On the issue of optimization of atmospheric air quality monitoring for the implementation of the Federal project «Clean Air»

2019 ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
I. V. May ◽  
A. A. Kokoulina ◽  
S. Yu. Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The City

Introduction. The city of Chita of Zabaikalsky region is one of the cities of Russia, priority on level of pollution of atmosphere. Of the order of 130 impurities emitted by the sources of the city, 12 are monitored at 5 posts of the Roshydromet network. Maximum monthly average concentrations are formed by benz (a) pyrene (up to 56.8 MPC), hydrogen sulfide (12.3 MPC), suspended particles (up to 4PDC), phenol (up to 3.6 MPC). Significant emissions (59.73 thousand tons in 2018) are aggravated by the use of coal as a fuel by heat and power enterprises and the private sector, climatic and geographical features. Within the framework of the Federal project “Clean Air” of the national project “Ecology”, it is envisaged to reduce the gross emission of pollutants into the atmosphere of Chita by 8.75 thousand tons by 2024, which should lead to a significant improvement in the safety and quality of life of citizens. It is necessary to identify the most “risky “components of pollution for health.It is important to understand: whether the environmental monitoring system reflects the real picture of the dangers posed by pollution of the city’s atmosphere; whether there is a need to optimize the monitoring system for the subsequent assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures; what impurities and at what points should be monitored in the interests of the population, administration and economic entities implementing air protection measures.The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for optimizing the program of environmental monitoring of air quality in the city of Chita, taking into account the criteria of danger to public health for the subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the Federal project “Clean Air”.Materials and methods. Justification of optimization of monitoring programs was carried out through the calculation of hazard indices, considering: the mass of emissions and toxicological characteristics of each chemical; the population under the influence. A vector map of the city with a layer “population density” was used as a topographic base. The indices were calculated for regular grid cells covering the residential area. For each cell, the repeatability of winds of 8 points from the priority enterprises and the population within the calculated cell were taken into account. As a result, each calculation cell was characterized by a total coefficient, taking into account the danger of potential impacts of emissions. Based on the results of the assessments, recommendations were formulated to optimize the placement of posts in the city and the formation of monitoring programs.Results. Indices of carcinogenic danger to the health of the population of Chita ranged from 584,805. 96 to 0.03 (priorities: carbon (soot), benzene, benz (a) pyrene); indices of non-carcinogenic danger — from 1,443,558. 24 to 0.00 (priorities: sulfur dioxide, inorganic dust containing 70–20% SiO2, fuel oil ash). The greatest danger to public health stationary sources of emissions form in the North-Western, Western and South-Eastern parts of the city. Roshydromet posts in these zones are absent.Conclusions. As part of the objectives of the project “Clean Air”, it is recommended to Supplement the existing state network of observations of atmospheric air quality in Chita with two posts; to include manganese, xylene, vanadium pentoxide in the monitoring programs, to carry out the determination of Benz(a)pyrene et all posts, which will allow to fully and adequately assess the danger of emissions of economic entities, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the provided air protection measures.

scholarly journals Rationale For a Regional Monitoring Program of Atmospheric Air Quality in the Dnepropetrovsk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
S. V. Stepanov ◽  
◽  
N. I. Rublevska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
The City

The air quality monitoring system in industrial cities is one of the systems for responding to risk factors in the public health system. The purpose of the study is, on the basis of a hygienic assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from exposure to specific pollutants in the cities of Dnipro, Kamenskoye, Kryvyi Rih, to substantiate a program for regional monitoring of atmospheric air quality. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the results of air quality studies in the largest industrial cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region – Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih and Kamenskoe for the period 2005-2019 were analyzed in terms of phenol, formaldehyde, benzene, xylene and toluene, and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to public health were calculated in these cities. Results and discussion. According to the results of the study, individual carcinogenic risks in all three cities in terms of formaldehyde are medium, and in terms of benzene are high. The population carcinogenic risk ranges from 200-269 additional cases of cancer from exposure to formaldehyde and 3727-4426 additional cases of cancer from chronic inhalation exposure to benzene. The calculation of non-carcinogenic risks identified the priority specific air pollutants in the cities under study, as well as the main target organs. So the main systems that are influenced by the action of the studied chemicals are the central nervous system, the general development of the body and the blood system. Based on the risk assessment, it was established that it is necessary to include the Kamenskoye metro station for regional monitoring. It is necessary to include all pollutants from List A to the minimum list of investigated chemicals, and for the city of Dnipro and Kamenskoye it is additionally necessary to carry out studies of phenol, formaldehyde and toluene and in the city of Kryvyi Rih – formaldehyde and toluene. The mechanism of data processing and interaction between the subjects of monitoring has been substantiated for the timely identification of risks and the development of necessary preventive measures for risk management. Conclusion. It was found that carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in industrial cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region are not acceptable. The existing monitoring system does not fully comply with the current requirements. The minimum program of the regional air quality monitoring system in the Dnipropetrovsk region has been scientifically substantiated

scholarly journals Working out ambient air quality measuring programs for socio-hygienic monitoring: practical experience of federal project «Clean air» activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1196-1202
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Kleyn ◽  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Irina V. May ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Balashov ◽  
Sergey Yu. Zagorodnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Clean Air

