Towards Multi-Scale Space-Time Characteristics of Air Quality and Population Exposure Risk

In order to formulate policies to control regional air pollution and promote sustainable human–land system development, it is crucial to study the space–time distribution of air pollution and the population exposure risk. Existing studies are limited to individual fine particulate pollutants, which does not fully reflect the comprehensiveness of air quality. In addition, the spatiotemporal distribution of air quality and population exposure risk at different scales need to be further quantified. In this study, we used air monitoring station data and population spatial distribution data to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of air quality, including seasonal variations, variations before and during heating periods, and the occurrence frequency of priority pollutants in the traditional industrial areas of Northeast China in 2015. The population exposure–air pollution risk (PE-APR) model was used to calculate the population exposure risk at different spatial scales. The results suggest that GIS methods and air monitoring data help to establish a comprehensive air quality analysis framework, revealing spring–summer differentiation and the change trend of air quality with latitude. There are significant clustering features of air quality. A grid-scale population exposure–air pollution risk map is not restricted by administrative boundaries, which helps to discover high-risk areas of the main regional economic corridors and differences between inner cities and suburbs. This study provides a reference for understanding the space–time evolution of regional air pollution and formulating coordinated cross-regional air pollution strategies.

Assessment of the environmental situation in Krasnoyarsk using remote sensing data

The data on ground concentrations of aerosols and small gas components (particulate matter PM2.5 and sulfur dioxide NO2) were compared with remote sensing data obtained over the territory of Krasnoyarsk from June to August 2020. We use the air monitoring system of the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KSC SB RAS) to determine the concentration of PM2.5. NO2 concentrations were taken according to the data of the State departmental information and analytical system of the Ministry of Ecology of the region. It is shown that the remote sensing data of the MODIS MAIAC algorithm with a spatial resolution of 1 km can be used to determine the concentration of PM2.5 as an addition to the data obtained by the ground-based air monitoring system of the KSC SB RAS. The MAIAC data were calculated using two different models and are given to the measurement system used in the KSC SB RAS monitoring network. A high coefficient of determination between satellite and ground monitoring data was obtained. Determination coefficients were also obtained for NO2, showing how applicable the remote sensing data are for assessing the environmental situation in Krasnoyarsk.

IMPLEMENTASI “SMART POND” UNTUK LOBSTER AIR TAWAR BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS

Lobster air tawar sudah menjadi komoditas budidaya air tawar yang dapat dijadikan makanan dengan cita rasa yang nikmat. oleh karena itu lobster memiliki nilai jual yang cukup tinggi, dan budidaya lobster air tawar ini menjadi banyak digermari. Dalam budidaya Lobster Air Tawar sendiri memiliki penanganan yang cukup banyak seperti dalam pemberian pakan pada waktu tertentu, penjagaan suhu, dan kekeruhan air. Pemberian pakan pada Lobster air tawar pada umumnya adalah 2 kali dalam sehari agar perkembangan lobster air tawar menjadi baik. Suhu yang ideal pada budidaya lobster adalah sekitar 24 – 30 derajat Celcius. Selain itu kekeruhan pada air juga harus diperhatikan karena juga mempengaruhi perkembangan lobster Air yang terlalu keruh dapat mencemari air dan menghambat perkembangan lobster bahkan dapat membuat lobster tidak dapat bertahan hidup. Penanganan - penanganan tersebut tentunya memakan banyak sekali waktu dan tenaga setiap harinya dalam proses budidaya Lobster air tawar. Dari permasalahan tersebut dikembangkanlah sebuah sistem “Smartpond”. Smartpond sendiri merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk penamaan alat yang dirancang. Smart sendiri berarati pintar dan Pond berarti kolam. Jadi Smartpond dapat diartikan sebagai kolam pintar untuk lobster air tawar berbasis Internet of Things yang memiliki fitur dalam pemberian pakan secara otomatis, monitoring Suhu air, monitoring kekeruhan air monitoring wadah pakan lobster, serta otomatisasi dalam penyalaan waterpump bedasarkan nilai sensor suhu dan kekeruhan air. Dari hasil pengujian alat sistem Smartpond, didapatkan persentase nilai error pada pada sensor suhu sebesar 2,10%, Motor servo sebersar 1,64%. Modul RTC dapat mengontrol motor servo dalam pemberian pakan otomatis bedasarkan waktu realtime. Setiap nilai sensor yang didapat oleh sensor yang terpasang kemudian dapat dimonitoring melalui website dengan menggunakan modul ESP8266.

Design and Development of Isolating Pods to Prevent the Spread of Coronavirus or Other Viruses for Hospital and Domestic Purposes

Objectives: This project investigated into the design and construction of an isolation pod to keep infected people in quarantine, thus avoiding the spread of viruses such as the COVID-19. This product was made to be used in hospitals and at homes. Background: Mauritius is among the few countries, which has not had any cases of COVID-19 since for since May 2020 for a period of 150 days. It has opened its borders since October 2020, and since Mauritius being a small country, the spread of any type of virus can be imminent if not controlled properly. In case there is another spread of the COVID-19 in Mauritius, then the isolation pod could be used to keep infected people in quarantine. The aims of the study were to develop a prototype of an isolation cubicle that is collapsible and can be easily erected at homes or in hospitals, whenever the need arises. Methods: A prototype of the pod was made with metal bars welded together and tarpaulin materials were sewn together. A HEPA Fan Extractor was fitted inside the pod to allow the air to circulate. Results: the tests carried out the pod could easily be assembled, transported and stored for further usage. From the volunteers’ feedback, it was found that the pod was comfortable, spacious, and practical. The air monitoring tests carried on the carbon dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity were within the acceptable ranges.