scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT IN THE CITIES OF THE LENINGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Fedorov ◽  
N. A. Tikhonova ◽  
Yu. A. Novikova ◽  
A. A. Kovshov ◽  
O. A. Istorik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality

Introduction. The evaluation of the contribution of enterprises to the formation of levels of air pollution and the directly associated public health risk is of particular relevance during the hygienic assessment of outdoor air quality in populated areas. In this case, the results of computer simulation of concentrations in atmospheric air in many cases differ significantly from the results of field studies (monitoring), which can lead to a significant distortion of the expected risk levels. In this regard, the stage of exposure (impact) assessment as one of the problematic stages of the risk assessment for public health can be considered. Material and methods. The object of the study was the level of air pollution in industrialized cities of the Leningrad Region - Vyborg, Kirishi, Tikhvin, Gatchina. There was delivered a list of priority enterprises-sources of air pollution in the studied cities, from the emissions of which the average annual air concentrations in populated areas were modeled. To assess the actual air pollution, the results of field studies (monitoring) for the period 2015-2017 were analyzed. Based on the results of the calculation of air pollution and field data, the calculation of chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to public health was performed. Results. In all the cities studied, no exceeding the permissible values of risk was found on the basis of calculated average annual values of pollutants generated from the emissions of enterprises. At the same time, similar calculations of risk, made on the basis of actual concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air, according to long-term monitoring data, showed significantly higher values. The highest risk values, taking into account field data on the background level of atmospheric pollution, are typical for the cities of Kirishi and Vyborg, where the list of controlled pollutants is wider, due to including iron, cadmium, manganese and copper. These air pollutants can be considered a priority for the cities studied because of the unacceptably high level of non-carcinogenic risk caused by them. Conclusion. Unacceptably high levels of non-carcinogenic risk from background air pollution in the cities of Kirishi and Vyborg are due to iron, cadmium, and copper, which are practically absent in the emission structure of enterprises in these cities. It may be due, on the one hand, to insufficient consideration of the contribution of all potential sources (including motor transport), and on the other hand, to be a consequence of the inaccuracy of laboratory research techniques. It is advisable to pay attention to the problem of organizing the monitoring of air quality in populated areas, including with the above pollutants.

scholarly journals LAB-SCALE MEASUREMENT OF THE INDOOR AIR QUALITY

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Oroian ◽  
Antonia Odagiu ◽  
M. Proorocu ◽  
C. Iederan ◽  
Claudia Balint
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Monitoring ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
The University ◽  
Indoor Air Monitoring

The emphasizing of feasible methods easy to implement in monitoring air quality at laboratory scale was the objective of our research. The research was performed during October 2007 and February 2008 within the Laboratory of Air Quality from the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj – Napoca. The average values recorded in analyzed parameters of the laboratory indoor air gualities were within the admitted values. A positive, relatively strong correlation (r = 0.78487) was recorded between NO and NOx evolution of the laboratory indoor concentrations. The laboratory indoor air conditions being maintained within the same parameters during the entire experimental interval, the big increase of the majority of analyzed indices in the end of 2007 may be explained only due to some alterations of the outdoor air quality. The air monitoring system made up of HORIBA air pollution devices (APMA-370, APNA-370, APOA-370 and APSA-370) is feasible, environmentally friendly and easy to use for indoor air monitoring.

Impacts of stove use patterns and outdoor air quality on household air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in southwestern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graydon Snider ◽  
Ellison Carter ◽  
Sierra Clark ◽  
Joy (Tzu Wei) Tseng ◽  
Xudong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality

Indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring in hemp house — Case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Rimbalová ◽  
Silvia Vilčeková ◽  
Adriana Eštoková
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

On the issue of optimization of atmospheric air quality monitoring for the implementation of the Federal project «Clean Air»

2019 ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
I. V. May ◽  
A. A. Kokoulina ◽  
S. Yu. Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The City