Introduction. Ensuring the safety of the environment is an indispensable condition for the sustainable development of human society. The Federal project “Clean Air” set this goal. Imprving air quality is most relevant for large industrial cities, including in the town of Krasnoyarsk. The monitoring for both atmospheric air quality and chemicals that form the most significant risks to public health must aim at the spatial characteristics of exposure levels to assess the effectiveness and results of air protection measures. Material and methods. To solve the mentioned problems, we used data from field studies of atmospheric air quality for 2014-2018, summary calculations of dispersion of pollutants, the results of their linked analysis, health risk assessment, cluster analysis, and geoinformation systems, implemented the MP 2.1.6.0157-19 algorithm. Results. For each post, a monitoring program has been formed. A list of substances to be controlled for characterizing this cluster has been determined. As a result, the city monitoring program included 23 unique substances for the full monitoring program and 13 substances for reconnaissance assessment. Monitoring studies of atmospheric air quality, including priority substances that create an unacceptable level of potential health effects, cover more than 99% of the pilot area population. Conclusions. The study results showed the relevance and timeliness of interagency efforts in managing atmospheric air quality in the territories. A shared observation network of Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation (Hydrometcenter of Russia), Rospotrebnadzor, and regional atmospheric air quality monitoring networks with maximum resource savings, without duplication of studies, will allow for representative data collection and the formation of a joint information base. All this will provide good management decisions regarding air protection measures and measures of hygienic and medical-preventive nature.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Air Monitoring Systems Data

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
The City

Purpose. To analyze the international experience in determining the state of atmospheric air, to conduct a comparative analysis of integrated indicators of atmospheric air quality on the example of the city of Mariupol. Methods. Processing and analysis of atmospheric air monitoring data were performed by calculation, statistical and graphical methods. Results. The study of the air quality of the city of Mariupol is carried out at 2 posts of the Automated Environmental Monitoring System in the Donetsk region and 13 automatic monitoring posts (AMP) at the borders of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of the city enterprises. As a result of data analysis, the average percentage of pollutants, sub-indices and air quality indices according to the standards of Ukraine, EEA, EPA in 2020 were calculated. The obtained results differ in quantitative values, but on the scale of air quality are similar. Using the data of the Automated Environmental Monitoring System of Donetsk region, the average monthly concentrations of pollutants were calculated according to the data of regional posts and automatic monitoring posts on the border of sanitary protection zones. To assess the quality of atmospheric air, a data set was used: suspended particles, ozone, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide, which are used to calculate global air quality indicators. There is a tendency to increase the change in the concentration of formaldehyde in the atmosphere of the city during 2017 - 2020. Conclusions. The average percentage of pollutants, sub-indices and indices of air quality in Mariupol according to the standards of Ukraine, EEA, EPA are calculated. The obtained results differ in quantitative values, but on the scale of air quality are similar.

scholarly journals La situación actual del sistema de monitoreo ambiental en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México / The Current Status of Environmental Monitoring in the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Perevochtchikova
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Current Status ◽  
New Public ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Metropolitan Zone

Se ha visto que sin un sistema de monitoreo ambiental integral y eficiente, que propor­cione datos duros de soporte para un diagnóstico de la situación ambiental, no es posible elaborar nuevas políticas públicas para resolver la problemática que enfrentan las áreas urbanas. En el presente trabajo se revisa la situación actual del sistema de monitoreo ambiental de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México desde tres ángulos: climatológico, hidrométrico y de calidad de aire. Asimismo se detectan sus principales avances, limitaciones y otras particularidades y al final se complementa el monitoreo ambiental con la parte social y económica. AbstractIt has been proved that without an efficient, integral environmental monitoring system that provides hard back-up data for a diagnosis of the environmental situation, it is impossible to draw up new public policies to solve the problem faced by urban areas. This paper reviews the current status of environmental monitoring in the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone from three angles: climatological, hydrometric and air quality. It also detects the main progress, limitations and other particularities and at the end, environmental monitoring is complemented by the social and economic part.

