi of corn world wide. The fungus is commonly controlled by using fungicide because no resistant variety available. The objective of the study was to develop a seed treatment formulation of the selected Bacillus subtilis to control R. solani in corn. The study was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Bañòs, College, Laguna from May 2004 to August 2005, using sweet corn var. IPB Supersweet as test plant. Corn seeds were surface sterilized for 10 minutes in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5% ethanol, washed thrice with sterile distilled water and air-dried. The seeds were coated with formulated B. subtilis BR23 and used for several experiments, such as evaluation for their germination and growth in the laboratory, effectively on R. solani in the baked and nonbaked field soil under greenhouse condition, and in the microplots artificially infested with R. solani. The treatment was compared with other standard seed treatment of synthetic fungicides such as captan (10 g per kg seeds) and metalaxyl (10 g per kg seeds). The experiments were designed in a completely random design with three replications. Parameters observed were seed germination, plant height, disease scores, and plant yield. Laboratory formulated B. subtilis BR23 used as seed treatment had no detrimental effects on seed germination and seedling vigor. In microplots artificially infested with a selected highly virulent R. solani, seed treatment with the same formulation increased grain yield by 27% compared to that of the control captan seed treatment with 14.4%. The studies showed the potential of B. subtilis BR23 for commercialization as a seed treatment for the control of banded leaf and sheath blight disease (R. solani) in corn.

MICROBIAL GROWTH FACTORS IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE OF FLAX VARIETIES TO FUSARIUM WILT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Lochhead ◽  
F. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Growth Promoting

A comparison was made of growth factor requirements and growth factor synthesizing capacity of bacteria from the root surface and from the seeds of flax varieties resistant and susceptible, respectively, to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. lini. The percentage of bacteria from both root and seed which required growth-promoting substances was greater with the resistant ('Bison') than with the susceptible ('Novelty') variety. On the other hand bacteria capable of synthesizing growth factors were proportionately more abundant with the susceptible variety. The findings indicate a more pronounced rhizosphere effect exerted by the susceptible than by the resistant variety, and point to circumstances that favor a greater accumulation (or 'turnover') of vitamins and related substances at the root surface of susceptible plants.Two strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. lini capable of inducing wilt required no vitamins for growth; thiamine had a depressing effect. Both strains were able to synthesize various growth factors, though in different degree. Culture filtrates of bacteria from roots of the two varieties of flax showed no difference in their effect on growth of Fusarium; however, bacteria from the resistant variety showed somewhat greater ability to depress Fusarium than those from the susceptible. Though the findings do not constitute evidence of any relationship between differences in growth factor relationships to pathogenic potential of Fusarium, they suggest the value of considering growth-promoting substances in studies of the effect of nutrition on the activity of soil-borne pathogens.

SOIL MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAX ROOTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
J. W. Rouatt
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Generic Composition ◽  
Disease Free

The root microflora of Bison flax, resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. lini, was compared with that of the wilt-susceptible variety Novelty. Plants grown in "disease-free" soil show that the susceptible variety harbors not only the most numerous, but also the most metabolically active bacterial flora on its roots. Generic classification of bacterial isolates shows a higher incidence of more active organisms, represented by Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium on roots of the susceptible crop, whereas the more slowly growing pleomorphic types such as Arthrobacter were most abundant on roots of the resistant variety. Fungi were also more numerous on roots of the susceptible crop, but the generic composition of rhizosphere populations of both varieties was similar to that of the soil itself. Fusarium oxysporum dominated the flora occurring in an active mycelial state on roots of the susceptible variety, whereas F. oxysporum and Phoma sp. were codominants in the active flora of the resistant crop. Tests with other soils showed that dominance of specific genera varies with soil type. The results indicate a selective action on the root microflora, particularly the bacteria, and suggest both quantitative and qualitative differences in root environments of the two flax varieties.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE (Rhizoctonia solani KUHN) IN CORN WITH FORMULATED Bacillus subtilis BR23

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amran Muis ◽  
Arcadio J. Quimio
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. causing banded leaf and sheath blight diseases is one of the important fungi of corn world wide. The fungus is commonly controlled by using fungicide because no resistant variety available. The objective of the study was to develop a seed treatment formulation of the selected Bacillus subtilis to control R. solani in corn. The study was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Bañòs, College, Laguna from May 2004 to August 2005, using sweet corn var. IPB Supersweet as test plant. Corn seeds were surface sterilized for 10 minutes in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5% ethanol, washed thrice with sterile distilled water and air-dried. The seeds were coated with formulated B. subtilis BR23 and used for several experiments, such as evaluation for their germination and growth in the laboratory, effectively on R. solani in the baked and nonbaked field soil under greenhouse condition, and in the microplots artificially infested with R. solani. The treatment was compared with other standard seed treatment of synthetic fungicides such as captan (10 g per kg seeds) and metalaxyl (10 g per kg seeds). The experiments were designed in a completely random design with three replications. Parameters observed were seed germination, plant height, disease scores, and plant yield. Laboratory formulated B. subtilis BR23 used as seed treatment had no detrimental effects on seed germination and seedling vigor. In microplots artificially infested with a selected highly virulent R. solani, seed treatment with the same formulation increased grain yield by 27% compared to that of the control captan seed treatment with 14.4%. The studies showed the potential of B. subtilis BR23 for commercialization as a seed treatment for the control of banded leaf and sheath blight disease (R. solani) in corn.