Introduction. The city of Chita of Zabaikalsky region is one of the cities of Russia, priority on level of pollution of atmosphere. Of the order of 130 impurities emitted by the sources of the city, 12 are monitored at 5 posts of the Roshydromet network. Maximum monthly average concentrations are formed by benz (a) pyrene (up to 56.8 MPC), hydrogen sulfide (12.3 MPC), suspended particles (up to 4PDC), phenol (up to 3.6 MPC). Significant emissions (59.73 thousand tons in 2018) are aggravated by the use of coal as a fuel by heat and power enterprises and the private sector, climatic and geographical features. Within the framework of the Federal project “Clean Air” of the national project “Ecology”, it is envisaged to reduce the gross emission of pollutants into the atmosphere of Chita by 8.75 thousand tons by 2024, which should lead to a significant improvement in the safety and quality of life of citizens. It is necessary to identify the most “risky “components of pollution for health.It is important to understand: whether the environmental monitoring system reflects the real picture of the dangers posed by pollution of the city’s atmosphere; whether there is a need to optimize the monitoring system for the subsequent assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures; what impurities and at what points should be monitored in the interests of the population, administration and economic entities implementing air protection measures.The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for optimizing the program of environmental monitoring of air quality in the city of Chita, taking into account the criteria of danger to public health for the subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the Federal project “Clean Air”.Materials and methods. Justification of optimization of monitoring programs was carried out through the calculation of hazard indices, considering: the mass of emissions and toxicological characteristics of each chemical; the population under the influence. A vector map of the city with a layer “population density” was used as a topographic base. The indices were calculated for regular grid cells covering the residential area. For each cell, the repeatability of winds of 8 points from the priority enterprises and the population within the calculated cell were taken into account. As a result, each calculation cell was characterized by a total coefficient, taking into account the danger of potential impacts of emissions. Based on the results of the assessments, recommendations were formulated to optimize the placement of posts in the city and the formation of monitoring programs.Results. Indices of carcinogenic danger to the health of the population of Chita ranged from 584,805. 96 to 0.03 (priorities: carbon (soot), benzene, benz (a) pyrene); indices of non-carcinogenic danger — from 1,443,558. 24 to 0.00 (priorities: sulfur dioxide, inorganic dust containing 70–20% SiO2, fuel oil ash). The greatest danger to public health stationary sources of emissions form in the North-Western, Western and South-Eastern parts of the city. Roshydromet posts in these zones are absent.Conclusions. As part of the objectives of the project “Clean Air”, it is recommended to Supplement the existing state network of observations of atmospheric air quality in Chita with two posts; to include manganese, xylene, vanadium pentoxide in the monitoring programs, to carry out the determination of Benz(a)pyrene et all posts, which will allow to fully and adequately assess the danger of emissions of economic entities, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the provided air protection measures.

scholarly journals Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality for Sustainable Life: A Case Study of Rural and Urban Settlements in Poor Neighbourhoods in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2417
Author(s):  
Anne Wambui Mutahi ◽  
Laura Borgese ◽  
Claudio Marchesi ◽  
Michael J. Gatari ◽  
Laura E. Depero
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This paper reports on the indoor and outdoor air quality in informal urban and rural settlements in Kenya. The study is motivated by the need to improve consciousness and to understand the harmful health effects of air quality to vulnerable people, especially in poor communities. Ng’ando urban informal settlement and Leshau Pondo rural village in Kenya are selected as representative poor neighborhoods where unclean energy sources are used indoor for cooking, lighting and heating. Filter based sampling for gravimetrical, elemental composition and black carbon (BC) analysis of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is performed. findings from Ng’ando and Leshau Pondo showed levels exceeding the limit suggested by the world health organization (WHO), with rare exceptions. Significantly higher levels of PM2.5 and black carbon are observed in indoors than outdoor samples, with a differences in the orders of magnitudes and up to 1000 µg/m3 for PM2.5 in rural settlements. The elemental composition reveals the presence of potentially toxic elements, in addition to characterization, emission sources were also identified. Levels of Pb exceeding the WHO limit are found in the majority of samples collected in the urban locations near major roads with heavy traffic. Our results demonstrate that most of the households live in deplorable air quality conditions for more than 12 h a day and women and children are more affected. Air quality condition is much worse in rural settlements where wood and kerosene are the only available fuels for their energy needs.

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