scholarly journals Environmental Monitoring System by Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdelrhman ◽  
Ahmed Balkis ◽  
Ali-Abou Ahmed ElNour ◽  
Mohammed Tarique
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System

This paper presents a reliable and low cost environmental monitoring system. The system uses an Unmanned Ariel Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a set of sensors, microcontroller, wireless system, and other accessories. The system consists of two systems namely air quality monitoring system and water quality monitoring system. The air quality monitoring system consists of a set of gas sensors and microcontroller. This system measures the concentration of greenhouse gases at different altitudes under different environmental conditions. On the other hand, the water quality monitoring system consists of a set of water quality sensors, microcontroller, and water sampling unit. This system collects water samples from off-shore and on-shore water sources and measures water quality parameters. The present system is capable of recording the measured data in an onboard SD card. It is also able to send data to a ground monitoring unit through a wireless system. To ensure reliability in measurement the sensors are calibrated before deployment. Finally, the system is upgradable and reconfigurable. The system has been tested to measure air and water quality at different local areas. Some these measured data are also presented in this paper.

scholarly journals EVALUACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE LIMPIEZA Y DESINFECCIÓN EN UNIDADES DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS, EN HOSPITALES DE SEGUNDO Y TERCER NIVEL DE ATENCIÓN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Irma Saltos ◽  
Giovanna Segovia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas con la atención de salud son un problema de salud pública, todos los esfuerzos que se realizan para prevenir y controlar las infecciones aún son insuficientes. La limpieza y desinfección en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por las características del paciente y las medidas terapéuticas invasivas que se ejecutan, la limpieza y desinfección      deben ser rigurosas. Objetivo: Evaluar el proceso de limpieza y desinfección en unidades de cuidados intensivos de segundo y tercer nivel de atención, de referencia nacional, de la Ciudad de Quito, de acuerdo con el protocolo del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, trasversal, se recolectó información mediante observación directa utilizando una guía diseñada sobre la base de los protocolos de limpieza y desinfección reglamentarios. Resultados: Los protocolos de limpieza y desinfección que se realizan en la UCI evidencian brechas de incumplimiento que afectan su eficacia y eficiencia en la limpieza concurrente, la limpieza terminal, la utilización del equipo de protección personal por los trabajadores y en el manejo, conservación de los desinfectantes. Conclusiones: Los protocolos de limpieza y desinfección que se aplican en la UCI, evidencian brechas en el cumplimiento. Por tal razón, deben ser objeto de procesos rigurosos de mejora continua, en lo relacionado a la limpieza y desinfección de todos los elementos como (cama, colchón, velador, monitor y ventilador mecánico), es necesario intervenir en el adecuado uso de los desinfectantes y es necesario monitorear y educar sobre el uso correcto en el manejo de los      guantes.   Palabras Claves: Limpieza, desinfección, cuidados intensivos, desinfectantes ABSTRACT Introduction: Infections associated with health care are a public health problem, all the efforts made to prevent and control infections are still insufficient. Cleaning and disinfection in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to the characteristics of the patient and the invasive therapeutic measures that are carried out, cleaning and disinfection must be rigorous. Objective: To evaluate the process of cleaning and disinfection in intensive care units of second and third level of care, of national reference, of the City of Quito, in accordance with the protocol of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out, information was collected by direct observation using a guide designed on the basis of the regulatory cleaning and disinfection protocols. Results: The cleaning and disinfection protocols carried out in the ICU show non-compliance gaps that affect their effectiveness and efficiency in concurrent cleaning, terminal cleaning, the use of personal protective equipment by workers and in the handling and conservation of disinfectants. Conclusions: The cleaning and disinfection protocols applied in the ICU show gaps in compliance. For this reason, they must be subject to rigorous processes of continuous improvement, in relation to the cleaning and disinfection of all elements such as (bed, mattress, nightstand, monitor and mechanical ventilator), it is necessary to intervene in the proper use of disinfectants and it is necessary to monitor and educate on the correct use in the handling of gloves. Keywords: Cleaning, disinfection, intensive care, disinfectants  

scholarly journals Creating Clean Air Spaces During Wildland Fire Smoke Episodes: Web Summit Summary

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilliane Davison ◽  
Karoline K. Barkjohn ◽  
Gayle S. W. Hagler ◽  
Amara L. Holder ◽  
Sarah Coefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pollution Events

