scholarly journals Effect of Precipitation and Nitrogen Input on Soil Respiration in Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Hema Singh ◽  
Swati Mishra ◽  
Talat Afreen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
N Input

Nowadays soil respiration has become an important issue in research. Measurement of soil respiration helps in determining the carbon budget under the influence of global climate change. Rainfall variability and nitrogen (N) input both have a profound impact on soil respiration and its components, i.e. autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration. Besides, soil respiration also shows considerable change due to global warming. According to emissions scenario, the elevated CO2 concentration would increase the soil surface temperature by 2oC in the coming 35 years which may lead to huge C-losses to the atmosphere. Such carbon losses to the atmosphere would aggravate the effects of global warming on the human race. Although some progress had been made in soil respiration research about rainfall variability and N-input, there are discrepancies in the results. But despite considerable scientific attention in recent years, there is no consensus on the direction and magnitude of warming-induced changes in soil carbon. Soil respiration changes with climate but to confirm it observationally have big constraints such as high spatial variability in soil respiration, inaccessibility of the soil medium and inability of the instruments to measure soil respiration on large scales. Further, most of the soil respiration studies about rainfall variability and N-input have been conducted in temperate regions, and tropics have remained ignored. Though tropical countries have not yet experienced the extreme variations in rainfall, still under the ongoing climate change the tropical region would also start to experience altered rainfall regimes. Rainfall variability and N-input are the consequences of intense global climate change and industrialisation, respectively. There are reports from grasslands that the antecedent soil moisture determines the strength of the effect of rainfall on soil respiration. N-input is reported to increase soil respiration only when water addition accompanied it. Further, the effect of N-input on soil respiration was different for the short term and long term addition of nitrogen. Likewise many ecosystem warming experiments suggest that warming increases the carbon fluxes to and from the soil, but the net global balance between these responses is uncertain.

Diatoms in Saline Lakes Paleoclimate and Paleoecology Interpretations

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Ekdahl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Environmental Response

Average global temperatures are predicted to rise over the next century and changes in precipitation, humidity, and drought frequency will likely accompany this global warming. Understanding associated changes in continental precipitation and temperature patterns in response to global change is an important component of long-range environmental planning. For example, agricultural management plans that account for decreased precipitation over time will be less susceptible to the effects of drought through implementation of water conservation techniques.A detailed understanding of environmental response to past climate change is key to understanding environmental changes associated with global climate change. To this end, diatoms are sensitive to a variety of limnologic parameters, including nutrient concentration, light availability, and the ionic concentration and composition of the waters that they live in (e.g. salinity). Diatoms from numerous environments have been used to reconstruct paleosalinity levels, which in turn have been used as a proxy records for regional and local paleoprecipitation. Long-term records of salinity or paleoprecipitation are valuable in reconstructing Quaternary paleoclimate, and are important in terms of developing mitigation strategies for future global climate change. High-resolution paleoclimate records are also important in groundtruthing global climate simulations, especially in regions where the consequences of global warming may be severe.

Study on Low-Carbon Economy Model and Method of Chinese Tourism Industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Mu ◽  
Luo Jing ◽  
Zhang Xiaohong ◽  
Tang Lei ◽  
Feng Xiao-na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Framework System ◽  
Carbon Economy

Recent years saw the global wave of new low-carbon economy which is a strategic measure to cope with global warming, and it has gained concerns from many governments. As the representatives of developing countries, China is responsible for “common but distinguishing duty for global climate change.” Many policies have been made to develop low-carbon economy with the hope to advocate and innovate low-carbon economy in some industries and cities during these years. Therefore, it is a theoretical and innovative project to find a low-carbon economical model for various industries and carry out the experiments of low-carbon economy in some cities. Hence, guided by low-carbon economy theory, choosing booming Chinese tourism industry as the object, this paper constructs an operation framework system of low-carbon tourism development from the advantage of low-carbon tourism to the proposal of low-carbon tourism definition so as to conclude an execution scheme of “six elements” of low-carbon tourism with selecting OCT East (Chinese national ecotourism demonstration district) and Mt. Danxia (World Geo-park) as demonstration districts to discuss about models and methods of low-carbon economy in tourism.

Mass communication and public understanding of environmental problems: the case of global warming

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Stamm ◽  
Fiona Clark ◽  
Paula Reynolds Eblacas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
General Sense

Public understanding of global warming, also known as global climate change, is treated here as an example of a mass communication problem that has yet to be adequately solved. A survey of metropolitan area residents found that although people are aware of this problem in a general sense, understanding of particular causes, possible consequences, and solutions is more limited. Both mass media and interpersonal communication appear to make a positive contribution to understanding, as well as to perpetuating some popular misconceptions.

Study on Low-Carbon Economy Model and Method of Chinese Tourism Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 492-525
Author(s):  
Zhang Mu ◽  
Luo Jing ◽  
Zhang Xiaohong ◽  
Tang Lei ◽  
Feng Xiao-na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Framework System ◽  
Carbon Economy

Recent years saw the global wave of new low-carbon economy, which is a new strategic measure to cope with global warming, and it has gained lots of concerns from many governments. As the representatives of developing countries, China is responsible for “common but distinguishing duty for global climate change.” Many policies have been made to develop low-carbon economy with the hope to advocate and innovate low-carbon economy in some industries and cities during these years. Therefore, it is a theoretical and innovative project to find out a low-carbon economical model for various industries and carry out the experiments of low-carbon economy in some cities. Hence, guided by low-carbon economy theory, choosing booming Chinese tourism industry as the object, this chapter tries to construct an operation framework system of low-carbon tourism development from the advantage of low-carbon tourism to the proposal of low-carbon tourism definition so as to conclude an execution scheme of “six elements” of low-carbon tourism with selecting OCT East (Chinese national ecotourism demonstration district) and Mt. Danxia (World Geo-park) as demonstration districts to discuss about models and methods of low-carbon economy in tourism.

Study on Low-Carbon Economy Model and Method of Chinese Tourism Industry

2014 ◽  
pp. 1441-1473
Author(s):  
Zhang Mu ◽  
Luo Jing ◽  
Zhang Xiaohong ◽  
Tang Lei ◽  
Feng Xiao-na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Framework System ◽  
Carbon Economy

Recent years saw the global wave of new low-carbon economy which is a strategic measure to cope with global warming, and it has gained concerns from many governments. As the representatives of developing countries, China is responsible for “common but distinguishing duty for global climate change.” Many policies have been made to develop low-carbon economy with the hope to advocate and innovate low-carbon economy in some industries and cities during these years. Therefore, it is a theoretical and innovative project to find a low-carbon economical model for various industries and carry out the experiments of low-carbon economy in some cities. Hence, guided by low-carbon economy theory, choosing booming Chinese tourism industry as the object, this paper constructs an operation framework system of low-carbon tourism development from the advantage of low-carbon tourism to the proposal of low-carbon tourism definition so as to conclude an execution scheme of “six elements” of low-carbon tourism with selecting OCT East (Chinese national ecotourism demonstration district) and Mt. Danxia (World Geo-park) as demonstration districts to discuss about models and methods of low-carbon economy in tourism.

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