Alteration in b-1, 3 glucanase and chitinase activity in chickpea varieties infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Shukla ◽  
K. P. Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Race 4

Alterations in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity during host-pathogen interaction were studied in chickpea varieties JCP 27 (resistant) and JG 62 (susceptible) to vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4. The enzyme activities were analyzed in root, stem and leaf tissues at three stages viz., pre-infection, infection and post-infection in normal and inoculated soil. The b-1,3 glucanase activity in root, stem and leaf tissues of susceptible variety found higher than those of resistant one at all the stages of infection under inoculated condition.. The chitinase activity in root and leaf tissues of susceptible variety was higher than the resistant variety at all infection stages in inoculated soil, whereas in stem tissue the activity level was higher in resistant variety at pre-infection and infection stages. Overall result revealed that b-1,3 glucanase showed higher induction with increase in inoculums pressure of the fungal pathogen, whereas hydrolytic enzyme chitinase was induced only when inoculum pressure of the fungal pathogen was severe.

Ultrastructure of the vascular responses of tobacco to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotianae

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Mueller ◽  
A. T. Morgham
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Polygenic Resistance ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Eventual Death

The reactions of a broadleaf tobacco variety polygenically resistant to Fusarium wilt were compared with a susceptible variety. Symptoms of wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of leaves in the susceptible variety were associated with rapid movement of the fungus through the plant, whereas in the resistant variety the fungus was confined to the lower portion of the plant and symptoms occurred only on the lowermost leaves. The responses in the vascular tissue were similar in both varieties but appeared more intense in the resistant variety. Lipoidal wall coatings and occlusions occurred in the initially infected vessels. Apposition layers containing callose were deposited in the contact cells within 1 day of inoculation. Lipoidal occlusions occurred in the secondarily infected vessels, but apposition layers were not detected in the contact cells. Tyloses were not observed. Resistance is associated with the localization and slower movement of the fungus that is reflected in the observable differences in symptom development. Keywords: contact cells, Nicotiana tabacum, polygenic resistance, vascular occlusion.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis, a potential biocontrol agent for the management of coriander wilt

2017 ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
S Aswathi, C Ushamalini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Coriander is an important spice crop affected by wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. corianderii. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis for the management of wilt under glass house condition. The results of the trials indicated that, among the various treatments, seed treatment with talc formulation of Bacillus subtilis (10g/kg of seed) along with soil application (2.5 kg/ha) as basal and top dressing at 30 and 45 days after sowing was  effective in reducing the wilt incidence  (14.59%) compared to control (32.68% ).

scholarly journals The use of Bacillus subtilis for screening fusaric acid production by Fusarium spp.

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Šrobárová ◽  
Š. Eged ◽  
J. Teixeira Da Silva ◽  
A. Ritieni ◽  
A. Santini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Fusaric acid (FA) is one of the most important secondary metabolites produced by <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I> (Schlecht) (FO), <I>F. solani</I> (Mart.) Appel & Wollenweber, and <I>F. moniliforme</I> Sheldon. It is toxic to humans, many plants, and microorganisms and it enhances the toxicity of fumonisin and trichothecene. A simple and rapid method for fusaric acid (FA) screening in <I>Fusarium</I> isolates was developed. In this study, several strains of <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I> were tested for their ability to produce FA by using a suitable race of <I>Bacillus subtilis</I> as the bioassay. A modified method using small agar blocks with the fungus producing FA was applied in the screening test. FA standard and <I>F. culmorum</I> were used as controls. The experimental <I>F. oxysporum</I> isolates and FA standard produced transparent zones on the plates with <I>Bacillus subtilis</I>. The differences in size of the transparent zones corresponded to the quantity of FA when thin-layer chromatography was used.

scholarly journals Immobilized Bacillus subtilis by ionic gelation as biocontrol alternative of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castañeda Alvarez Estefania ◽  
Sánchez Leal Ligia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Pests And Diseases

For farmers the use of agrochemicals is the preferred method to control pests and diseases. Considering the market demand for biological control products, the encapsulation could be a competent alternative to current commercial formulations for cellular viability and controlled release. The purpose of this study was to use ionic gelation with sodium alginate, starch and maltodextrin to immobilize Bacillus subtilis and to evaluate the biocontrol effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro. The matrix with a concentration of 2% sodium alginate, 1% starch, and 1% maltodextrin is a suitable method for cellular viability and biological control activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, with a reduction of mycelial growth of 49.6% and a survival rate for Bacillus subtilis of 98.05% (p less than 0.0001).The use of immobilized bacteria as biological control agents are sustainable and effective bio-inputs that could be used at industrial scale and benefit the tomato crops against attack by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

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