Effective strategies to reduce indoor air pollutant concentrations during wildfire smoke events are critically needed. Worldwide, communities in areas prone to wildfires may suffer from annual smoke exposure events lasting from days to weeks. In addition, there are many areas of the world where high pollution events are common and where methods employed to reduce exposure to pollution may have relevance to wildfire smoke pollution episodes and vice versa. This article summarizes a recent virtual meeting held by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to share research, experiences, and other information that can inform best practices for creating clean air spaces during wildland fire smoke events. The meeting included presentations on the public health impacts of wildland fire smoke; public health agencies' experiences and resilience efforts; and methods to improve indoor air quality, including the effectiveness of air filtration methods [e.g., building heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and portable, free-standing air filtration systems]. These presentations and related research indicate that filtration has been demonstrated to effectively improve indoor air quality during high ambient air pollution events; however, several research questions remain regarding the longevity and maintenance of filtration equipment during and after smoke events, effects on the pollution mixture, and degree to which adverse health effects are reduced.

scholarly journals Vehicular PM Emissions and Urban Public Health Sustainability: A Probabilistic Analysis for Dhaka City

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Shirina Afroze ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Technique ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Emission Modelling ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The City

Particulate Matter (PM) pollution is generally considered as a prime indicator of urban air quality and is linked to human health hazards. As vehicles are a vital component of an urban setting, the risks of particulate pollution need to be assessed. An emission modelling is essential for that, and thus stochastic modelling approach involving Monte Carlo simulation technique was applied, aiming to reduce the uncertainty in emission modelling. The risks scenarios for the emissions were generated for 2019 (present state) and 2024 (future), integrating the probability of emissions and the associated AQI (Air Quality Index). Despite the vehicles being a minor source of PM in Dhaka (compared to the contribution from other sources), about one-third of the city is found under high risk due to the exhaust particulate pollution; having the potentiality to cover more than 60% of the city in the coming years, affecting the urban public health sustainability. However, the extent of implementation of planning and management strategies can revert the scenarios for the city, which can plausibly reduce the risk from 80% to 50%, or even to a no-risk state.

Organization of monitoring of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the city and assessment of the health risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Oleg Vladimirovich Klepikov ◽  
Yuriy Ivanovich Stepkin ◽  
Semen Aleksandrovich Kurolap ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Yeprintsev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The aim of the study was to assess the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of an industrialized city, caused by the probable presence of carcinogens in the ambient air. The results of laboratory control of the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the city of Voronezh for 2017–2020 were used as the initial data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed in accordance with the provisions of Guideline R. 2.1.10.1920–04 «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment.» Taking into account the regional peculiarities of the composition of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air, 1,3-butadiene (source — production of synthetic rubber) should be classified as priority carcinogens requiring systematic monitoring and measures to reduce the volume of emissions and, accordingly, concentrations in the surface layer of atmospheric air and chromium 6+ compounds (the main source is an aircraft plant). These substances, depending on the territory (transport or industrial), contribute 69.9–75.7 % and 21.7–26.9 %, respectively, to the total values of the individual carcinogenic risk (from 4.27 × 10 –3 to 4.90 × 10 –3 for the adult population, from 3.38 × 10 –4 to 3.82 × 10 –4 for children 6 years old). For the rest of the laboratory controlled carcinogens (formaldehyde, lead, soot, styrene), the risks do not exceed the maximum permissible value. It was found that the territorial coverage of the urban area of Voronezh by monitoring the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air (5 stationary and 5 route observation posts) and the number of laboratory-determined carcinogens (6 out of 18 taken into account in the projects of maximum permissible emissions of enterprises) is insufficient to obtain reliable information on the value carcinogenic risk to public health. To reduce the associated uncertainties in assessing the carcinogenic risk, further studies of the content of 8 carcinogens (1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, lead, carbon black, chromium 6+, benzene, benz/a/pyrene, styrene) are planned at 13 additional control points of the urban area.

BIOINDICATION OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY OF OMSK ACCORDING TO A STUDY OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
L. P. IVASHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
V. P. IVASHCHENKO ◽  
M. V. KUBAREVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The City

The problem of air pollution of the city is still relevant today. A significant increase of emissions of pollutants from the activities of industrial plants, road transport has a negative impact on the quality of atmospheric air and the environment as a whole, the health of the population. The main objective of this research is to assessment of the state of the air environment, by studying of pinus sylvestris needles, growing on the territory of the city of Omsk. For research of the state of the atmospheric air were chosen 5 key sections in the city of Omsk, where we selected samples of needles. It was found, that the severity of damage and drying of needles is uneven on all key sections, depends on the level of air pollution. An assessment of the state of the air environment was carried out, which showed, that on the territory of the Soviet park and ave. of the Culture (sections 1 and 2, respectively) relatively clean air "norm" was established, according to the third level of pollution. Cathedral square and st. Irtyshskaya embankment (sections 3 and 5, respectively) are characterized by dirty air «harmful», according to the sixth level of pollution.

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