Growth Measurements of Invasive Plant Mikania micrantha Kunth (Mile a Minute Weed), A Threat of Biodiversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Swapna Vijayan ◽  
C. M. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
Garden Plant ◽  
Juvenile Plants

This study attempts to measure the growth of invasive plant species Mikania micrantha Kunth, which is considered as one among the top hundred worst invasive weeds worldwide. Seedlings of Mikania micrantha were propagated through vegetative part as well as seed for the study. The juvenile plants were allowed to grow on different hosts such as poles (nonliving support) and a garden plant (living support) in a soil that contains minimum requirements for growth. Growth of the seedlings was recorded daily by measuring the length of the stem, a number of twines and number of leaves for a growth period of fourteen days. The plants thrived on both types of support. The growth rate was higher in vegetatively propagated plants. It ensures re-growth even from a single node and is responsible for successful invasion of the weed after mechanical weeding.

scholarly journals Stem photosynthesis: new evidence highlights the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to the invasion success of Mikania micrantha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zheng ◽  
Tai-Jie Zhang ◽  
Bo-Hui Li ◽  
Wei-Jie Liang ◽  
Qi-Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Stem Photosynthesis ◽  
Wide Range

Phenotypic plasticity affords invasive plant species the ability to colonize a wide range of habitats, but physiological plasticity of their stems is seldom recognized. Investigation of the stem plasticity of invasive plant species could lead to a better understanding of their invasiveness. We performed a pot experiment involving defoliation treatments and an isolated culture experiment to determine whether the invasive species Mikania micrantha exhibits greater plasticity in the stems than do three native species that co-occur in southern China and then explored the mechanism underlying the modification of its stem photosynthesis. Our results showed that the stems of M. micrantha exhibited higher plasticity in terms of either net or gross photosynthesis in response to the defoliation treatment. These effects were positively related to an increased stem elongation rate. The enhancement of stem photosynthesis in M. micrantha resulted from the comprehensive action involving increases in the Chl a/b ratio, D1 protein and stomatal aperture, changes in chloroplast morphology and a decrease in anthocyanins. Increased plasticity of stem photosynthesis may improve the survival of M. micrantha under harsh conditions and allow it to rapidly recover from defoliation injuries. Our results highlight that phenotypic plasticity promotes the invasion success of alien plant invaders.

scholarly journals Suppression of reproductive characteristics of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha by sweet potato competition

BMC Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shicai Shen ◽  
Gaofeng Xu ◽  
David Roy Clements ◽  
Guimei Jin ◽  
Shufang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics

scholarly journals Growth Promotion of Highbush Blueberry by Fungal and Bacterial Inoculants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1228-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal de Silva ◽  
Keith Patterson ◽  
Craig Rothrock ◽  
James Moore
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The highbush blueberry cultivar Bluecrop was inoculated with potential plant growth-promoting (PGPR) candidates, including bacterial inoculants Pseudomonas fluorescens (Migula) (strains Pf 5, PRA 25, 105, or 101), Bacillus pumilus (Mayer and Gottheil) (strain T4), Pseudomonas corrugata (Roberts and Scarlett) (strain 114), and fungal isolates Gliocladium virens (Miller et al., Von Arx) (strain Gl.21) and Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) (strain T 22). Addition of G. virens to pasteurized soil increased leaf area and the number of leaves produced in a 4-month growth period, as well as shoot content of P, Zn and Cu in 1997. Treatment with P. fluorescens Pf 5 increased leaf area and stem diameter. In nonpasteurized soil, plants inoculated with G. virens had greater leaf area, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, and more leaves per plant. These results demonstrate the potential of G. virens for increasing growth when used to inoculate blueberry plants in the nursery or at transplanting.

scholarly journals Assessing the Temporal Variation in the Perceived Eects of Invasive Plant Species on Rural Livelihoods: A Case of Mikania micrantha Invasion in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Roshani Rai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Household Heads

Aim This study aims to assess effects of invasion of Mikania micrantha on the livelihoods of rural communities and evaluates how perceived effects vary with the presence duration of invasive plants in a particular landscape. Location The study was conducted in the buffer zone communities of two protected areas in Nepal—Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and Chitwan National Park. Materials and Methods Questionnaire interviews were performed among a total of 473 households from the target communities. The questionnaire mainly focused on a five-year gap evaluation of the current situation. The households were stratified into three strata based on their proximity to the forest and a systematic random sampling was used to select the households. Household heads of either gender were interviewed based on their availability during the visit. Key findings The results show that time decay effects exist in the interface between invasive plants and rural livelihoods, as people gradually start to consider that these plants have self-grown in their landscape. However, the number of affected households increases with duration of the stay of invasive plants in the landscape. Conservation implications The study shows that the perceived effects of invasive plants on rural households vary over time, and hence the response of rural households to the invasion. On the contrary, the perceived ecological effects of invasive plants remain the same. The results indicate the complication in managing the invaded area particularly in rural areas, which has forced the local people to use invasive plants such as Mikania in their daily lives in the absence of any strategy to control its spread. However, it can be concluded that Mikania cannot win the support of local communities in the invaded areas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8579   Conservation Science 2013 1(1), 13-18

In vitro Propagation of Two Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars under Conditions of Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Getachew Kassa ◽  
Tileye Feyissa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study was aimed to investigate salt tolerance of two grapevine cultivars, ‘Chenine Blanc’ and ‘Canonannon’ through in vitro propagation on medium containing different concentrations of NaCl. Single-node shoots were cultured on MS with 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1 mg/l IBA and containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 or 1.50% NaCl. NaCl free medium was used as control. Shoots of both cultivars were cultured on the same MS containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% CaCl2 to reduce hyperhydricity. The shoots were transferred to rooting medium followed by acclimatization in greenhouse. Number and length of shoots and roots, number of leaves and nodes, length of nodes, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots decreased significantly in consistent trend as the concentration of NaCl increased. ‘Canonannon’ cultivar was found to be significantly more tolerant to NaCl than ‘Chenine Blanc’ in all parameters. The lowest percentage of hyperhydric shoots were obtained on medium containing 0.25% CaCl2. Therefore, ‘Canonannon’ cultivar can be planted in relatively saline soils as it is more tolerant to salt than ‘Chenine Blanc’. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 47-56, 2020 (June)

Phyto-Distribution of Alien Invasive Species in the Campus of Pune University by Using GPS Mapping and their Interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
N. A. Ghayal ◽  
C. P. Hase
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The University

The invasive plant species hamper crops, human activities and become part of dynamic ecosystems, which grow in varied habitats and harsh ecological conditions and often invade the new ecosystems. The campus of Pune University is highly rich in phytodiversity of native and invasive weeds, which interact with each other. The invasive weeds like Cassia uniflora Mill. non Spreng, Alternanthera tenella Colla., Synedrella nodiflora (L) Gaertn, S. vialis Gray and native weed species like Achyranthes are showing dominance in the campus. The GPS mapping indicated that C. uniflora, S. nodiflora, . tenella, Blainvillea acmella, Euphorbia geniculata, Triumfetta rhomboidea and C. obtusifolia were dominant and occasionally forming pure stands in the campus reducing the phytodiversity of natives by substitution. The results on weed-weed interactions indicated that major associations were between Cassia and Achyranthes, Cassia and Bidens . Synedrella population was forming monothickets. The studies on weed-weed associations and interactions at all the sites indicated that native plants were substituted by the encroachment of invasive weeds due to negative interactions. The negative influence of Cassia and Synedrella was prominent through out the campus. The strong positive and negative associations of native and alien weeds in the university campus predicted changing Phytodiversity and ecosystem dynamics. The aggressive nature and invasiveness of C.uniflora and S.nodiflora was confirmed by their respective abundance such as 25.83 and 24.80 as compared to native weeds like Achyranthes (12.93). The investigation clearly proved the declining phytodiversityof native plant species in the university campus, which has perturbed the ecological balance through the release of allelochemicals / ecochemicals in the habitat. 

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of an invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in agrobiocenoses of the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00041
Author(s):  
Leonid Esipenko ◽  
Aleksandr Podvarko ◽  
Anatoliy Savva
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
The South ◽  
Discrete Variation ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Krasnodar Krai

Invasive weeds are characterized by high phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to adapt to new climatic conditions due to variable phenotypes that have arisen in the historical time scale under the control of natural selection. Colonization of such plants takes place locally in accessible anthropogenic cenoses. In the South of Russia the most typical invasive plant is Ambrosia artemosiifolia L. We We examined the discrete variation by vegetative feature — shoot length according to 12 genotypes of ragweed in agrocenoses of Krasnodar Krai.

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